Chemical Methodologies
Volume:6 Issue: 5, May 2022

Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic properties, while C-reactive protein (CRP) is a systemic inflammation marker. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between adiponectin and CRP with glycemic, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and blood pressure parameters in gestation. Ninety pregnant women were divided into three groups including: Thirty pregnant women in their first trimester (G1 group), another thirty pregnant women in their third trimester (G2 group) and thirty non-pregnant women (C or control group). All subjects had been fasting for ten hours before blood samples were drawn. The concentrations of serum adiponectin, serum CRP, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, alanine amine-transferase, aspartate amine-transferase, and blood pressure parameters were assessed. The results showed that serum adiponectin significantly decreased in gestation in G1 group (p<0.01) and non- significantly in G2 group in comparison to the C group. CRP continuously increased from G1 to G2 groups (p<0.01) in comparison to C group. In G1 group, there was a significant increase in fasting serum insulin. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), systolic blood pressure and alanine amine-transferase significantly increased (p<0.05) in G1 group compared with C group. The homeostasis model assessment for β cell function (HOMA2-β) and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased (p<0.01) in G1 group in comparison with C group. In G2 group, BMI, BF %, FSI, HOMA2-β, HOMA2-IR, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid parameters were significantly increased (p<0.01) in comparison to C group, while aspartate amine-transferase significantly changed (p<0.05) when compared with C group. This study showed that the early decrease in serum adiponectin and its late correlation with high density lipoprotein might be an adaption mechanism to protect maternal system against high triglycerides level in third trimester.

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using natural products has recently attracted a lot of interest. The present study has investigated anti-biological activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized biological by Iraqi propolis extract. ZnO NPs are well-known nanoparticles that are cost-effective, non-toxic and biocompatible. The antioxidant of ZnONPs was determined by using the free radical 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay, with different concentrations of the NPs. The results exhibited that with scavenging activity, the highest scavenging at 400µl/ml reached 74.70%, compared with ascorbic acid, which was used as standard at the same concentration reaching 77.56% (P≤0.05). The evolution of IC50 was 164.31 to ZnONPs compared with ascorbic acid IC50 =111.42. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnONps was determined by using a disk diffusion assay. The results indicated effective antibacterial activity both in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in different concentration.

Synthesis of new Schiff base ligand (L) from sulfamethoxazole with tenoxicam in mole ratio 1:1. The metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of (CoCl2.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O CuCl2 .2H2O) with Ligand in mole ratio 2:1 (L:M). The characterization of all synthesized compounds carried out by spectral methods such as ultra violet and visible radiation (UV-Vis), infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance of protons (1H-NMR), thermal analyses (TG, DTG) and atomic absorption (AAS) as well as melting point (m.p) measurement, micro elemental analysis (CHNS), magnetic susceptibility measurement and determination of chloride content. The suggested geometries of all complexes were octahedral. All complexes were electrolyte and paramagnetic. All of the synthesized compounds were found to be anti-bacterial and anti-fungal against bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia (G-) and Staphylococcus aurus (G+) as well as fungi rizopussporium. Also anti-cancer property of the ligand was tested.

The purpose of this study is to combine FIA and AFM to explain surface morphology utilizing a newly developed instrument, the NAG-4SX3-3D analyzer. The study is dedicated on a new approach for determining fluconazole drug via reaction with phosphomolybdic acid as a precipitating agent to obtain a sufficient amount of weight (pale yellow precipitate) for the AFM sample and determine through the roughness parameters. The main advantage of the proposed approach lies in its ability in determining number of nanoparticles that can occupy the empty surface area starting from the 1st ground monolayer calculates the unoccupied surface area and determines the nanoparticles concentration which participated on the surface. Thus, a microfluidic flow system is proposed for continuous synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical reaction of precipitation reagent with the pharmaceutical active ingredients. The flow system allows the nanoparticles synthesis in a smooth manner without clogging. All of the flow injections conditions (physical and chemical) were examined and fixed. The average diameters of drug is 62.02 nm, Grain No. 306, Roughness Average 2.76, peak to peak = 14 nm, ten point height = 13.9 nm, and surface kurtosis = 2.2 for surface area of scanned section with a dimension of 2362369 nm2.

The aim of the study was to produce a Polyvinyl chloride-based membrane containing a polymer imprinted with a valproic acid molecule which was directly coated on a graphite electrode to determine the amount of valproic acid in aqueous samples. With the dispersion of molecularly imprinted polymer particles in dioctyl phthalate plasticizer as a solvent mediator, this potentiometric sensor was designed and after that it was embedded in a polyvinyl chloride matrix. The designed electrode showed a near-Nernstian slope of 54.1 ± 1 mV decade-1 in the concentration range of 10-6-10-2 M and a detection limit of 10-6 M with a response time of about 40 seconds for valproic acid and can be used for 2 months without divergence changing the potential. The fabricated electrode, in the pH range among 3.5-8.5, indicates the good sensitivity to valproic acid relative to the other ions. Finally, this electrode can be used as an indicator electrode in determining the concentration of valproic acid in valproic acid tablets.

In this study, Schiff base derivatives were reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate and chloroacetic acid to give diazetidine-2-thione and oxazolidinone derivatives. The Schiff base derivatives containing the 2-mercabto benzothiazole moiety were obtained via reaction of a different aromatic aldehyde with 2-(benzothiazol-2-ylthio) acetohydrazide. Furthermore, 2-(benzothiazol-2-ylthio) acetohydrazide were obtained via reaction of 2-mercabto benzothiazole with ethyl chloroacetate, then with hydrazine hydrate. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized via spectral data (FT-IR and 1H-NMR). The antibacterial activity was studied against examples of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

New bisimide derivatives, low molecular compounds with π-π* conjugated system consisting of a pyromellitic diimide core and imine linkages were synthesized by Schiff bases reactions, the studied compounds were prepared from N,N'-bis amino pyromellitic diimide which was condensed with different derivatives of aldehydes, the materials show a high melting point and some above 300 ◦C depended intramolecular attractive and the Vander Waals attraction between various substituent groups. The optical properties of the prepared compounds were investigated by UV–vis measurement. The prepared compounds showed the highest intensity with maximum absorbance at 243-908 nm. In all studied molecules, the electrochemically estimated theoretical HOMO level is in the range of -7.515 to -7320 eV, whereas the LUMO level is close to 7.219 eV and -5.889 eV. The estimated compounds exhibited low electrochemical band gap (<2 eV).