جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 18 (زمستان 1400)

The inseparable relation between literature and music is an issue that has always been considered in different times. The present research, which is categorized in interdisciplinary studies, with a descriptive-analytical approach, worked on the relation between literature and music in “Zemestan” poetry collection of Mehdi Akhavan Sales and Iranian instrumental music. Akhavan Sales’s special attention to the music of poetry and the multiplicity of published musical works based on “Zemestan” poems, made us to analyze and discover the musical potentials of this poetry collection. This paper works on three Iranian classical music albums: "Zemestan ast", "Faryad" and "Hamavaz -e- parastouha- ye- aah", to analyze musical works based on “Zemestan” poetry collection, and to specify the factors that create rhythm and music in Persian modern poetry. The outcome and results of this study notice the musical richness of Akhavan sales’s works, specially the versatility of his poetries with Iranian classical music.

The authors of persuasive prose texts in Persian have strengthened the foundations of governments by using the views of Muslim policymakers and policy makers. One of the most important tasks of these writers is to legitimize, instill and instill formal and legal sovereignty over governments. The research method of the article is descriptive-analytical and the authors of this article seek to answer the question that what are the common components of the political authority of governments in the two books of the Tarikh-i Beyhaqi and Rahat al-Sodoor? The research findings show that the main requirement of political authority is to gain political and religious legitimacy. In these works, the rulers of the society try to consolidate their rule by gaining political legitimacy, delegating power from the caliph to the sultan, establishing efficient governmental apparatuses and institutions, strengthening military and financial power, instilling supernatural characteristics, justice and dealing with Muslim affairs. The induction of religious legitimacy of governments is done by emphasizing the divinity of the source of power of kings, the role of destiny in the rule of rulers, the obligation to obey them, religiosity and repression of enemies.

Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the excellencies of existence) in the Islamic mysticism of Bīdil Dihlavī- a mystic, poet, and representative of the Indian style- is in a linear and descending system based on the theory of unity of being explained within the framework of the status of essence, oneness, and uniqueness. Although Bīdil is bought up in India, he is one of the intellectual followers of Muhy id-Dīn ibn Arabī. Shankara is also one of the most notable interpreters of Vedanta’s school or India’s divine philosophy. According to Indian thinking, the four states of Ātman include Jagrat (waking), Swapna (dreaming), Sushupti (deep sleep), and Turiya (unconditional Ātman). These four stages of existence are comparable to Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Islamic mysticism. Using a descriptive-analytic method and library means, the present article makes a comparison between the perspectives of Bīdil and Shankara about the quadruplet worlds of existence. According to the results, the realm of mysticism dealing with the most inner aspects of a human paves the way for a common perception between religious and instinctive instructions of different ethnic groups; and in addition to the similarities between the theories, we can also discern their differences. The most distinction between Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Bīdil’s Islamic mysticism and Shankara’s Indian style is that although both have a linear and descending course, the foundation of Bīdil’s mysticism is based on divinity and genuine oneness of God whereas in Shanka’s Indian mysticism, the emphasis is on Ātman or the real self.

One Thousand and One Nights and One thousand and one days are Persian folk literature and the meaningful part of the historical memory of the Iranian people. These two works, which were created in the context of the Persian language and the Iranian (Himself)  Semiosphere to create the norm and order of the cultural system, In the translation process They surprised other culture and Over time, they greatly influenced world literature. These two works, with the Insignia similar, signifier arrangement and semantic guidance in the Semiosphere and similar texts in Persian tales, making this question , how is the relation the relationship between these two works and in memory of the text of world literature? So, this research has a descriptive analytical approach based on Yuri Lutman's theory of cultural semiotics: Study of bilateral and calico relationship between different sign systems, Affected by examining translations and texts of these two works In the cultural memory of world literature. and concludes: The cultural signs of these works has the representation of conflict, tolerance and Iranian man’s dialogue with nature, society and with Adjacent cultures. The translation of these stories was the discourse of Iranian culture with other cultures. The beginning of this discourse was accompanied by the repetition and sequence of translation production, Then, by influencing the method of producing new texts based on the pattern of Iranian stories, the automation and its reflection in other cultures, it caused the evolution of those cultures.

Rabindranath Tagore is a world-renowned Nobel Prize-winning Indian poet, mystic, philosopher, and writer. Tagore's poems can be studied from different aspects, especially in terms of literary schools. Tagore has been mostly influenced by Romanticism, but he also considered symbolism in his poetry. In this article, symbols in the categories of nature, plant, bird, object, human and human myth, place, animal, insect, etc. in Tagore's translated poems have been studied by employing descriptive, analytical, and quantitative methods. In general, out of 820 translated poems, symbols are seen in 155 poems (18.90) percent. Tagore was profoundly interested in nature; thus, symbols of nature (58%), plants (22.35%) and objects (22.25%) are the most frequent ones in his poems. The symbols of Tagore's poetry often have positive meanings and are mostly used to represent and describe human messages and ideas, mystical and philosophical concepts, and poetic images and are somehow similar to universal symbols.  Due to the fact that Tagore has rarely employed innovative or personal symbols, meanings of his symbols are easy to grasp.

Narration is one of the most efficient and effective literary and educational methods. Great poets such as Rumi inherited very old cultural and literary traditions, and therefore their stories are rooted in history and the collective human subconscious. Storytelling has a unique and completely different place in the spiritual Masnavi. Masnavi is an educational work full of stories and anecdotes. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way and library method, seeks to apply the narrative of one of the stories of Masnavi and Al-Tair region entitled "The common story of the dervish who adorned Amid Khorasani's slaves in Masnavi and Al-Tair region". Since allegorical stories form a large part of Masnavi and the best method and technique of Rumi in inducing teachings is his special method of narration, by analyzing this story, we can explain how narration and the role of semantic association in Rumi's method of narration. That is, knowing the narrative style of the text helps us to get closer to the author's mentality, and by identifying the narrative style of Masnavi, we can answer the questions of what is the difference between choosing a particular method of narration in the story of Masnavi and giving meaning to the text or the story of the region. It creates and to what extent has Rumi been able to create new meanings due to the change in the way of narrating the story of Al-Tair region?

Saadatnameh was written by Yusuf Khan Hajib in 1070 AD, exactly one year after the Anatolian gates were opened to the Turks in the battle of Malazgerd. Used in ancient Turkish to mean the science of government, this work has been the most important guidebook for many statesmen and sultans for centuries. This book, in terms of title, has close similarities with the policy or Sir al-Muluk Khajeh of Nizam al-Mulk Tusi. The policy is one of the most valuable works of the fifth century Persian language and literature, which in addition to being important in Persian literature, is also very important in historical texts and public law. Parts of this work are related to the principles and rituals of property based on Sharia. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the content analysis method and descriptive-comparative method and with library tools to show the differences and similarities between the two books on the subject of the connection between religion and politics. Specify as much as possible. Examining these two works, it was concluded that the Turkish sultans throughout history changed their nature from Shah Armani to a monarchy and from religion to Yari to religious studies. The authority of the Karakhani and Seljuk kings was limited to a legal and systematic channel.

Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a stage in which some of his literature was called Qalandar literature. The influence of Qalandari thoughts in Persian mystical poetry started from Sanai and reached the highest level of development in Hafez. The poets of Qalandariyat spoke of their desire for love, Qalandariyya, drunkenness and passion, and criticized the scholars and ascetics. In Qalandariyat, words such as: Tasbih, Khaneghah, Kharqah, Asceticism, Sajjada, Sufi, Faqih, Mosque, School, etc. have been ridiculed, and in contrast, words such as: Dir Moghan, Magh, Maghbcheh, May, It has many uses. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and library tools, the concepts of Qalandar in Hafez Divan and the works of poetry and prose of Ahmad Jam have been studied and compared. The results of the research show that Hafez and Sheikh Ahmad Jam have emphasized the issue of hypocrisy of religious people and Sharia more than others; Because the corruption that is created in this way in the society is much worse than the corruption of other classes. Also, Hafez and Sheikh Jam have emphasized the condemnation of selfishness and avoidance of the world and carnal habits. Hafez's wide range of views includes political, social, cultural, and religious issues; But Ahmad Jam has not mentioned the political characteristics of his society.