پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال ششم شماره 13 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Dignity is basic concept in religious, ethics, and psychological texts and is considered a determining basis for human elevation and growth. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model of dignified man according to religious sources and seeks to identify characteristics of the dignified man in Islamic sources. The research method was qualitative content analysis and was based on psychological understanding of religious texts. The results showed that there are two characteristics of pudency and patience are the fundamental characteristics of dignified behavior in three areas: confronting with possibilities; confronting with needs; and inter-personal relationships. On the basis of the proposed model there are characteristics for each of three areas such as: contentment in confronting with possibilities area; generosity, beneficence, and sacrifice in confronting with needs; and good-temperedness, thankfulness, loyalty, forgiveness in inter-personal relationships. These characteristics induce dignified behavior in all of these areas. Hence the existence of these behavioral characteristics makes a model of psychologically healthy man who is bale to confront with difficulties.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of giving meaning to suffering education based on integrated monotheistic treatment on increasing the resilience of mothers with children with disabilities. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental method using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with one or more disabled children in Yazd. Using the available sampling method, 30 people were selected as a sample and allocated in two groups of 15 (experimental and control). Participants answered the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages. Meaningful training in suffering with an integrated monotheistic approach was provided to the members of the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90-120 minutes. Finally, the research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that teaching meaning to suffering, based on the Islamic view, and with the approach of integrated monotheistic treatment has been effective in increasing the resilience of mothers with disabled children. Based on the research results, it is suggested that medical centers and institutions pay attention to this training in promoting resilience of mothers.

The purpose of this study is to make an analytical comparison between the concepts of the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego in psychoanalysis and levels of the soul in Islamic teachings with the method of qualitative analysis of texts and the observance of rules and criteria of interpretation. This is an interdisciplinary approach. One of the results of this research is the study of a conceptual model for the levels of the soul based on philosophical, mystical and interpretive approaches and its comparison with the threefold structure of personality in psychoanalysis. It can also provide a paradigm for a better understanding of the psychological concept of Psychic Apparatus: The soul and the revealed soul or “nafs mulhama” can be considered as two areas of the soul with the Id, the wise soul or “snaf aqila” with the Ego and the “nafs lawwama” or soul of the merciful and the evil is equivalent with the Super ego. In psychoanalysis, there is no conceivable correspondence for the levels of self-confidence, one whom God is pleased with, and satisfied due to the differences in the anthropological foundations.

The purpose of this study was to predict social well-being based on Islamic lifestyle and social skills in the people of Isfahan. The research design was a quantitative, descriptive and correlational and the statistical population included all people living in Isfahan. The sample was selected in such a way that the city of Isfahan was divided into five parts and 60 people from each region were randomly selected from public places. The research tools were Keys and Shapiro Social Welfare Questionnaire, Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire and Rigo Social Skills Questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression was used. In this study, the results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between social well-being and its dimensions with Islamic lifestyle and there is a significant positive relationship between social well-being and its dimensions with social skills. Islamic lifestyle and social skills predicted scores of social well-being in the people of Isfahan.

Eriksen's theory of psychological and social development is one of the most famous theories of development and personality. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of religion and spirituality in Eriksen's theory and to evaluate his theory based on Islamic sources. The research method is content analysis, based on which Islamic and related psychological sources have been analyzed. Findings from the analysis of psychological and religious texts indicate that religion and spirituality play an important role in human development. Eleven Anthropological assumptions can be deduced in Eriksen's theory, which in many cases are in line with Islamic anthropological assumptions. Another finding is that out of the eight stages, three stages (trust versus distrust, identity versus identity loss, and integration versus despair) of Eriksen's psychological and social stages are specifically related to religion and spirituality. This issue has also been confirmed based on Islamic sources.

Social adjustment in young people is the most important sign of mental health, which is itself affected by several factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations of religious orientation and optimism with social adjustment in students of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University. This research is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2019 with the participation of 200 students of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University using available sampling. Data collection tools were Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire, California Social Adjustment Questionnaire and Attribution Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptive (frequency, mean, percentage) and analytical tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression).The results showed that there was a significant relationship between religious orientation with social adjustment and optimism with social adjustment in Kermanshah Islamic Azad University students. Also, religious orientation and optimism were able to predict %11.7of the variance in social adjustment scores. It can be inferred that religious orientation and optimism have relationships with social adjustment in students.