فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1400)

In recent researches in the field of financial markets and stock exchanges, determinig the effect of  behavioral variables such as investor sentiment and trading behavior along with fundamental variables, has attracted the attention of most financial researchers, especially those of  behavioral finance. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of investor sentiment and trading behavior on stock excess return, using data of 159 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period from 1388 to 1395, three behavioral variables including the "Investor sentiment index", "Individual investors trading behavior index " and " Institutional investors trading behavior index " were calculated and added to Fama and French 5 factor model,to achieve a new 8 factor model with a combination of fundamental and behavioral variables. Then, by analyzing multiple regression with panel data, the explanatory capability and goodnes of fit index of the new 8 factor model is compared with the FF 5 factor model and the effect of each index on stock excess return, has been investigated. The results show that, adding these three behavioral variables improves the FF 5 factor model, and the 8 factor model, fits better than FF 5 factor model in explaining the " stock excess return". Meanwhile, the effect of investor sentiment is more than the effect of investors trading behavior.

In this research, we study the relationship between corporate income tax and inflation, when accounting historical cost income is the basis for calculating corporate taxes. Because tax deductions are based on historical cost and are not inflation-indexed, therefore in inflationary periods, depreciation and cost of goods sold will be less than actual and income will be higher, and hence the amount of tax will be distorted. But taxable income increase with inflation rate, as a result it is expected that corporate tax would be higher than actual tax (tax in the absence of inflation). On the other hand, the full amount of nominal interest expense is usually deductible from income, while part of the interest expense is to compensate for the devaluation of the real debt. As a result, it reduces profits and reduces the real tax. In the present research, in order to investigate the effect of inflation on corporate income tax, as a result using historical cost accounting, information of 354 companies during the years 1384-1394 was investigated using ordinary least squares regression method. The result showed that failure to adjust historical-cost-based tax deductions for inflation increases the real tax for capital- and inventory-intensive firms, but deductibility of nominal interest offset part of the consequences of using historical cost tax methods.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between unreadability of financial reporting and agency cost with the moderate role of auditing quality. To examine the unreadability of financial reporting, the Fog Index was used and to examine the agency cost the interaction between growth opportunities and free cash flows was used. This research is in terms of its purpose and its time period is from 2013 to 2017 and the selected sample consists of 160 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). To test the hypothesis of the research, the ordinary least squares method was used in Eviews software. The findings of the research hypothesis test show that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial reporting unreadability and agency costs. Also, the positive relationship between financial reporting unreadability and agency cost moderating with the presence of audit quality is negatively corrected. Considering the findings of the research in order to control the agency cost, paying more attention to the readability of financial reporting is necessary.

One component of economic growth in any country is the development of the capital market. The development of this market will have positive effects on savings and investments. Also, The effects of microstructures capital markets, including liquidity, the investment is of particular importance. The main goal of the present study is testing relationship between liquidity and firm investment. Accordingly, a sample consisting of 88 companies -accepted in Tehran Stock Market during 1381-1395- went under investigating. In order to test this investigated phenomenon, regression model of panel data was applied. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship among  liquidity (trading volume of companies) and investment (total assets, fixed assets and inventories). Also, positive and significant relationship among liquidity (trading volume adjusted by industry) the growth of total assets and the growth total inventories approved. And the lack of meaningful measure of liquidity (trading volume adjusted by industry) and the growth of fixed assets were demonstrated. In the following suggestions are presented for auditors.

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between financial ratios as information relevant to financial reporting and the risk of expected stock price crash. The statistical population of this research includes all companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the research goal, 81 companies were selected for the period between 2009 and 2018Selected as a sample. The research carried out in terms of the type of purpose is a part of applied research and the research method is in terms of the nature and content of the correlation. The research has been done in the framework of deductive-deductive reasoning and for analysis of the research hypothesis, statistical analysis of the logistics has been assisted. The results of the research hypothesis test showed a significant and negative relationship between Liquidity Ratios and Profitability Ratios and a significant and positive relationship between Financial Leverage and the expected fall in stock prices.

Mindfulness is one of the most important cognitive characteristics of individuals and is a stimulus for moral decisions and judgments. Hence, the purpose of this study; The study of the relationship between mindfulness and moral orientation with an emphasis on idealism and relativism. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study is auditors working in the auditing profession. From this statistical population, a sample of 210 people were randomly selected. The instrument used in the research is a standard questionnaire. In the present study, the collected data were analyzed using correlation method and multivariate regression. The results show that mindfulness has no significant relationship with idealism. But mindfulness has a negative and significant relationship with relativism. In general, the evidence of this research indicates that mindfulness as a psychological trait reduces ethical relativism in auditors. In other words, if auditors do their job with better knowledge and attention, then they can behave more ethically.

If the public sector accounting standards established by policy makers in accounting do not have the necessary intelligibility and readability, their application by various user groups will be difficult and inconsistent. In the meantime, measuring readability of texts is one of the tools used to measure the degree of complexity or difficulty of a text. The study is applied type in terms of goal and the research type is content analysis. Main method used, Flesch readabilitity index and close index that were used to obtain answers to the questions. The statistical population consists of all active students, accounting instructors, accountants and auditors; according to Cochran’s formula at 5% error level, the sample size is set at 384.The result showed that accounting standard No, 7 (intangible assets) with readability level  of 28/211 is the most difficult level and accounting standard No, 13 (effects of changes in exchange rates) with readability level of 51/267 is a little difficult. Also according to the Flesch method of all accounting standards, the results of studies showed that auditors and instructors have higher levels of readabilitity comprehension of standards texts and accountants and students have lower levels of readabilitity comprehension of standards texts. Understanding the readabilitity of a standard for them. There is on difference between the simplest and the most difficult standard.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility and professional ethics of auditors based on Bohavia, Gagas and Zaki model on audit quality in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method was descriptive-survey and field data were collected using validated questionnaire by Bohavia et al. (2015) and Salehi (1395) and Archie Carroll (1979). The statistical population consisted of auditors working in audit firms and simple random sampling method with 242 persons. Then, regression model and structural equation model were used to test the research hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that the dimensions of corporate social responsibility and the professional ethics of the auditor affect the quality of audit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of auditing in a company can be explained by changes in corporate social responsibility and professional ethics of the auditor.

The present study aims at investigating the moderating effect of auditors’ professional identification on the association between clients’ transformational client leadership and auditor objectivity. In doing so, a sample of 390 auditors affiliated with state and private audit companies randomly selected. The research adopts a descriptive-survey method with a standard questionnaire. PLS software is also employed to analyze the collected data. The results indicate that transformational client leadership is negatively correlated with auditor objectivity. Moreover, auditors’ professional identification moderates the negative relationship between clients’ transformational leadership and auditor objectivity.

Development of accounting is a very dynamic and multidimensional process. Thus, The purpose of this research is Explanation and presentation a efficient contingency model of accounting development in Iran. For this purpose, data from 183 companies in the period between 1388 -1396 related to Tehran Stock Exchange companies and other national data related to the research variables were used and used for modeling development of accounting from structural equation modeling technique that is of  type of multivariable regression. The results of this study indicate that all the variables of this  research, including economic development, capital market development, privatization and audit quality, have a direct effect on accounting development, but the variable of capital market development has negatively influenced on development of accounting by mediator variable of economic development. In describing the results of the research hypotheses, it can be stated that the conditions of the country's environment at the macro level in recent years have provided the ground for growth of accounting profession, and this growing process also can be continued in country by corrrect planning and represent the actual  position of accounting and auditing by professional institutions and experts.

Qualitative research has identified numerous indicators of audit committee effectiveness having not already enacted in current regulations and requirements related to the audit committee. In the first step, this study investigates the viewpoints of independent auditors to achieve key indicators of audit committee effectiveness. In the second step of the study, it deals with the relationship between the effectiveness of the audit committee based on the list of independent auditors (resulting from the first step of the research) and the effectiveness of the audit committee based on legal requirements with audit risk from the perspective of partners and managers of audit firms. Logistic regression is used. Based on the results, there is a significant negative relationship between audit committee characteristics based on statutory requirements and audit risk. There is also a negative significant relationship between audit committee characteristics based on the list of auditors and audit risk. However, in low-risk companies, the ratio of effectiveness of audit committee-based features to a selected list of auditors was about twice that of high-risk firms. It can be stated that independent auditors get more attention to the characteristics of an effective audit committee based on the list of auditors selected than to the list of statutory requirements in assessing customer audit risk.