مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the survival of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Various studies have shown the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to COVID-19 hospital. However, the predictors of the results are still unclear. Our objective was to investigate the presence of potential risk factors associated with disease severity progression in the natural history of COVID-19.

The present study is a retrospective monocentric study. In which part of patients with Covid-19 South Khorasan who are hospitalized in Valiasr Hospital in Birjand (except for patients who are in the very first stage of triage, in a very severe stage of the disease). They were examined and their symptoms were recorded. The information of patients who enter a very severe and critical stage of the disease and are transferred to intensive care units will be separated and patients will be divided based on clinical indicators. Finally, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data from 111 patients admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand were collected and analyzed with the approval of COVID-19 laboratory and the data collected from discharged and critically ill patients were compared.

Of these 111 patients, 93 were discharged and 18 entered the acute phase of the disease. The number of lymphocytes (0.56 G / L vs. 1.3 G / L was lower in the exacerbated group than in the discharged group. The number of involved lung lobes was 5 vs. 4). Multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity [ (OR) 52.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6–776.41], Sex (OR 24.8, 95% CI 1.8–342.1) were independent risk factors for disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Our results also show that CT intensity score is associated with the level of inflammation, and older age, higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CT intensity score at the time of hospitalization are other independent risk factors affecting the short-term progression of the Covid virus. 19 are in these patients.

The results of this study facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients. These findings can be useful in predicting the risk of progression in patients with COVID-19 at the time of admission. A CT scan may help classify the risk.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease in Iran. Failure to treat the disease requires the use of effective medicinal plants. Different species of Artemisia have anti leishmania activity. The aim of this study was to study effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed on Promastigote and Amastigote of leishmania major in vitro.

In this study, the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri was prepared. The concentration of Artemisia aucheri was 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml to investigate on promastigote and amastigote of Leishmania major. The effects of concentrations on leishmania promastigotes, non-infected macrophages and amastigote-infected macrophages were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry tests. The effect of the extract on apoptosis in promastigotes was investigated by flow cytometry.

In this study, the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri was prepared. The concentration of Artemisia aucheri was 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml to investigate on promastigote and amastigote of Leishmania major. The effects of concentrations on leishmania promastigotes, non-infected macrophages and amastigote-infected macrophages were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry tests. The effect of the extract on apoptosis in promastigotes was investigated by flow cytometry. IC50 of extract was 37.5 µg /ml for promastigotes. At this concentration there was a 50% inhibition of growth.

Aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri seed had good activity in destroying Leishmania major promastigotes in culture and Leishmania major amastigotes in macrophages and the extract was able to induce apoptosis in 9.28% of promastigotes.

Mesalazine (MSZ, 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid i s an anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used to treat mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis,This study aimed to develop a novel sustained release system for mesalazine (MSZ) by preparing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs).

Complexes of MSZ with modified β-CD was prepared by chitosan nanoparticles (CS). and characterized by using UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM and 1HNMR. Calculations of the relationships of the formation of modified complexes and their application were performed using UV-vis spectroscopic data analysis.

Phase-solubility analysis showed AL-type diagram with beta-CD,. according to the Higuchi and Connors method, is Kstab = 696.462 M−1. The in vitro tests showed that the formation of the inclusion complex increase in the 2,2՜-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) radical-scavenging capacity compared to the free MSZ at the same concentration.

The results revealed that Under the optimized parameters, the resultant MSZ/β-CD-CS NPs were found to be nano-spheres with small particle size and high drug loading efficiency. Conclusively, the MSZ/β-CD-CS NPs exhibited vast potential for developing novel delivery system of MSZ with a sustainedrelease profile.

Diabetes or diabetes, the most common and debilitating human diseases that can cause serious problems for organs. One of the problems with treatment-resistant chronic wounds and that usually is detectable in the foot. This complication called diabetic foot Diabetic foot. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract on wound healing, diabetic BlackBerry male Wistar rats.

In this study, 48 Wistar albino rats into four groups (control, sham, experimental, experimental) groups. The groups tested ways with a length of 3 cm on the left spine injuries have created. Process of wound healing was evaluated macroscopically.

Wound healing in group that became diabetes using streptozocin, showed late recovery compared to normal wound healing in normal groups and wound healing in experimental groups treated with BlackBerry was accelerated compared to control group.

The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract the BlackBerry accelerated wound healing and healthy skin samples from diabetes.

Inflammation in tissues is one of the factors associated with cancer. Interleukins secreted by helper T cells such as IL4 with a dual role can be effective in cancer. In this study, the relationship between rs2227284 (-33T / G) and rs2243250 (-589C / T) polymorphisms of the interleukin IL4 gene and the risk of prostate cancer was investigated.

100 blood samples from patients with prostate cancer and 100 samples from healthy individuals in the same age range were selected after approval by a specialist. The DNA of the samples was extracted by salting out method and their purity was confirmed by spectrophotometer and gel. Then, the polymorphisms in the gene were examined using RFLP-PCR technique. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 with chi-square and logistic regression tests.

CC mutant genotype in rs2227284 polymorphism showed a significant relationship between cancer and healthy groups. (P.V: 0.001, OR: 2.976, CI95%: 1.569-5.644). Also, both this polymorphisms with age over 60 years, body mass index above 25 had a statistically significant relationship but did not show a relationship with smoking. None of the polymorphisms were associated with cancer stage and Gleason score.

The rs2227284 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer, and both polymorphisms were significantly associated with prostate cancer in those over 60 years of age and those with a higher body mass index. Confirmation of this requires further studies in a larger population.

The process of implantation, a critical phenomenon in early development of embryo, is result of regulated reciprocal interaction between receptive endometrium and competent embryo. This dialogue is mediated by cell surface molecules, components of extracellular matrix and both embryo and endometrium secreted substances such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones and extracellular vesicles. Intensive recent studies introduce secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel mediators in intercellular communication. MiRNAs are endogenous small single-stranded non-coding RNAs which involved in regulating post-transcriptionally target genes and influencing various intracellular processes. These molecules can be secreted and delivered into recipient cells where they affect host cellular events through target gene suppressing. Inthis regard, we reviewed the role of miRNAs in trophoblast cell differentiation, blastocyst secreted miRNAs in interaction with endometrium and regulation of implantation. In infertility treatment through assisted reproductive techniques, clinician needs to non-invasive strategies for exploring the criteria to select the best in vitro-produced embryo for transfer into uterine and achieving pregnancy. Here, we also reviewed potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for selecting of competent embryos to transfer into uterine during infertility treatment such as in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Gentamicin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) has been commonly used as a suitable animal model to research acute kidney failure in an experimental study. The sulfur dioxide (SO2), a sulfur-containing gas that considered a common air pollutant, has antioxidant effects in mammals. In this study for reducing the functional and tissue damage we use SO2 as an antioxidant agent.

Rats (n=52) were randomly assigned to four groups: 1- Sham group, 2- Gentamicin (GM) group (100 mg/kg, i.p) 3- GM + SO2 group (5 μg/kg i.p) and 4- GM + SO2 group (10 μg/kg i.p). 24-h urine samples, blood and renal tissues were collected in day eighth.

Gentamicin injection led to increase in fractional excretion of Na and K, Plasma BUN and Cr and decrease in Urine flow rate and Cr clearance compared with sham group. In addition, renal tissue MDA was increased and a Glutathione (GSH) level was decreased. SO2 injection with dose of 5 μg/kg had no statistically significant changes in BUN, fractional excretion of Na and MDA. In this group Cr and fractional excretion of K were decreased and Urine flow rate, Cr clearance and GSH were increased compared with GM group. SO2 injection with dose of 5 μg/kg caused increase in Urine flow rate, Cr clearance and renal tissue GSH and decrease in BUN, Cr, fractional excretion of K and Na and renal tissue MDA in contrast with GM group. Treatment with SO2 (5 and 10 μg/kg) significantly reduces apoptosis cell death in renal tissues compared to the GM group.

SO2 partly protected the kidneys from gentamicin induced acute kidney injury.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage usually occurs in the context of ruptured cerebrovascular aneurysm. Cerebrovascular events are a rare complication of vaccination against Quid 19. In the present study, a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage was reported in a patient without a previous history, shortly after the injection of the Sinofarm vaccine.

A 76-year-old female patient with no previous history of disease with a complaint of sudden headache and nausea, 3 days after receiving the second dose of Covid 19 vaccine with Sinofarm vaccine, referred to the emergency department of a hospital in South Khorasan province. At the time of admission, the patient was fully conscious and the initial tests included blood cell counts and coagulation tests in the normal range. The patient was requested for further examination and for CTA for cerebral aneurysm.

After CTA, evidence of SAH was seen in the patient.

This study showed a potential link between cynopharm vaccine injection and the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is crucial to find the possible side effects of vaccines and to investigate their relationship.