نشریه علوم و فنون سازندگی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1400)

This article deals with the issue of knowledge-based economy and the need for the participation of large economic enterprises in this field. The development of technology and knowledge-based companies in the country is essential for the development of knowledge-based economy which can lead to economic resilience and suitable infrastructure development. Increasing the role of knowledge-based companies and startups in the economy and GDP, requires large enterprises to enter the field of technology and knowledge-based management. In this article, first the necessity of transforming large economic enterprises is discussed and then a proposed structure and model is presented to facilitate the transformation of all subdivisions of large enterprises into knowledge-based enterprises. The prerequisite to the implemention of the proposed program is the formation of a coordinating committee, whose framework is presented at the final part of this article.

Roads are vital channels for social life in any country and their good state is one of the mainrecognized criteria of country’s development and progress. These routes must be constantly instandard conditions in terms of serviceability and provide safe and comfortable transport forusers. One of the key goals of the organizations involved in road construction and managementis to delay the occurrence of distresses and increase the useful life of the road network throughmaintenance operations. This goal is achieved by optimizing maintenance and rehabilitation(M&R) planning at the network and project levels. In this study, a method for selecting theoptimal M&R option for freeway pavement sections in each time period is presented. Usingdistress data, the pavement status prediction models based on IRI and PCI indices are presented.Also, one-year and multi-year M&R program of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation ispresented based on these prediction models. Finally, maintenance plans are provided in thepresence of budget constraints that will reduce maintenance costs and maintain optimalpavement conditions through the years of operation.

In this research, the design principles of double-walled metal-metal (ethylene / ethane) storage tanks are extracted, focusing on the selection or proposal of double-wall enclosed perlite-based super-insulation. Presenting the results of research on companies with the technology to design and manufacture liquefied gas storage tanks in the world, extracting basic concepts and studying the general and available principles of designing double-walled metal-metal tanks and providing sample calculations to explain the application of tank design rules and the software codes related to performing these calculations, constitute the first two parts of this research. Then the principles of design and construction of concrete tanks and the comparison of metal and concrete tanks from the macro perspective point of view are presented. Next, the basic concepts in liquefied petroleum gas storage tank insulation are explained. Also, by performing insulation design calculations, the optimal insulation thickness is determined and related software codes are compiled and presented. In the final phase of this research, alternative studies for the insulation system are studied and in order to prove the suitability of the introduced alternative insulations, the thermal-economic analysis with an optimization perspective, including sensitivity analysis is presented. The results of the analysis show that although as an alternative, the proposed insulation system requires a little more initial cost to implement, in less than a year it passes the break even point of investment and accordingly it is physically and economically much more durable than conventional insulation systems.

Power distribution networks as the interface between the power transmission networks and micro/macro consumers, are among the most important components of electrical energy systems. The main task of these networks can be considered as reducing the voltage level and preparing electrical energy for delivery to consumers, which is done according to different structures and voltage levels. An instance of extensive and important research in this area is the rearrangement of distribution networks. One of the effective optimization methods in network rearrangement is the use of heuristic algorithms in order to find the best arrangement for the distribution network by considering various network parameters and constraints. In this paper, while modeling the problem of optimal rearrangement of power distribution networks with the aim of improving power quality, the solution is also presented using both the single and multi-objective variants of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The simulation results show successful performance and suitable efficiency for both methods of single-objective and multi-objective PSO optimization.

The oil and gas industry is internationally known for its unique characteristics from past to the present. The huge capital requirement, the risk sharing of resource exploration, the need to use economies of scale, the rule of laws and regulations, the efficiency and effectiveness growth, the use of capacities and capabilities, etc. are among the reasons that have increased the application of International Joint Operating Agreements in recent years. In Iran, due to the conclusion of new Iranian oil contracts called IPC and despite the economic conditions such as sanctions, the use of joint contracts in the oil and gas industry has been welcomed by exploration and production companies. The development of joint contracts in the oil and gas industry requires the clarification of financial relations between the partners, which are attached to the joint contract in the form of Accounting and Financial Procedures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure of Accounting and Financial Procedures at the international level in order to provide an appropriate accounting and financial framework for consortium contracts in the Iranian oil and gas industry. The AFPs increase the speed of contract execution by regulating financial relations between joint partners, increasing mutual trust and adhering to accounting principles, procedures and standards, and can be the basis for the decisions of accountants and financial managers in exploration and production companies. Given the lack of these AFPs in the country, the importance and necessity of this research are obvious to experts.

Immediately after the exploration, with drilling of production wells the production in oil reservoirs is commenced by natural reservoir forces, but the reservoir pressure gradually declines, and throughout the well exploitation life some methods are needed to maintain the reservoir pressure. Eventually, if the residual oil is not recoverable by the reservoir pressure maintenance methods, the residual oil in the reservoir would be minimized by changing the reservoir properties, using the specific EOR methods. The water/gas-based methods are common in the EOR processes. In the industrial studies on candidate base reservoirs, usually the function of each EOR method is explained separately and the technical and economic studies of the methods with the approach of the short-term and long-term investigation is not performed concurrently. In this research, at first, the most appropriate EOR methods are determined using primary screening, and their dynamic simulations are performed on the initialized model. Then, the calculations of economic model are performed according to the production and injection profiles in order to obtain the technically and economically optimum method. Results show that the immiscible gas injection method has a greater NPV than the water-based method by increasing the injection time and changing the production control parameter.