Chemical Methodologies
Volume:6 Issue: 6, Jun 2022

The demand for ceramic products for orthopedic applications is increasing due to the lowest rate of wear. A fourth-generation ceramic (BIOLOX delta; CeramTec.) consists of 82 wt. % Al2O3, 17 wt. % (1.3 Yttria Stabilized ZrO2), 0.5 wt. % strontium oxide, and 0.5 wt. % chromium oxide. It has good mechanical properties compared to the other generations of ceramics (BIOLOX forte and pure alumina), which may increase the range of movement and decrease the rate of dislocation. This ceramic composite (delta) has a smaller grain size (0.6 μm) than previous alumina composites (1.8 μm). So, this paper tries to obtain the smallest grain size on the scale of nanometers to improve biolox properties and good distribution for its components. By the sol-gel method, the BIOLOX delta was prepared from the gel precursor and sintering at 1100 °C for 2 h in the oven. The heat-up rate was 5 °C/min. As-obtained particles were characterized before and after sintering temperature using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The dried powder which was obtained consists of phases, γ-Al2O3, θ-Al2O3, and δ-Al2O3, while ZrO2 is found as (t + m) ZrO2 after calcination and the obtained average grain size was (10.94 nm).

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a reiterated kind of organ injury in acute heart failure (AHF). As for data collection, AKI markers of serum and urine were applied for both proenkephalin (S-PENK and U-PENK) and interlocune-18(S-IL-18 and U-IL-18) in AHF. The study aimed to evaluate the competency of (S-PENK and U-PENK) and (S-IL-18 and U-IL-18) to prognosticate acute kidney injury in AHF patients. Modern studies indicate that Proenkephalin (PENK) is produced in kidneys, muscles, lung, intestine, heart, and central nervous system. The cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) is involved in the detection of AKI in AHF patients. Serum and urine PENK and IL-18 levels for all healthy and AHF patients were tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results notably revealed that serum PENK and urine PENK level increased considerably with disease severity and were quite compatible with those who reported higher mean serum PENK and urine PENK in patients diagnosed with AHF in comparison to the healthy control group. The results of this study suggest that S- PENK, U PENK, S-IL-18, and U-IL-18 can be useful potential biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI in patients AHF. In conclusion, the level of PENK and IL-18 is significantly increased in AHF, suggesting that PENK and IL-18 are a good indicator for detection of AKI in patients AHF.

Synthesis of a new series of poly (N-substituted-maleimide-co-2,5- substituted-1,3.4-oxadiazole) was carried out. The first step includes preparation of copoly imine by reaction of different aldehydes with copoly acid hydrazide (1-15). The second step indicated the reaction of copoly imine with iodine in the presence of K2CO3 to give poly (N-substituted-maleimide-co-2,5-substituted-1,3.4-oxadiazole). All prepared compounds were characterized by softening points, FT-IR, and some of them by 1H-NMR and TGA, and then their Biological application was studied and some of the physical properties.

The new liganed Schiff base named [(E)-3-hydroxy-4-((3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)amino) naphthalene-1- sulfonic acid] was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyldehyde and 1-amino-2-aphthol-4-sulfonic acid in equal molar ratio. A series of new metal complexes' of the common molecular formulation [M(L)2(H2O)2].H2O are synthesized and characterized by IR, UV–Vis spectra,  mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analyses, chloride content, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements as well as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA, DSC). Consistent with results of the magnetic and spectral studies, the advised geometrical structures for all of the prepared complexes have been octahedral formula.

The crystal structure of quinoline derivative with empirical formula (C18H21N3O7) was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction, which belongs to the monoclinic system with the P21/c space group. The cohesion and stabilization of the structure were provided by C-H…O hydrogen bond and Van-Der Waals interactions. A molecular docking study was performed to determine its antiviral potency between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID: 6Y2E) and chloroquine was chosen as a standard because of its similarity with our synthetic quinoline-based compound. Six herbal compounds and synthetic drugs bound to the active site of the target in order to compare their results with synthetic quinoline-based compound. This synthetic compound showed the lowest binding energy of -7.6 kcal.mol-1, proving that this molecule seems to be a good candidate against the SARS-CoV-2.

4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-isaxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, a new azo (LH) ligand, was synthesized by reacting the diazonium salt of Sulfamethoxazole with coupling compound 3-amino phenol. Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H &13C-NMR, and LC-Mass) as well as micro elemental analyses (C.H.N.O) and TGA and SDC were used to identify the azo ligand. Complexes of (Zn(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and VO(II)) were produced and characterized by atomic absorption, elemental microanalysis, infrared, LC-Mass, TGA, DSC and UV-Vis spectral techniques, as well as conductivity and magnetic quantifications. All the complexes had a 1:2 metal-ligand ratio, and non-electrolytes at all complexes and tetrahedral geometry suggested except Cr-complex, which demonstrated octahedral and VO-complex that demonstrated Square pyramidal. The results of the thermal decomposition indicated the presence of coordinated water molecule for only Cr-complex. The biological activity of some prepared compounds against two types of bacteria and four types of fungi was also studied, suggesting varying inhibition values.

This study aims to prepare the nanoparticles of polyacrylic polymer by emulsion method using inorganic phase water and organic phase chloroforms to mixture these phases by surfactant cetyltri methyl ammonium bromide (CTABr) and doping the polymer with Schiff base compounds to improve the properties of the polymer. The Schiff base from azomethene derivatives [A1-A2] have been synthesized from the reaction of isatin with hydrazine once and with ethyl-4-aminobenzoate one more time, however the Schiff base A3 has been synthesized from 3,4-Dimethoxy benzylidene with hydrazine. The structures of polymer nanoparticles were identified by using X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD) to calculate crystallite sizes (D), and study the surface forms, morphology, and diameters of polymer nanoparticles by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) technology. In addition, the Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized to characterize the functional groups of polyacrylic nanoparticle and Schiff base syntheses. Likewise, the Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-NMR) and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopic were used to determine Schiff base syntheses.