International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

The global outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV2) threatens human health around the world. The presence of the SARSCOV2 virus on surrounding surfaces and protective equipment such as respirators increases the transmission of the virus. One way to reduce the spread of the virus is through disinfection techniques. The aim of this study is to review the investigations carried out in the area of the ultraviolet (UV) effect on the SARS-CoV2 virus, the UV disinfection spectra, the effect of this radiation on surface disinfection and the N95 respirator.

The search was carried out from December 2019 to August 2020 in the databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Pubmed with the keywords UV and Covid19, UV and Sars-Cov2, UV and Covid19 as well as UV and sars-Cov2. By checking the titles and abstracts of the articles, based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, related articles were separated from the irrelevant ones and also duplicate articles were eliminated.

This study showed that UV light generally has antiseptic properties and were effective against SARS-Cov2 virus, so it could eliminate Covid-19 virus and similar types of viruses on the surfaces and respiratory masks. The typical wavelength used in the studies was 254 nm.

The results of this study revealed that UV can be used to disinfect surfaces, respiratory masks and it helps us choose appropriate spectra of this radiation, especially during Covid-19 pandemic, however, the current studies in this field are insufficient and further studies are needed.

Musculoskeletal pain is widespread preventive problem in adolescence and have many consequences for their working life and the future of society. This study with the aim of evaluation of evidences on preventable risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in adolescents was performed.

In this study, databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, and Google Scholar were examined. in the period from 2010 to 2020. Totally, 22 articles were included in the study, the selectedcases were thoroughly studied and finalized.

This study showed that there are several preventable risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in adolescents, such as low physical activity, psychological factors, unhealthy sleep patterns, ergonomic position at home and school, unproper posture while using digital media, smoking, unhealthy eating, and lack of awareness and appropriate training platforms that have an influential role in musculoskeletal disorders.

Considering the role of various preventable risk factors in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in adolescence, it seems that the participation and common approach of all influential people in providing the desired infrastructure and conditions in the home, school, and community is essential. However, it is suggested that more research be done on other factors affecting the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in adolescents.

Music students are more at risk for musculoskeletal pain than their peers. Improper posture during playing is a key factor causing musculoskeletal pain in propose group. The aims of study were to assess musculoskeletal pain and postural behavior, and to obtain the related factors with the presence of musculoskeletal pain among music students. 

A conservatory-based cross-sectional study was performed from October 2021 to November 2021 through convenience method. Data (demographic characteristics and pain level) were collected using a self-report questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating (NPR) scale and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) respectively. Music students’ postures were assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Data was analyzed using SPSS, version 24.0. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. Correlation and chi-square tests were applied to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and study variables. The significant level was considered at <0.05. 

The results showed that 150 (56.2%) participants presented at least one symptomatic region in the last seven days. The most frequent areas of pain were the neck, shoulders, lower back and wrists/hands. Female students have reported musculoskeletal pain (P=0.047) and pain intensity (P=0.006) more than male students. Students who played more times per week (P<0.001) or had improper posture behavior (P=0.019), have reported musculoskeletal pain significantly. There was no significant relationship between history of playing, types of instruments, and age with pain. 

Finding showed that musculoskeletal pain was a major health problem among music students. This study highlights the need to providestrategies to prevent playing-related musculoskeletal pain among music students.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of pain anxiety symptoms based on pain perception with the mediating role of mental pain in in patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.

This research is a cross-sectional study in which descriptive– correlational method was applied. The study population was all musculoskeletal patients in Tehran, Iran in 2021. In present study, 300 musculoskeletal patients were selected via candidate sampling method. They completed the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (2018), Melzack McGill Pain Questionnaire (1975) and Paknejad et al. Pain Anxiety Symptoms (2014). Pearson correlation & bootstrap test were used to analyze data through SPSS-22.

There was significant negative relationship between pain perception and mental pain and conversely and significant direct positive relationship between pain perception and pain anxiety symptoms (P0.01>). Moreover, itwas shown the mediating role of mental pain in the relationship between pain perception and pain anxiety symptoms in patients with musculoskeletal pain. 

To conclude, based on the results, it could be argued that pain is affected by mental components and if the psychological reasons are relieved, the pain will be perceived less severe.

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are one of the leading causes of job disability and absenteeism. Various occupational factors may increase the risk of developing WMSDs among individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) and determine the role of the occupational factors in the prevalence of WMSDs among individuals.

We conducted this study in 2022 on 100 employees of an automotive industry in Kerman province in Iran. We used TheBackward-Forward to translate the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Intraclass Correlation (ICC) Coefficient were used for reliability, and Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) tests were used for validity determination. To analyze the data, we used the SPSS-22. To evaluate the differences in demographic characteristics and questionnaire answers between the two groups, the T-test, and chi-square test were used.

The most WMSDs were in waist, knees, and ankles for workers and waist, neck, upper back, and shoulders for office employees. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all individuals, workers, and office employees’ answer were 0.954, 0.955, and 0.924, respectively, and the ICC was in the range of 0.718 to 0.928. Validity was also in the acceptable range. For both groups, the occupational factor “Working in the same position for long periods” played the most significant role in the rate of WMSDs. 

JFQ is a proper tool for predicting and controlling WMSDs in workplaces. We can use this tool to control the physical-ergonomic problems and review ergonomic improvements made in the workplace.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related problem in many bakery workers in developing and industrialized countries. This study aimed to assess the rate and ergonomic risk factors of MSDs among traditional bread bakers in Hamadan. 

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 310 traditional bread bakers in Hamadan, Iran. The prevalence of MSDs was assessed using the Nordic Questionnaire (NQ), body map, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Analysis of data was performed in SPSS (version 20) using Chi-square and independent T tests. 

The Mean and Standard Deviation (M±SD) of work experience, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and age were respectively, 4±6.82 (Year), 1.6±0.08 (M), 60±12.76 (kg), 24.65±4.70 and 43.5±12.60 (Year). The involved organs in baking consisted of the neck, shoulder, back, waist, elbow, arm, hand, thigh, knee, shin and ankle. The highest prevalence rates of pain in the studied workers referred to the middle back (N=38; %92.68), knees (N=33; %80.49), shoulders (N=13; %30.95), forearms (N=11; %26.19) and wrists (N=11; %26.19) respectively.The prevalence of MSDs correlated with BMI and work experience significantly (P ≤0.05).

As, this study revealed that the rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the different body regions of bread bakers were high, properinterventional preventive management are strongly recommended to be designed and impleneted to eliminate the disorders among this target group.