نشریه جستارهای تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Due to the proximity of the time of Imam Askari (AS) to the era of absence and the increase in the geographical area of the Islamic world and also the difficulty of direct and immediate access to the Infallible Imam (AS), special attention to women narrators of that era, as invisible companions and intermediaries between the Imam and the Shiites, who were less threatened, are needed. This a rticle, with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on documentary data taken from historical propositions and rijali books, seeks to answer the question that in the face of the important cultural challenge of the Imamate of Imam Askari (AS), what role did women narrators play? The research findings show that due to the Imam’s relationship with Shiites and restrictions on male companions and lawyers, the cultural role of women na r rators in that period is more prominent. Presence in the cultural area, answering questions, educating science seekers and explaining the position of the Imam and the culture of Mahdism, indicate the claim that this group of Muhaddithah women have played an influential role in Shiite society.

The political life and Imam Sadegh (AS) Imamate era coincided with the period of the political-governmental system of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. according to Imam, both governments were examples of Taghut but his life and strategy are different in these two times. Indeed, what was the origin of the difference between the Imam’s treatment of the two illegitimate political systems? It seems that the socio-political situation at that time had a decisive role in the type of behavior and reactions of Imam Sadegh (AS) and caused the difference in his political life in the face of government systems; And of course, all the actions of the Imam, like other Imams (AS), like a puzzle in line with the divine mission of the Imamate, protection of Islam and the completion of divine rules in accordance with the time periods, were different. Among the achievements of the hypothesis that is proved in this article is that not only the political Sira of Imam Sadegh (AS) is much more prominent than other aspects of his life, but also the political method of the Imam played a key role because the Imam considered different nature of the Umayyad rule and tried to maintain Shiite culture by being flexible. This research, in a descriptive-analytical method and based on historical sources and narrative documents, analyzes and re-examines the role of time element in the political Sira of Imam Sadegh (AS).

Writing the Prophetic biography is one of the writing interests of Muslims in the first centuries of Islam, which has always been influenced by various historical factors and contexts. Here, the issue is the study of the books of the Prophetic biography and the character of the Shiite biographers in the third and fourth centuries and the extent of the influence of the Abbasid system in social and cultural fields. Choosing of this period is due to the importance of the multiplicity of prophetic biographies in this period, which later became a source for references by later writers. The present article seeks to answer the question of what factors in the third and fourth centuries, influenced the growth of prophetic biography among the Shiites. Findings show that the actions and attitudes of some Abbasid caliphs, including Ma’mun, Mu’tasim and Wasiq in the years 198 to 232 AH, which were in the era of power and the peak of them, was able to provide a good atmosphere for the writers of Sira and this indicates the growth Culture and civilization in this era. On the other hand, the reign of Al-Buwayh played a significant role in the prosperity and attraction of scholars and writers, and their support led to the further publication of books and the promotion of culture in the form of religion. Meanwhile, political uprisings and disputes, as well as the influence of the Turks in the territory of the Abbasid Caliphate, had a significant impact on the weakness and decline of Islamic civilization and culture, and weakened the foundations of the government and finally accelerated its overthrow.

West Asia, as the origin of Islam, has always grappled with a variety of political, cultural, economic, and similar threats. Threat is an abstract concept that is deeply intertwined with the concept of national security in these countries; Because the political, cultural and economic sectors are among the most threatened parts in these countries. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the types of threats in politics, economics and culture in these societies. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical method by using study statements from libraries. Findings show that the level of threat in all three categories has dependency components. As some Islamic countries have apparently maintained their independence, they have become politically, economically and militarily dependent on superpowers. This dependence, in the field of culture, includes the distortion of religious tendencies, the weakening of them, and denial of the value identity of Islamic countries. In the economic sector, the unequal distribution of resources and facilities, civilization and economic dependence are the main threats in these states. In the cultural dimension, scientific and cultural dependence on the West, the promotion of secular beliefs and apostasy as intellectuals are considered threats.

Women’s economic productivity in the family is one of the issues families face. This study with a descriptive-analytical method, has reached significant findings by examining the matters related to this issue: The economic productivity of women in the family is affected by three factors: educational model, religious beliefs and strong planning and performance of women. Each of them has a role to play in women’s success in terms of women’s economic productivity. Also, based on the thought and Sira of the Infallibles (PBUH), the strategies of female economic productivity in the family can be identified in three areas: income generation through employment, productivity through production, and modeling in consumption and controlling costs. Another issue addressed in this article is considerations that a woman should pay attention to be more productive; Including: choosing the type of job and how long it takes to be productive. Therefore, according to the tradition of the Infallibles (PBUH), a woman can play an effective role in the economic productivity of the family as one of the main members of the family.

Proper dress and clean-cut appearance are one of the most important lifestyle issues that human beings are naturally interested in. Coverage is also one of the important components of human communication that is effective in the strength and cohesion of society. Islam emphasizes this issue very much and relatively many narrations of the Infallibles (AS) have been quoted in this regard. In Islamic heritage, wearing some clothes is encouraged and others are forbidden. There are also recommendations regarding the color, material, type, place and time of covering that have encouraged Muslims to follow these commands. According to the order of Islam, Infallible Imams (AS) as a model in all matters and issues of life have chosen a cover in their period. By examining such narrations and their behavioral analysis, we can understand the important causes, factors and principles that have been effective in determining the type of cover. This article, with a historical-analytical method, seeks to examine the reports and narrations related to clothing in the period of Imam Hassan Askari (AS), the condition of clothing, clothing of the Imam himself, and the principles for choice of clothing with emphasis on dress and clean-cut appearance.