Journal of Skin and Stem Cell
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Mar 2022

A review of the literature shows that bruises impair the aesthetic appearance of the skin. At the same time, official medicine has no cure for urgent skin discoloration in the area of bruises. Attention is drawn to the fact that alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions effectively decolorize blemishes and the traces of blood by local interaction under in vitro and in vivo conditions. It has been shown that the main ingredients of these solutions are water, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Some products have been developed for bleaching blood stains and marks on textiles, bandages, skin, nails, and inside the skin in the area of bruises. Here, the leading medical technologies for whitening cosmetic products are reviewed.

Trichodynia was elucidated as a distressing, painful sensation of the scalp hair and/or the skin of the scalp that becomes more vigorous when hairs are touched without an underlying cutaneous disease and is frequently associated with hair shedding. It was often more in women than men, directly correlating with hair loss. The etiology of trichodynia is not well-known, but it may be multifactorial. Several possible hypotheses can explain the etiopathogenesis of trichodynia, including enhanced expression of neuropeptide substance P with perifollicular inflammation, psychiatric diseases, and nutritional deficiencies. Currently, there is no specific and effective therapy for trichodynia. Various available treatments included L-cystine-containing oral preparation, topical corticosteroid, low-dose antidepressant, oral propranolol, and botulinum toxin injection. This review article highlights an update of the definition, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of trichodynia.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral disease caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus characterized by distinctive prodromal pain followed by herpetiform vesicular eruptions. The immunocompromised states, such as old age, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and immunosuppressive drugs, are known predisposing factors in this regard.

The study aimed to investigate the clinic-epidemiological profile of HZ cases attending a tertiary care center.

All consecutive cases of HZ reported to the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care dermatological center in North India within January - June in 2019 were enrolled after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The clinical profile of patients was noted on predesigned proforma. Laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, routine urine examination, renal function test, and blood sugar, were performed. The HIV antibody was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all cases. The data were analyzed by tabulation, mean, standard deviation on Microsoft Excel for Windows 10 operating system.

A total of 190 HZ cases were enrolled, that constituted 0.84% of total dermatology OPD cases of the above-mentioned duration. There were 126 male and 64 female subjects with a gender ratio of 2: 1. Out of the total number of cases, 53% were below 50 years of age, and 59% had a definite history of chickenpox. Moreover, 66 (34%) cases had comorbidities, which included 43 (22% of total cases) cases with some form of immune suppression. In addition, 11 cases were HIV positive, out of whom 2 subjects were diagnosed with HIV infection while evaluating HZ. More than 90% of cases had prodrome before eruptions. Thoracic dermatome was most commonly involved, followed by the trigeminal nerve. Corneal involvement was observed in 4 out of 11 cases of HZ ophthalmicus. The resolution period was within the range of 8 - 15 days. Moreover, 51 (27%) cases developed some complications. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) was present in 41 (21.5%) cases.

The HZ constituted 0.84% of total dermatology OPD in 6 months and reflected a sizable burden in a tertiary care centre. The presence of this disease in a relatively young population or in the male gender might be due to the demographic characteristics of the dependent clientele. There was a higher incidence of PHN (21.5%) in prolonged follow-up. The involvement of thoracic dermatome as the most common segment in HZ and PHN and association with diabetes mellitus is consistent with the results of other studies.

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign epidermal proliferation, which is highly common in sun-exposed areas. This study evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of seborrheic keratosis lesions in patients referred to the Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran.

This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated ninety-nine skin biopsies of seborrheic keratosis lesions. The patients’ demographic features and the clinical and pathological features of the lesions were recorded. Then the correlation between pathological subtypes and demographics and clinical features was evaluated. Independent t-test and chi-square tests were used to assess the correlation between quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

A majority of the patients were female (56.6%) in the sixth decade of their lives (33.3%). The lesions were more frequent in sun-exposed areas (65.6%). The most common pathological subtypes were acanthotic (47.5%), hyperkeratotic (27.3%), and adenoid (14.1%), and horn cyst (75.8%) and squamous eddies (5.1%) were the most and the least prevalent pathological features, respectively. Moreover, no significant correlation was noticed between pathological subtypes with the patients’ age or sun-exposed areas (P = 0.257 & P = 0.05, respectively)

The most common pathological subtype in this study was the acanthotic type. There was no correlation between pathological subtypes and the patients’ demographic features. The most common clinicopathological correlation was associated with the sun-protected lesions.

The quest for finding a regenerative material for periodontal defects is everlasting. Numerous resorbable, nonresorbable, synthetic, and autogenous materials have been tried and tested in this regard. The periosteum has gained popularity in this field as it has exhibited osteogenic properties. The harvest of the periosteum is hassle-free and does not cause additional surgical sites.

The present case report demonstrates the successful use of the periosteum as a barrier membrane in the treatment of an intrabony defect. A 25-year-old female patient reported a complaint of food lodgement and bleeding gums. Clinical and radiographic examinations suggested an intrabony defect concerning the maxillary molar. The periosteum pedicle as a barrier membrane, along with bone graft, was used to treat the defect.

The outcome was favorable in defect filling and soft tissue thickness.

The nail bed is a fundamental structure of the nail unit. Given its close relationship with the nail plate, the distal matrix, and the hyponychium, how it interacts with these structures is still a matter of study.

We describe clinical cases of patients with traumatic destruction of the nail bed treated with mechanical dermabrasion in a reference center. Both clinical cases had a satisfactory response to the treatment, which supports the proposed theories about the functioning of the nail bed.

The nail bed is a dynamic tissue that closely interacts with adjacent structures and responds to forces applied to it.