Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of sowing dates on the yield and oil ratio of Camelina genotypes. The research was conducted in Northern Turkey during the 2017-2019 growing season with the use of 4 sowing dates (23 October, 3 November, 13 November, and 23 November) and two camelina genotypes (PI-650142 and PI-304269). Yield varied between 0.90-1.76 kg ha-1 and oil ratio between 28.4-30.8%. It was concluded based on present oil ratio findings that the second sowing date (3 November) was more suitable for camelina cultivation in the winter season in Northern Turkey ecological conditions, while it was concluded based on present yield findings that the fourth sowing date (23 November) was more appropriate. PI-650142 genotype seemed to be more adaptable to ecological conditions of Northern Turkey in terms of investigated oil ratio, and PI-304269 genotype can be preferred in terms of yield. Advancing or delaying sowing dates could have adverse effects on yield and yield components of the camelina genotypes.

Appropriate planting date is directly related to the geographical situation and climatic conditions of the region. Due to the declining trend of rainfall and lack of soil moisture in most parts of Iran, applying the maximum possible delay in planting is essential due to less autumn irrigation and getting closer to autumn rainfall. Therefore, to investigate the effect of delay in planting on quality traits, yield, and yield components of rapeseed, an experiment was conducted in 2012 as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Hamedan province, Iran. The main factor was planting date in 4 levels, including 10 September, 20 September, 30 September, and 10 October. The second factor was four genotypes of Okapi cultivar and hybrids of Tassilo, Octans-NK, and Elite. The results showed that the number of pods per plant, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, and oil yield at 1% probability level and the number of seeds per pod and Thousand seed Weight (TSW) at 5% probability level were affected by the interaction of planting date and genotype. Also, the simple effect of genotype on the percentage of seed oil was significant at the level of 1% probability. The highest seed yield in the first planting date with 5083.3 kg/ha belonged to the Octans-NK genotype and the lowest yield in the last planting date (1244.4 kg/ha) belonged to the Okapi genotype.

oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops severely affected by ‎heat or drought stress. Although oilseed rape production and acreage in the world have been Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops severely affected by heat or drought stress. Although the acreage and production of oilseed rape have been increasing steadily in the world, there are still serious concerns about edible oil demands supply for 9.1 billion by 2050. In addition, ongoing climate change and the susceptibility of oilseed rape to abiotic stresses threaten oilseed rape production in many parts of the world. Oilseed rape crops are particularly concerned with more frequent heat and drought stress. By facing oilseed rape crop with heat or drought stress, reduction in yield and yield component, oil concentration and change in fatty acids composition and phenological traits would be expected. On the other hand, there are several ways to mitigate the severe response of the plant to heat or drought stress such as detecting tolerant genotypes and modifying the planting method, sowing date, and tillage system. Additionally, optimization of plant growth regulators, fertilizers, bacterial growth regulators, and superabsorbent polymers is recommended to decrease the negative effects of drought or heat stress. Therefore, although heat or drought tolerance causes yield reduction but utilizing appropriate methods could reduce their disastrous effects.

Although the use of wastewater has a relatively long history, today more than ever, urban wastewater is considered as a source of irrigation water. In this study, by examining the effects of using treated effluent on the characteristics of cotton plants such as yield and number of bolls per square meter, leaf index and plant height, as well as cotton boll weight and vegetative growth, suggestions have been made that can help farmers to irrigate fields. Informs about the treated effluent. Also, considering the pattern of accumulation of heavy elements in the soil on their effects on soil quality and cultivated crops, the need for this research is even greater. The results of studies have shown that treating municipal effluent as one of the unconventional water sources for irrigation increases the yield of cotton plants. Also, the use of treated effluent in research has increased the number of bolls per square meter, leaf index and plant height in Irrigation treatments with treated effluent show high significance. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of irrigation with treated effluent on the yield and yield components of cotton plants as well as its effect on the soil of irrigated fields.

Khuzestan province has good potential for oilseed crops production, such as soybeans. At present, however, there are no suitable soybean cultivars in the country that can tolerate the hot conditions of this province well. Therefore, Gelareh Kalhor Agriculture Company, in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, has imported four soybean cultivars (BRS391, BRS232, BRS511, and BRS284) from Brazil. This study aimed to compare the yield of imported soybean cultivars tolerant to heat stress with common cultivars in the country (Rahmat, Caspian, and SK-93) in Dezful climate conditions. The experiment was performed in 2021 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the analysis of variance showed that soybean cultivars had significant effects on the number of branches per plant, pod production per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield. But, there was no statistically significant difference among the cultivars studied for seed oil and protein contents. The results showed that imported soybean cultivars were able to produce about 25% more pods per plant, 21% more seeds per pod, and 8% higher seed weight, and in total, 20% higher seed yield than common cultivars. Conversely, the potential for branching in common soybean cultivars in the country was about 33% higher than that of the imported cultivars from Brazil. Among the cultivars imported, BRS232 and BRS284 with seed yields of 2793 and 2697 kg ha-1, respectively, showed higher production potential than the other two cultivars.

Understanding the physical properties of compost in relation to water retention and their impact on reducing water consumption and increasing plant water use efficiency is important. In order to investigate the effect of using three types of compost (powder, vermicompost and granular) in four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 25 tons/ha on the water use efficiency of grass, a factorial project in randomized complete block design was carried out for one year and nine months (2018-2019) in at the station of the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi. The plant species tested were commercial Hamilton sports grass and was used as a culture medium in the treatments. Before planting, soil samples and compost samples were chemically and physically decomposed and macro and micronutrients were identified for each fertilizer and soil in the area. During the growth period, moisture samples were taken from the soil and irrigations were performed based on the allowable moisture discharge (50% of usable moisture). At the end of the project, the soil was sampled from each plot and the amounts of micro and macro elements were determined. The results of water use in cultivated grass treatments showed that consumption of 10 tons per hectare of vermicompost had the lowest water consumption during the growing period (430 mm), which increased water retention in the soil and the amount of water consumption was about 40% less than Control treatment (without fertilizer application). Water use efficiency was measured in different treatments that the highest water use efficiency was related to the treatment of 5 tons per hectare of powdered compost at the rate of 7.4 kg/m3 of water.