دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال نوزدهم شماره 109 (مهر و آبان 1400)

Assessing technological capability is one of the prerequisites for designing technology development strategies and policies. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the technological capability of biopharmaceutical companies in Iran using the Technological Capability Audit Tool (TCAT). For this purpose, the TCAT questionnaire is used and sent to 18 companies. The results of the analysis of the questionnaires showe that Iranian biopharmaceutical companies are in the "strategic" stage of 4 levels of technological capability. The results also showe that among the 9 dimensions of capability, companies are in a good position in terms of "awareness" dimension, and the most important obstacle in moving towards creative capability is their weakness in networking and using the capacity of other companies and external institutions to improve production capacity and develop technological capability. In addition, the weakness of domestic firms in cooperating with each other is due to the weaknesses of the culture of cooperation, the lack of a proper intellectual property system and also the problems in the country's trade law that make it difficult for firms to merge and acquire (M&A).

Ports, as the country's gateway to international trade, play an important role in the maritime transport chain. Port choice is one of the challenges for members of the maritime transport chain. The purpose of the research is to find the needs of our country's international transportation companies in the form of factors affecting their port choice. These factors are used to measure the performance of the three ports of Shahid Rajaee, Imam Khomeini and Chabahar by the AHP method, and finally examined the optimal modes of inland transport. The research method is that two questionnaires are used to determine the measurement criteria and obtain the results of pairwise comparisons. The first questionnaire is completed by fifteen experts in the transportation industry, and the second questionnaire is completed by eleven CEOs of international transport companies that worked with all three evaluated ports. The study is conducted from May to January of 2019. The findings of the study are that the criteria for maritime transport rate, frequency of transport lines, inland transport rate, reputation, security and safety of transport lines and frequency of shipping lines are identified as the five most important criteria in port choice.

Inter-organizational collaboration networks are a strategic alliance for gaining a competitive advantage in modern business. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the formation and continuity of cooperation networks and to investigate the nature of this network between active companies in the metal industry of Kerman province. Satisfaction with the existing cooperation networks in these companies is also analyzed. The statistical population of this study is all companies active in the metal industry, of which there were 27 companies in Kerman province. The research method of this research is social network analysis and Vizone and Excel software are used for this purpose. By identifying 33 companies active in the Metal Industry Cooperation Network, it is found that 71% of the members are satisfied with the cooperation network and the credibility of the member organizations of the cooperation network, the cost of products among these organizations, commitment to contracts and low risk Timely delivery is identified as the most important factor in the continuation and formation of the cooperation network.

This study aims to investigate the effect of business strategy orientation,information technology and marketing strategy on company performance with the mediating role of triple strategic alignment in manufacturing companies in Khuzestan province. The statistical population of the present study is all senior managers, middle managers and operational managers of production units in Khuzestan province with 1100 company, which according to Morgan table of the estimated sample size, 278 managers were evaluated and examined. Data collection tools include the standard questionnaire of Alsaremi et al. (2019) with 34 questions, which are validated for analysis based on formal validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (above 70%). Data analysis was performed using SPSS20 and LIZREL software. The findings of this study indicate the confirmation of research hypotheses through the model of structural equations and path analysis, which finally proves the appropriate fit of the conceptual model. The results showe that the triple strategic alignment offers a valid alternative approach to the strategic alignment. Companies that pursue a particular business strategy to achieve superior performance must implement the right combination of information technology and marketing strategies. These companies need to emphasize significant changes in the business environment and develop appropriate information technology to meet business needs, emphasizing support for business strategy

The present research aimes at designing a process model for impulse buying in chain stores of Tehran based on the grounded theory approach. The statistic population include the connoisseurs, professors, scientific and executive experts in the field of marketing and sales. 15 members are selected as the statistic sample by purposeful judgment method. The data collection tools include the library studies and semi- structured interview with experts. The validity of interview questions and their reliability respectively have been confirmed by the content analysis and retest method (0.921). The data analysis is done with a qualitative approach by the grounded theory method and the coding process was done in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Accordingly, every component of coding paradigm was interpreted and the process model of impulse buying in chain stores was designed. Finally, the theory is designed based on 9 theorems. Based on the enumerated model, the causal condition (including the economic and psychological factors), category- centered (positive attitude toward impulse buying), bedding (including the factors related to the good or product, personality and behavioral factors), contextual factors (including the environmental, persuasive and demographical factors), strategies (strategies of impulse buying development), and outcomes (including the outcomes related to the customer and sellers) aer specified in the paradigm model and ultimately, the relations between them were drawn in the selected model.

The purpose of this study is to identify the indicators affecting the customers' self confidence in Saman Bank Branch of Tabriz, which is first determined by consulting with bank experts, and then the information for each indicator was collected through 272 questionnaires. After collecting data, the relationships between the indicators are determined by the DEMATEL technique. Finally, the indexes affecting customer confidence are ranked by using the fuzzy network analysis process considering their order which gives the ability of maintaining customers’ satisfaction and attracting new customers to banks. Considering the experts’ opinion, 20 main indicators have been selected from all existing indicators. Research results indicates that the quality of relationship between employees and customers with the relative weight of 0.096, bank and branding index with the relative weight of 0.094 and the index of Bank’s modern services with the relative weight of 0.073 are the first three important indexes respectively. Therefore, in order to maintain customer loyalty, the bank must maintain and strengthen these three factors in a higher degree than other competitors.

In recent years, a vast amount of research works has been conducted to measure the technical and economic performance of banks and financial institutions. In many countries, efficiency is being considered as the basic criterion for assessing the performance of banks. In the competitive market, banks should make all their efforts to reduce costs, increase efficiency, offer new products and services, and develop new methods of doing services. In this paper, the performance of 54 branches of Bank Sepah in Tehran which are classified to the commercial, residential, barracks and the road is measured using data envelopment analysis at the end of 2017. First, the revenue efficiency by assuming variable returns to scale is measured and out of the bank branches total of 9 branches is specified efficient. Also, the average revenue efficiency of the studied population is 45 percent. Then, the variable returns to scale efficiency of branch level is measured and the performance of the branches came up to an average of 85 percent. According to this, the average allocate efficiency levels led to 54 percent. The results indicate that the proposed method for determining the performance of the branches under supervision division is quite viable and valid.

IoT is the technology of connecting electronic devices to each other or to the human agent. These tools perform tasks in various sectors of industry and commerce in accordance with the protocols given to their processor. But the mechanism of action of these tools sometimes faces challenges related to private information of individuals. Accordingly, laws enacted in developed legal systems, including the European Union, provide for rights for information holders. The purpose of this study is to analyze one of the rights expressed as "the right to exchange private data". The main question of the present study is to answer the nature of this right and the challenges of its implementation. The hypothesis of this study is that in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation adopted in 2016, the right to exchange private data constitutes the transfer of the right to monitor and control information collected by IoT tools from the primary controller. Is secondary. The exercise of this right is fraught with challenges, including the scope of the provisions of the right, the exceptions to the basic principles of the exercise of the right, and the mechanism of non-return processing of private data from one controller to another. The implementation of this right in the Iranian legal system is subject to the implementation of some legislative policies, including the reform of existing laws, the implementation of the infrastructure for the use of IoT tools, public awareness and supervision of competent authorities.