نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 68، بهمن 1400)

The aim of this study was to compare psychological distress (stress, depression, anxiety), mindfulness, and academic self-efficacy among gifted and normal students. The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all first-year high school students in Ardabil in the academic year of 2019-2020. 200 students (100 gifted students - 100 normal students) were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using Levinda Psychological Distress Questionnaire (DASS-21), Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Questionnaire (MASS), and the Jenkins and Morgan Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (ASEQ) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of psychological distress, mindfulness, and academic self-efficacy (P<0.01). Mindfulness and academic self-efficacy of gifted students were significantly higher than normal students and psychological distress of gifted students was significantly lower than normal students (P <0.01). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be stated that the variable of intelligence has an important role in mindfulness, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the  effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on Memory, Selective Attention and Sustained Attention in females with Multiple Sclerosis )M.S(. This is a quasi- experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all females with MS who referred to MS association of Mazandaran and had a medical record between 2019 and 2020 years. 30 subjects have been selected by purposive sampling method, randomly were assigned to three groups (a experimental and a control (waiting for treatment)). Then, the subjects of the experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction in 8 sessions, respectively. The Executive Functions Scale (Nejati, 2013) was used as a research tool in two stages: before and after education for two groups (a experimental and a control (waiting for treatment)). In the end, the findings of the analysis of Covariance showed that approache mindfulness-based stress reduction have led to an improvement in the Memory (F=55.006,p<0.05), Selective Attention (F=74.84,p<0.05),  and Sustained Attention (F=114.89,p<0.05),  in females with M.S. According to the findings of the present study, in the field of treatment and counseling of patients with MS, mindfulness-based stress reduction seems to be very effective and promising.

n this article, attempts to review with a developmental approach to cyberbullying, prevalence and risk and protective factors it. In the present narrative review article, which is done by the method of text research, articles about cyberbullying from 2010 to 2020 were published in the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, Springer, and PubMed databases were extracted and analyzed by searching for keywords for cyberbullying, cyber-aggression, cyber-victimization, cyberbullies, cyber victims, cyberbully-victims, cyber-harassment, and cyber-violence. Out of a total of 812 collected articles, 54 articles including research, review, and meta-analysis articles in the field of the prevalence of cyberbullying and its effective factors at different ages were selected and analyzed qualitatively based on the researcher's inference from sources and texts. Although there is a myriad of protective and risk factors at personality-Individual, family, peer, school, and community levels that are related to involvement in cyberbullying across a wide range of ages, existing research highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of these risk and protective factors. Research is particularly lacking for elementary grades and adulthood. In addition, there is significantly less attention across age groups to protective factors, compared to risk factors. Given the extent and variety of cyberbullying at different ages, the data suggest that policies and programs must be attuned to developmental differences in the nature and prevalence of cyberbullying, as well as the risk and protective factors that are salient for particular age groups.

Cohabitation is an unofficial lifestyle that has been accepted amongst Iranian youth. The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically evaluate cohabitation in the youth of Tehran. The population of this study was all couples (not officially married) between 18 to 40 years old in Tehran who had been living together for at least 6 months until May 2021. The purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select samples (n=10). In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to analyze their experience. In order to analyze the data, the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis method (IPA) was applied. Ten main topics and four core categories were extracted. The main themes of this study were: satisfaction; diminishing religious beliefs; openness to experience; personal independence; globalization; avoidance of marriage; the prelude to marriage; individualism; the role of peers; and functional life. It seems that as the Iranian society undergoes the process of modernization, cohabitation has become a free and at the same time committed form of relationship which is chosen more than ever as an alternative to official marriage by couples in Tehran.

The aim of this research was a prediction of university students' aggression based on corona anxiety, cognitive empathy, and affective empathy.  In regard to the purpose, this research was applicable and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all undergraduate students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 1399-1400 academic year with 18-22 age range that among them 287 students were selected as samples by cluster sampling. Research questionnaires included: Buss and Perry Aggression  Questionnaire (1992), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (2020), and Baron-Cohen Empathy Scale. Data analysis was done by SPSS23 software with Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods. The results showed that corona anxiety, predicts aggression significantly and positively (P = 0.01, Beta = 0.57), and cognitive empathy (P= 0/05, Beta= 0/12) and emotional empathy (P= 0/01, Beta= 0/31) predict aggression negatively and meaningfully. A total of 0.59 of the variance of aggression is explained by corona anxiety, cognitive empathy, and emotional empathy. This study indicates the importance of the protecting role of corona anxiety for aggression and cognitive empathy and affective empathy for inhibition of aggression.

Self-criticism has been introduced as the core pathology of many mental disorders and one of the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Numerous studies have confirmed the significance of self-criticism as a meta-diagnostic construct. In the past, self-criticism was equated with shame and perfectionism, but self-criticism has a more limited definition than perfectionism. Self-criticism is also associated with inner shame. One of the related factors for improving self-criticism is self-compassion which as the main antidote to self-criticism, reduces the negative effects of self-criticism on mental health. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to explain the damage of self-criticism on mental health and also compassion-based strategies in improving self-criticism. It is hoped that with more attention to the concept of self-compassion, more research will be provided for the treatment of self-criticism.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and mental health indices. A total of 510 individuals (381 men, 126 women) participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete the Mental Health Inventory-28 (Veit & Ware, 1983), Tehran Multiple Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2007), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Hierarchical Linear Regression were used to analyze the data. The result showed that perfectionism in all dimensions (self-oriented, other-oriented, socially-prescribed) had a significant negative association with mental well-being and a significant positive association with mental distress (p<0.01). In addition to this, adaptive emotion regulation strategies had a significant positive association with mental well-being and a significant negative association with mental distress but for maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, this relation was reversed (p<0.01). Results also revealed that the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism with mental health indices was merely moderated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (p<0.05). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and mental health indices is not a simple linear one, but this relationship can be moderated by other variables such as maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of spiritual well-being within the relationship between post traumatic growth (PTG) and the meaning of life in COVID-19 survivors In terms of methodology, the study is descriptive, and in terms of objectives, it is fundamental. The population of this research is the entire Corona virus survivors up until the end of Ordibehesht of 1400. 395 participants (281 females and 114 males) were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (1996), The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (2006) and The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (1992).  220 participants out of 395, identified their experience as “a traumatic experience”, therefore they met the qualifications to be included in the study. The data were analyzed using AMOS and LISREL.  The data of the structural equation modeling indicated that PTG had a direct effect on the meaning of life, in addition to its indirect effect through spiritual wellbeing as a mediator. In fact, these people Recreation the meaning of their lives through spiritual well-being. Therefore, it can be expected that the meaning of life of Corona virus survivors will be strengthened and changed through spiritual well-being.

Mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities suffer from psychological problems in the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on fatigue and boredom in mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in the COVID-19 outbreak. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city in 2020. Through convenience Among them, 22 mothers had severe symptoms of fatigue and boredom, which were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The Assessment of Fatigue Scale (AFS; DeVries et al., 2003) and Multidimensional Boredom Scale (MBS; Fahlman et al., 2009) were used for collecting the data. The emotion regulation was trained for the experimental group in 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training during the sessions. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotion regulation training was effective in reducing fatigue and boredom in mothers of children with severe and profound mental disabilities (p <0.05). According to the results, emotion regulation training to reduce fatigue and boredom of mothers of children with severe and profound mental disabilities in the COVID-19 outbreak is recommended.

Coronavirus (COVID 19) has created a public health emergency around the world, and adherence to health protocols is now reported to be the best way to prevent the spread of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of perceived stress, personality traits, and self-efficacy in predicting the observance of health protocols during the Covid 19 pandemic. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all residents in Ardabil in the winter of 1399, 200 of whom were selected using the sampling method available online and through virtual networks and participated in this study. Data collection tools included the standard Scherer and Maddox(GSE)(1982) self-efficacy questionnaires, Cohen et al.'s(PSS-14)(1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the five-factor personality traits of Costa and Macri(NEO)(1992), and the researcher-made Health Protocols Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using Spss 24 software. The results showed that the observance of health protocols with self-efficacy, extraversion, flexibility, pleasantness, and responsibility at a significant level of (p<0.01) had a positive relationship and a negative relationship with perceived stress and neuroticism at a significant level of (p<0.01). Also, 73.6% of the total variance of health protocols was explained based on the variables of self-efficacy, perceived stress, and personality traits. These results show that self-efficacy, perceived stress, and personality traits of individuals play an effective role in adhering to health protocols and psychological care to pay attention to patients' health measures to deal with the disease and reduce stress and stress. They are essential.

The purpose of this study was to predict parenting stress based on meta-parenting, self-compassion, and subjective vitality among mothers of children with hearing impairment. The research method is quantitative and correlational. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with children with hearing impairment in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, 150 of whom entered the study by convenience sampling method. Participants answered the parenting stress index (Abidin, 1995), meta-parenting questionnaire (Hawk and Holden, 2006), self-compassion scale (Neff, 2003), and subjective vitality scale (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between meta-parenting, self-compassion, and subjective vitality with parenting stress (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %66/4 of the variance of parenting stress was explained by meta-parenting, self-compassion, and subjective vitality. The findings of this study show that parenting stress of mothers with children with hearing impairment can be reduced by promoting meta-parenting, self-compassion, and subjective vitality.

COVID-19 is a widespread global health crisis that has serious and harmful consequences for mental health and social relationships. In such conditions, compassion can be a protective factor, and fear of compassion can increase vulnerability to psychosocial distress. Thus, it seems necessary to investigate the factors that may be involved in the fear of compassion for others. The aim of this study was the Prediction of fear of compassion for others in the coronavirus epidemic based on mindfulness and depression, anxiety, and stress. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The study population was residents of Tehran in 2021, and 510 of them participated online through virtual networks. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Antony et al., 1998(, the Mindfulness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), and the Fear of Compassion Questionnaire) Gilbert et al., 2011( were used to collect data. The results revealed a positive correlation between stress, depression, and anxiety components and fear of compassion for others, while mindfulness showed a negative correlation with it (p <0.01). The results of regression analysis also showed that only the stress component of the DASS scale and mindfulness could predict the fear of compassion for others. Hence, considering the present condition and the need for compassion and support in the face of coronavirus disease and vaccination, taking interventions to reduce psychological pathology and improve mindfulness that is involved in the fear of compassion for others can be helpful

The aim of this study was to predict Corona disease anxiety based on cognitive fusion and anxiety sensitivity in men and women in Bandar Abbas. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was all men and women living in Bandar Abbas in 1400, from which 144 people were selected by convenience sampling method.  After obtaining informed consent, individuals were asked to complete the Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI_R) (Peterson and Hilbrunner, 1987), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 1398), and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire(CFQ) (Gillanders et al., 2014). Correlation and simultaneous regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between cognitive fusion and Corona disease anxiety (p <0.05, r = 0.68).  There is a positive relationship between anxiety sensitivity and coronary anxiety (p <0.05, r = 0.73). The results also showed that the combination of research variables was significantly related to corona anxiety and explained 0.44% of its variance (p <0.05, R2 = 0.44). According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that cognitive fusion and anxiety sensitivity are effective on corona anxiety and can act as factors to increase the level of anxiety.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of perceived gender discrimination and identity styles in predicting learned helplessness in girls experiencing home run. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was girls referring to night care centers and shelters in Tehran, District 12 (Shoosh neighborhood) in the first quarter of 1400, from which 120 people were selected by purposive sampling. Research instruments included the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (LHS) (Quinless & Nelson, 1988), the Gender Discrimination Incident Questionnaire (SSE) (Klonoff&  Landrine, 1995), and the Identity Style Questionnaire (ISI) (Berzonsky, 1992). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed perceived gender discrimination (discriminatory events in the past year and throughout life) and confused/avoidant identity style with learned helplessness. A positive and significant relationship and normative, informational, and identity styles with helplessness. Learners had a negative and significant relationship (P <0.05). Also, the regression results showed that discriminatory events during life, discriminatory events during the past year, information identity style, normative identity style, and avoidant/confused identity style 0.52 predict learned helplessness. Given the perceived gender discrimination and identity styles in predicting the learned helplessness learned in girls with experience of running away from home, it seems necessary to conduct workshops based on these concepts for families.

The aim of this study was to predict dental anxiety based on cognitive-attentional syndrome, mental pain, and interoceptive awareness. This study was descriptive research with a correlational design. The statistical population was all adults visiting private practice offices in District 4 of Tehran, Iran (1399). The sample consisted of 213 clients who were selected using convenience sampling. The Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome Questionnaire CAS-1 (Wells, 2009), the Mental Pain Scale MPS (Orbach and Mikulincer, 2003), the Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale IAQ) Mehling, 2012) and dental anxiety Questionnaire DAQ (Corah, 1996) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Results of data analysis showed that cognitive-attentional syndrome (0.14), mental pain (0.40), and interoceptive awareness (-0.21) could predict 33% of dental anxiety in clients (p=0.01). The findings of this study confirmed the role of cognitive-attentional syndrome and mental pain is increasing and the role of interoceptive awareness in reducing dental anxiety, and they could be used to develop therapeutic or preventive interventions for dental anxiety.

Marital sexual violence is considered as one of the unknown examples of violence against women, which is referred to by various interpretations such as marital rape, domestic sexual violence, sexual violence against the wife, and sexual violence in cohabitation. To investigate this type of violence from the perspective of female victims, in this study, the qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used and according to the nature of the research, sampling was done purposefully And continued to the point of theoretical saturation. The study sample consisted of 11 women in Tehran in 1399-1400 who experienced marital sexual violence. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Findings of the study include 1 main theme, Concepts and examples of marital sexual violence 11 sub-themes including dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse, sexual self-centeredness, disregard for the sexual needs of the spouse, sexual illiteracy, sexual humiliation, sexual relationship with violence, imposition of a particular type of sex, high-risk sex, inconsistency in the relationship Sexual, sexual abnormalities and sexual abuse and 30 constructs were conceptualized. The results indicate that the dimensions of marital sexual violence are wide and therefore need to be more aware and pay more attention to this type of violence against women by relevant agencies and organizations.

The main purpose of this research was to design and validate the organizational happiness model of Raja's employees with the foundation data theory approach. The purpose of the research was Fundamental research that was done using qualitative research methods. In this study, in order to collect information, 20 experts in the field of organizational behavior in Raja Company in 2020 were selected by purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews. In the present study, MAX QDA software was used to analyze the data using the Grand Theory (Grounded theory) method with category coding and the Delphi technique. Content analysis of specialized interviews was performed and 19 indicators were identified. Triangular fuzzy numbers were used to fuzzy the views of experts. In fuzzy Delphi screening, the score was not less than 0.7 and as a result, no pivot code was removed. In this research, the category of "job attitude" has been selected as the central category. In other words, other categories are grouped around job attitudes. Respondents referred to concepts such as "citizenship behavior", "job commitment", "job satisfaction", "organizational commitment", "job conflict", "psychological empowerment" and "managerial support" in various quotations. Based on the results of this study, the identified categories should be considered as variables related to the organizational happiness of Raja's employees.

Nightmares can cause general distress and sleep disturbances in the general population and negatively affect their subjective well-being. Knowing the predictors and etiology of recurring and distressing nightmares such as personality and demographic factors can help to understand and treat this disorder. The study population was undergraduate and graduate students of the Islamic Azad University, 300 of whom entered the study using a convenient sampling method. Participants responded to two items of the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire (Schredl, et. al., 2014) on the nightmare frequency and the nightmare distress, the Demographic Questionnaire, and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (Costa, & McCrae, 1992). The Chi-square test and Kendall rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the nightmare frequency has a significant positive correlation with neuroticism and a significant negative correlation with openness to experience. Undergraduate students reported more nightmares than graduate students. Age and gender were not associated with the frequency and distress of nightmares. We explained the findings of this study in the light of the threat simulation theory and Nielsen and Levin’s neurocognitive model. It is suggested that future researchers use clinical interviews to explore further into common features in the life history of people diagnosed with nightmare disorders.

The aim of the present study was to identify the role of mindfulness and corona disease anxiety in predicting the quality of professional life of employed women. The present study is a descriptive correlational study in terms of method. The research population included all employed women, referred to Abhar health centers in the last quarter of 2020, from which 156 people were selected as a sample using a convenience sampling method. The instruments of this study included the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)(Stam, 2010), the Five-Factor Mindfulness Scale (FFMQ)(Bauer et al., 2006), and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale(CDAS)(Alipour et al., 2019). The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and simultaneous regression analysis in SPSS-25 software. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and quality of professional life and a significant negative relationship between corona disease anxiety and quality of professional life (P<0.01). The results also showed that Forty percent of the variance in the professional quality of life can be predicted based on the mindfulness and corona disease anxiety, and Both the mindfulness and corona disease anxiety predict the professional quality of life of working women.  Based on the research results, it can be one of the main priorities of managers, especially welfare organizations in crisis interventions and adopting appropriate strategies such as training of mindfulness skills to reduce anxiety in the workplace and improve the quality of life of employees to promote professional quality of life so that conditions to improve quality of services to be provided.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Hexaco personality dimensions and religious attitudes and moral intelligence in predicting cyberspace injuries in female high school students in Mashhad. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students in Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample size was selected using 228 clusters random sampling method. In this study, Hexaco Personality Questionnaire (Ashton and Lee, 2000), Religious Attitude Assessment (Khodayari Fard et al., 1397), Moral Intelligence (Lenik and Kiel, 2005), and Cyberspace Injuries (Prisoners et al., 2013) were used. Findings were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise multivariate regression. The results showed that none of the components of moral intelligence and religious attitudes had a significant relationship with the harms of cyberspace and among the components of Hexaco personality dimensions only the factor of agreement and compatibility (r = -0.192) with harm فضای Cyberspace has a significant positive relationship (P˂0.05). Also, the results of multiple regression analysis that agreement and adaptation can significantly explain the changes related to loneliness among students (P˂0.05). These results also showed that 12% of the variance of students' cyberspace injuries is explained by Hexaco's personality traits and religious attitudes and moral intelligence. The results of the present study suggest that the personality dimension of agreement and adaptation should be considered in predicting cyberspace injuries in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy on Psychological Capital in Females with Breast Cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with breast cancer who had been referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from June to November and had a medical record.  Among them, 45 females were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in waiting for treatment group and two experimental groups (15 people in each group). The subjects of the first and second experimental groups received Schema Therapy (during 11 sessions) and Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy (during 11 sessions), respectively. the control group (waiting for treatment) did not receive any intervention. For data collection, the Interpersonal Psychological Capital PCQ (Luthans, 2007) was used. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and LSD in SPSS21. The results showed that the schema therapy approach is more beneficial than the short-term dynamic psychotherapy approach on the psychological capital variable (P <0.05). Also, during the six-month follow-up period, both treatments maintained their effect on the psychological capital variable..According to the results of the present study, Schema Therapy can be used to increase Psychological Capital more effectively than Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy in females with Breast Cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between behavioral brain systems and difficulty in regulating emotion with depressive symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes. The present study is a descriptive-correlation study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all patients with diabetes referred to Armaghan specialized clinic in Karaj in 1399 250 people were selected by available sampling method. Data with Revised Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Beck (1961), Carver and White Brain / Behavioral Systems Scale (BIS / BAS) (1994), Graz and Roemer (DERS) Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (2004), And the Denis and Wonder (2010) Psychological Flexibility Inventory (CFI) were collected. Data were analyzed by correlation test and structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between behavioral activation system and cognitive flexibility with depression (P <0.01). There is a positive and significant relationship between the behavioral inhibition system and difficulty in emotion regulation with depression (P <0.01). The modified model also had a good fit. That is, the research model is able to explain the relationship between variables. The results also confirmed the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and difficulty in regulating emotion with depressive symptoms. Reduces the power of depression in diabetic patients.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral self-regulation training on improving impulsivity symptoms, attention, and concentration of students with hyperactivity-impulsivity. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with ADHD in the age range of 9-12 years who were referred to medical centers and students of special schools in Ardabil in the second half of 2020. The number of samples included 30 children in the community who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n =15) groups. The experimental group received 9 sessions of 45-60 minutes of behavioral self-regulation training. In order to collect data, the Self-restraint scale (SRS) (Weinberger and Schwartz, 1990), Toulouse piéron test (TPT) (1986), and Test of Attention (TAD2) (1970) were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) with SPSS22 software. Results showed that behavioral self-regulation training had a significant effect on a decrease in impulsivity symptoms (F= 157.862; P<0.01) and improved attention (F= 38.57; P<0.01) and concentration (F =123/203; P<0.01). The results showed the appropriate scientific capability of self-regulatory educational intervention on improving impulsivity symptoms, attention, and concentration of students with impulsivity-impulsivity.

The aim of this research was to investigate The effectiveness of teaching phenographix method on the level of phonological awareness and attitude to the reading of students with reading difficulties. The study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population includes all students (boys and girls) with reading difficulties, fourth and fifth grades of an elementary school in Aligudarz, who are studying in the academic year 2019-2020, Targeted sampling method of which 30 students (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group was selected as the sample size and randomly. Research tools included  Dastjerdi and Soleimani Phonological Awareness Test (PAT) (1389) and McKenna & Kear (ATQ) (1990) attitudes to reading. Data using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were analyzed. research results show that teaching phenographix techniques increased phonological awareness and improved attitude to reading in students with reading difficulties (p<0/001). Therefore, it can be said that reading is one of the main skills identifying lower elementary students with reading difficulties is essential to solving their problems.

Sports injuries are one of the common crises that have a significant impact on the quality of life of athletes. Athletes do not show the same psychological response to sports injuries, and these reactions are influenced by several factors. This study aimed to identify psychosocial facilitators in the rehabilitation of injured athletes. Statistical Society consisted of all athletes injured in sports activities in Tehran in 1399. 17 participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum diversity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis. After conducting the interviews, 200 initial codes were extracted, and after studying the text, classes were identified by comparing the codes. Findings of this study showed that psychosocial facilitators in returning to the game included two categories of receiving psychosocial support and personality traits. The appropriate psychosocial support class had three subcategories, Including family support, team support, and contact with a psychologist. The next category of psychosocial facilitators in returning to the game was personality traits, which included five categories: self-efficacy, stability, self-compassion, acceptance, and positivity. The results of this study showed that a combination of personality, environmental and social factors related to the mind can facilitate the process of returning to the game. Recognition of these factors, which is appropriate to the social context and real experience of athletes, can be of great use to coaches, sports psychologists and the design of psychosocial rehabilitation packages for these individuals, that is, to help the rehabilitation and recovery process by strengthening facilitators.