فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 97، بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the network society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. It is based on Castells's network society theory.

The present study was qualitative in terms of type of research and has an applied orientation. In this research, the method of thematic analysis has been used in order to discover the concepts related to the network society and the professional identity of Quds Razavi librarians. In order to provide the data needed to analyze and answer the research questions, semi-structured interview tools were used. The sampling method in the present study is non-probability purposeful. The sample size of the present study consists of 14 librarians of Astan Quds libraries. The data obtained from this research have been analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis method.

As a result of analyzing the interviews using thematic analysis method, 5 comprehensive themes of professional roles and goals, how to interact with the global network, spheres of influence, the impact of professional identity from participation in global networks and the effects of librarians' interaction with a networked society on the librarianship profession has been extracted in connection with the role of a networked society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. Also, these 5 comprehensive themes include 15 organizing themes, which have been extracted from 135 basic themes.

According to the research findings, the development of society towards the global network has always been part of librarians' concern about the job threats posed by it. Challenges such as rapid technological change and the proliferation of information that is sometimes unscientific and undocumented, and the diminishing role of books, libraries, and librarians, have raised concerns for librarians. But what is important and plays a significant role in strengthening the sense of identity of librarians is the development of information services and countless service opportunities that will be achieved by improving the skills of librarians and highlighting the role of professional and experienced managers. In other words, with the advancement of technology and global networks, the main mission of libraries and consequently librarians do not change, but with the development of individual competencies of librarians and the development of libraries and library services, not only their professional identity it is not a threat, but only the way in which libraries and librarians operate in the context of digital development, evolving and evolving. Librarians can develop their social and personal communication network as the global network community develops, and by synchronizing information and transferring experiences and providing the necessary training to the audience to participate in these communication networks, librarians can. In this regard, the role of professional, experienced and motivating managers in the sense of identity of librarians is very important. Librarians can help maintain libraries in an ever-changing world of information by developing a social network and expanding voluntary activities in an interactive and collaborative manner nationally and globally.

Due to the inherent features of digital environment, such as the ease of dissemination of information widely and quickly, or the possibility of manipulating digital content by anonymous users, the digital environment and digital libraries pose many challenges to copyright and legislative decision-making to approve new laws and rules. Investigating the issues and challenges of copyright of digital content especially textual resources can help to develop digital libraries. The aim of this research was to identify, determine and prioritize the issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources from the viewpoint of managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran.

The methodology of this applied research was the analytical survey and the total number of managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran was selected as the research population (31 managers). The data were collected through library studies and a questionnaire. First, previous studies and the documentary research method were used to review the fundamental issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources in order to design a questionnaire based on the research model. Then, by reviewing the literature and the basis of the research model, a questionnaire with 60 items and eight sections was developed after validation using expert opinion and reliability verification using Cronbach's alpha method and distributed among 31 managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods by the SPSS and the Smart PLS softwares

The findings showed that from the viewpoints of managers of academic digital libraries' in Tehran, issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources are as follows in order of importance: defective copyright laws, exceptions and fair use, the nature of the digital space, libraries actions, protective and system and network technologies, economy, contract and licenses, and moral considerations. The model validity of the issues and challenges affecting the copyright of digital textual resources was verified using structural and measurement models. Indicators of the nature of digital environment in order of importance were: the ease of unauthorized sharing of copyrighted works simultaneously among multiple users; the ease of scientific and literary manipulation (plagiarism); the ambiguity of responsibility and the right to protect the digital content by digital libraries; the ease of copy and paste of digital texts; the distortion and dissemination of copyrighted materials; the problem of validating the authenticity of digital content; the possibility of unauthorized reproduction at the international level; the inaccurate identification of the production site and the publisher of the work; and failure to identify the provenance and publisher of digital content.

The challenge of defective copyright laws is the most important problem facing the copyright of textual digital resources. Due to the widespread use of digital information resources, there is a strong need to solve problems and challenges related to the defective copyright laws. Therefore, it is important to investigate and resolve issues related to elements and constituents of copyright, including the limitations of copyright for digital libraries due to the legal issues, the challenges of new media and data formats, the need for contracts between publishers and content creators, etc.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of the reading related elements' representation in fictions published in Iran between 2011 and 2016.

Descriptive content analysis carried out for thirty-four of the highest print run titles, both original or translated into Persian. These books have selected among Persian and translated fictions to encoding reading elements such as: reading, studying, book, bookcase, library, librarian etc. To get the quality of the reading-related elements presented in works, some questions were answered while reading the fictions:1) What reading elements are in the story?2) Which books had deep references to reading elements? And does the mentioned element play an effective role in shaping the story? 3) Do characters such as librarians, booksellers, etc. have a positive or negative aspect? Reliability approved by two literature professor and faculty members of Knowledge and Information science. To achieve stability the agreement between coders were calculated.

Among the 18 Persian books only in 12 we can see the reading elements and in the other 6, there are no references to those elements. Quantitatively, 791 codes were identified in 35 fictions. The most frequent code in both groups of works is the concept ‘book (object)’. The lowest frequency in the Persian fictions is ‘bookseller’ and in the group of translated works is ‘library (object)’. The diversity of the main characters of the fictions in the translated titles is significant but limited in Persian fictions. The character of the librarian or the person associated with reading element in Persian works is neutral and has a positive characteristic in the translated works. The influence of reading-related elements on translated works is greater than on Persian fictions. Although the presence of the elements related to reading and studying in both groups of works is weak but, the authors of the translated stories have tried more to use these elements in their works.

While the focus of previous studies is on quantitative side, this study tries to determine the quality of the reading related elements. The presence of the reading elements in both groups of works is not acceptable. According to the current state of representation of reading-related concepts in the reviewed works, it is not expected from the highest print run titles to encourage reading, especially in the group of Persian works. Publishers are advised to publish works that contains reading-related concepts and indirectly improve the reading habits.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the rate of keywords overlapping in the articles with Bibsonomy labels and accepted descriptors in the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) in the Scientometrics journals.

This paper was an applied study based on investigating of overlapping keywords in the articles. The research method is an observational content analysis. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made checklist. In this study, 500 keywords were collected from the published papers from 2017 to December of 2018 as population data (new article keywords) regardless of thematic categorization. It was only aimed to collect the keywords from a specialized source in scientometrics field then entered them into Excel software. So, 50 keywords with more than 1000 frequency on the all three Scientometrics sites were selected as a sample. The samples were surveyed from the point of, frequency of subscriptions with the bibsonomy social site and various dimensions of LCSH. Finally, the results were obtained for analyzing data by the use of descriptive statistics (with the criterion of availability in the sites of the research questions), the percentage of subscription frequency and inferential statistics (non-parametric test and Spearman's correlation). The SPSS software was also utilized.

The 500 extracted keywords from Scientometrics articles were ordered from top to bottom in Excel, and then 50 keywords with high frequency were obtained from the point of availability and frequency in bibsonomy and LCSH, and finally the percentage of their commonalities was obtained. The results showed that there is an 82 percent overlap between the social labels of the Bibsonomy site and the descriptive headings of the LCSH which are related to the same labels. Also، there was a 28 percent overlap between the keywords of scientometrics articles in the Scientometrics Journal and the descriptive headings of the LCSH, with the same related keywords.

The authors did not agree on the choice of keywords in their articles with tags on Bibsonomy and on the LCSH, and the least similarities are also not based on the specific rules. Therefore، it would be better for the authors to use a specific standard in choosing keywords، such as: the topic title of the Congress. In fact, the present study found that the authors made no reference to the LCSH. But, the idea of ​​labeling users on the Bibsonomy site was closer to that of the Congressional Topical Indicators. So, the authors will improve the access to their article by the choice of keywords by the tags of both ranking sites such as Bibsonomy and descriptors of the LCSH.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying implicit and verbal meanings of concepts related to women and family in the Holy Quran.

The current study is an applied research in terms of purpose and is a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analyses with the Delphi approach. The research statistical population, in the quantitative section, includes all verses of the Holy Quran (6236 verses) in 114 suras and in the qualitative section, it comprises 21 experts in the field of Quranic sciences and women and family studies. The sample was first selected through purposive sampling method. 2 experts from each field were identified. Then, they were determined by experts using the snowball method. For data collection and analysis, sample interpretation was used for keyword extraction, MAXQDA software was applied for determining concepts and categories and SPSS 20 was employed for Kendall test.

The concepts related to women were classified into 9 categories and 65 subcategories, which have been verbally and implicitly provided in 88 suras of the Holy Quran. They have been verbally mentioned 168 times in 111 verses of the Holy Quran and have been implicitly stated 1626 times in 501 verses. Family-related concepts were classified into 21 categories and 217 subcategories, which exist verbally and implicitly in 106 suras of the Holy Quran. They have been verbally mentioned 711 times in 435 verses of the Holy Quran and have been implicitly stated 6409 times in 1107 verses. In verbal concepts related to women, “Surah Nisa” with 16 verses and in implicit concepts, “Surah Baqarah” with 36 verses have the most keywords in the field of women. In family-related concepts, most of the keywords belong to “Surah Yusuf” with 39 verbal verses and 69 implicit verses. The checklist prepared by the Delphi technique was approved by experts in Quranic sciences and women and family studies. Kendall test was used to assess the consensus of experts. In the second round, agreement was reached among the members of the expert group on all categories. The W value in all categories is greater than 0.7, which suggests a very high level of consensus among the experts.

The Holy Quran has paid a great deal of attention to the field of women and family. In the field of women, the Holy Quran’s greater emphasis is on the issues and characteristics related to women, exemplary women, girls and praiseworthy characteristics of women. In the field of family, Quran has put stress on children, spouse, father, marriage, brother and mother.

In today's world of business and economics, information that is reused, shared, and exchanged has become a commercial good. Information goods are digital goods that are transmitted through information networks such as the Internet. Information centers are one of the most important publishers of information goods. The pricing of information goods is subject to its conditions and is different from the pricing of other goods and services. Due to the complexity of the concept of pricing of information goods, it is necessary to gather complete information about the effective factors. In this regard, the present study seeks to identify and prioritize these factors.

In the first step, by library study and searching reliable domestic and foreign scientific databases, existing researches in this field are reviewed and a list of effective factors in the pricing of information goods are identified. Based on the mentioned list, a conceptual model and research hypotheses have been developed. A questionnaire was used to collect the data needed to test the hypotheses. The sample includes 220 managers and experts of Iranian information centers who were selected by snowball sampling method. In addition, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-sample t-test, were used to test the hypotheses and the Friedman test was used to rank the factors in SPSS software.

Based on the results, the factors affecting the pricing of information goods are:  Ease of access, ease of purchase, content, usefulness, appropriate supply channel, the existence of a marketing unit, awareness about competitors' pricing methods, publication schedule, and an accurate costing method. The results of the analysis also showed that the order of importance of these factors is: 1- An accurate costing method, 2- Content, 3- Appropriate supply channel  4- Awareness about competitors' pricing methods, 5-The existence of a marketing unit,                                6- Publication schedule, 7- usefulness, 8- Ease of access, and 9- Ease of purchase.

This study, while providing a list of factors affecting the pricing of information goods, shows that an accurate costing method is the most important factor in pricing because the cost calculation in pricing information goods has many complexities. In addition, in this study, based on the findings, some management strategies for effective pricing of information goods have been proposed, the most important of which are: Reduction of activities, complexity, and difficulty of cost calculations in determining the price, Update and accuracy of content, and Create and develop of diverse and secure communication channels with customers.

This research explores the experiences of senior faculty members of Shiraz University. In addition, it designs and illustrates the model of documentation research ideas among senior faculty members.

This is an applied research in terms of objective and To achieve the desired goal, a qualitative approach and a systematic design of Grounded Theory were used. The statistical population of the study includes all retired professors of Shiraz University and also professors who are in the last three years of retirement in this university. 25 faculty members of Shiraz University were interviewed through a semi-structured method. The sampling method of this research is the sequential method of snowball (chain reference). In an introductory interview, the researcher began an interview with a key sample of Shiraz University faculty members who had a wealth of information on the subject; Then, with reference to a series of referrals from the participant in question, request the introduction of other faculty members who were eligible for the interview. Then, the data was analyzed within three stages of coding: open، axial and selective. At last, the findings were drawn in the form of theorems and paradigm model.

Findings showed that the internal and external motivations of idea documentation, including fear of forgetfulness, idea permanence, facilitating the use of the idea and becoming famous, have provided the tendency to document research ideas for faculty members. To document the idea, they used manual and electronic documentation. Also, contextual and environmental conditions Include individual and organizational plans and considerations, and intervening and mediating conditions include respect for intellectual property rights and institutionalization and structuring affected the quality of manual and electronic documentation. There are also two approaches, individual (protection of ideas) and extra-individual (development and maturity of knowledge production, intellectual and information synergy), that are the results and consequences of the process of documenting ideas.

According to the findings, it can be said that achieving organizational goals requires a strong and fundamental organizational culture. Universities as scientific centers really need a rich culture. Therefore , One of the required cultures of universities is the culture of documenting research ideas; so, they should create the culture of documenting research ideas. Also, in order to increase the tendency of faculty members to document research ideas, it is important to provide the necessary context, including the establishment of a separate center for documenting research ideas, training and education of aware and expert manpower; Also, it is necessary to consider appropriate tools for documenting ideas.

Considering the increased growth of the elderly population in the country and their problems in the society, using appropriate programs to empower and improve their health and quality of life would be necessary. A prerequisite for such a measure is to identify the needs and expectations of the elderly. The present study aimed at the prioritization of the needs, expectations and wants of the elderly from public libraries.

This is an applied study conducted using the cross-sectional methodology which sought to assess the needs and expectations of the elderly from public libraries using an author-made questionnaire. The study population includes 303 older adults from all over the country who were selected by available sampling.

The analysis of results showed that the needs and expectations of the elderly from the public libraries can be classified into three general categories: "required information resources", "expected services and programs", and "required equipments and facilities". The result of Friedman's test in order to prioritize the factors showed that there was a significant relation among the means of the mentioned categories. Findings showed that in the "resources" category, the elderly considered the resources related to healthcare, medicine, nutrition and diet and those related to historical stories and novels to be of higher importance, while legal and financial resources were considered to be of lower importance. In terms of services, "respect for the elderly in librarians", "life skills and psychology courses" and "free internet access in the library" were the first three major requirements, while "book-reading sessions, "book reading and critique sessions" were less important. In terms of required equipment and facilities, the presence of elevators, light and "proper lighting" as well as" suitable chairs and furniture in the library" were the four important categories. Meanwhile, introducing the elderly-related services and programs through the library website and audio-visual equipment (video projectors and video screens) were the least important categories. In addition, the results indicated that there was a significant difference between services, programs and information needs of the elderly based on age and gender, while no significant difference was found between the two variables of gender and age of the elderly as well as the category of facilities and equipment.

Identifying and determining the needs of the elderly is a cornerstone for the appropriate services and programs for this age group. Considering the diversity needs of the older adults in different categories included technology, financial, health and medical, and …, it is recommended that the needs of the elderly are taken into account in palnning and designing the appropriate services, collaborative programs and facilities by Iran Public Libraries Foundation and related libraries with cooperation among the stakeholders of the elderly in order to promote quality services permanently. Public libraries should synchronize the services and the real needs and expectations of the older adults and should try to deliver quality services, providing related information resources, programs and acquiring appropriate equipments and facilities for them.

One of the most important identifiers that users of any information system use in their searches is the author name identifier. Therefore, the designers and managers of any information system are always looking to improve the quality of content retrieval based on the search for the author's name. The content of information repositories and the quality of service delivery in them is affected by the quality and manner of storing and retrieving personal names. The purpose of this article is to investigate the problems and challenges of searching for the names of individuals in academic organizational repositories from its practical aspect.

In order to investigate the practical challenges of searching for researchers in the organizational repository of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, the evaluation and observation methods were used. In this method, performance measurement, which is a more specific type of evaluative research, is used. Accordingly, in this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of the search engine of the reservoir system of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in order to search for the names of ambiguous persons.

Despite the relatively small amount of information in this repository compared to very large organizational repositories, a search based on the name of the author in this organizational repository showed that there are issues and challenges related to name retrieval in this repository. A high percentage of similar surnames indicated that users had to be aware of people's first and last names in addition to surnames in many searches. About 40 percent of the names were multi-part or compound, which for various reasons lead to irrelevant or less relevant retrieving.

Given that all the ambiguous names extracted from the researchers' Name List in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad repository were searched in order to examine the performance of the search, the result indicated that there were challenges in searching for the names of individuals and the designed system could not display related results. In general, it can be said that the organizational repository of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, when searching for the ambiguous names, has problems and confusion due to the similarity of the individual' names, or due to language problems and It's spelling. Authority control of the names of the researchers nationally and internationally is one of the most important and effective ways out of the challenge of the name searching. It is necessary to ask researchers to enter their information carefully in comprehensive systems and librarians to manually control the authority of their names. In this way, a national system of authority control of Iranian researchers in Persian and English languages emerges, which can have many uses and solve the problems of searching by name to a large extent.

Stakeholders of the organization as those who influence and are affected by it have an important role in the policy-making and planning of the organization. However, not all stakeholders have the same level of interest and power in relation to the organization. So it is necessary to rank them according to these two factors and determine the organization's priority in dealing with them. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the stakeholders of Iran public libraries and to determine how to interact appropriately with each of them.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative and exploratory in terms of approach. Two methods of documentary analysis and survey have been used to conduct research. First, the potential stakeholders of public libraries were identified by referring to the relevant texts. Experts were then consulted to prioritize the stakeholders. The research community was 50 experts in the field of public library. 41 of the identified experts completed a questionnaire on the interest/power of public library stakeholders. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of this instrument. The result of this test was 0.926 and as a result, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. After collecting the questionnaires, the findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and finally a discussion and conclusion was made.

Among the 24 identified stakeholders, the Board of Trustees of the Public Libraries Foundation, staff managers, librarians, provincial managers, staff experts, donors, and public library associations in the provinces and counties, were identified as key stakeholders with high interest and low power. Members and patrons, residents of the public library service area, scientific or trade associations, and sellers of library equipment were identified as high-interest, low-power stakeholders. The government and the legislature, municipalities and rural offices, the public media and cyberspace were identified as stakeholders with the high power and low interest. Other stakeholders, including librarian training universities, publishers, digital and audio book platforms, authors of works collected in public libraries, schools, the National Library, mosques, and bookstores, were placed in the fourth category with low power and interest.

Iran Public Libraries Foundation, as the director of public libraries in this country, can interact with each of the stakeholders in proportion to the position of it in the interest/power matrix, in a way that brings the most benefit and the least harm. Because key stakeholders have high power and interest, they must be carefully managed and interacted with seriously and effectively. However, the interaction of public libraries with stakeholders should not be limited to key stakeholders, and appropriate strategies are needed for optimal interaction with other stakeholders. Informing stakeholders about the activities of public libraries, involving stakeholders in the affairs of public libraries, and satisfying high-powered stakeholders are some of the strategies that public libraries can use in interaction with other groups of stakeholders.