نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1399)

Since 1980s, urban activities have endeavored to increase market economic in all global aspects, especially in urban life based on the idea of Neoliberalism and so increasing some risks their main systems performance. The risks that happen in a complex system are influenced by two items: 1) modern cycles, including knowledge, information and technology; and 2) effective forces, including internal forces (complexity and solidarity) and external forces (Sprawl and intensity). These items are affected by urban competition in globalization process. Inconsistency between th ese items has caused some other risks and damages to economic, social and ecological as pects. This condition makes decision makers and planners to shift planning paradigm from critical thought to flexible thought in postmodern age. This article as a narrative overview of the urban world conditions, emphasizes on flexibility theory of the 21st century beginning, based on two axes: flexible globalization and sustainable development discourse. The article recognizes the concepts of sustainability and the burdened impact of flexible theory in three main steps. In the first step, the city vision in the age of globalization was explained, as compression of space and time in flexible postmodern, which is followed by analyzing two main parameters: cycles and forces in urban competition context to produce and reproduce space. In the second step, the discourse of sustainability and its elements are studied to compare the paradigm of flexibility. In the third step and as conclusion with a comparative study, these two concepts in the present age are compared.

In this study, the method of beha vioral patterns map is used to investigate the effect of designed environment on individuals, success and impact of design in guiding behavior and providing appropriate opportunities for various behaviors. In this field of study, collected data on behavioral patterns is been considered under three categories; essential, recreational, and social. The purpose of this study is direct observation of presence in space in order to complete the collected data, methods efficiency achievement and techniques ofquantitative tests. Observation repeat records is essential to gain reliability of records. Because nonverbal behavior observation is based on our observation, camera and events location map are used together and behavioral pattern record is specified with location. At first, the target fabric and its general features is considered and then after an overview on neighborhood is centers, center of Sultan Mir Ahmad neighborhood elected to study. To test the hypotheses a combination of software techniques with field observations are selected. Finally through the proposed steps, the relationship between beha vior and urban spaces are recognized. The results show that the relationship between beha vior and environment may be considered in assessments of space quality. The analysis of visual observations of users behavior in a space led to an appropriate pattern which could be effective on improvement of physical environment quality and the human presence.

Today, due to the medical science and technology progress and also population control, elderly population density is on the rise. What is now considered to be is not only prolong the life of elderly people, but also how to spend and increase the quality of life in this period. Old age period like any other period of human life has needs and characteristics of its own, and thus the elderly does the appropriate behavior to respond to these needs. Since the physical environment and behavior shape each other an d environment compatibility is caused by values, meanings of the human mind and capabilities of environment, each behavior requires an appropriate physical and be havior setting to more quali tative behavior emerge. This leaving and elders in a suitable place, helps them meeting their needs and improving the quality of life and achievement to calm and comfort. Behavioral setting improvement leads to increased environmental sustainability, because human design principle is the last and perhaps most important principle of su stainable architecture. This principle is rooted in the requirements that are necessary for the preservation of the ecosystem chain which in turn ensures their survival. This study is set to find behavioral capability aspects of human and environmental compatibility through study on structure of the built environment and the behaviors adequate with needs and motivation of the elderly. The results of this review will lead to qualitative improvement of behavioral settings that are effective in improving environmental sustainability. To achieve this purpose, it will be benefited the library and field studies, including observations and interviews. Finally, based on the research findings, some solutions for designing elderly suitable spaces according to their needs in this period of life will be offered.

Today, the world is changing and the human has been willing to create an ideal society through these changes. However, the key note is to control its development speed and progress based on the society infrastructure a nd principles. In an other words, development must has sustainable meaning to provide quantitative growth and qualitative development in social, cultural, political and economic aspects and structures. Discussing on sustainability and sustainable development is meaningless if cities and citizenships are ignored; because, unplanned development of the city would lead to instability and uneven development. This research attempts to study the impact of culture and urban culture on sustainable development in Fooladshahr, Esfahan, Iran. At first, the key concepts are investigated and then hypotheses are defined based on existing models in sustai nable development context by considering the role of culture as a strategic factor. The main research hypothesis is tested by using a questionnaire while its validity and reliability had been confirmed by the Spearman Correlation test and Kendall's tau b. These tests also are used to examine the relationship between work experience (modulator variable) and sustainable development. Whitney U-test are used to compare sustainable development on the basis of marital status and sex. Finally the research hypothesis was approved but there was no significant relationship between work experience and sustainable development.

Walking in public spaces is one of the sustainable transport achievement pillars. High amount of driving accident fatalities, which are related to pedestrians specially children and elderlies, emphasis on the importance of vulnerable pedestrian safety. So, pedestrian overpass are constructed to enhance the user physical safety and protect the interface of vehicles and pedestrians. The aim of this research is to study the relationship between amount of vulnerable pedestrians’ accidents, time and age of injuries, in addition, the effect of mechanized pedestrian overpass on decreasing the passersby accidents. This article has compiled Isfahan pedestrian accidents statistics between 1391 to 1395 in two age groups of children and the elderlies and derived bridge crossing model according to age with using field studies and logistic regression method. The results showed that the rate of pedestrian accidents are correlated with age and time of the accidents. It seems that mechanization can help to increase the pedestrian bridges usage. Users who are more than 64 years old with an average of 76/8% had the most welcoming of automatic bridges but still 30.2% of people are not agree with this viewpoint. Speed of passing vehicles and the limiting fences under overpasses are effective factors for using pedestrian bridges. Also accessibility to elevator next to the pedestrian bridges can be helped to pass on more easily.

In recent era, due to rising population and lack of housing, attention to quality of home design has trimmed. While the importance of "Home" in human life is obvious, today houses are just packed boxes without effective relation with it s environments. This neglecting occurs while ecological sustainability and balance in addition of human physical and psychological dependence on nature depends on natural green spaces. The issue is that if we can communicate with nature as one of the environ mental sustainable development principles in houses architecture. This study seeks to answer this question: How can we design housing in deal with nature and goals of environmental sustainability? Also guidelines are derived various sources which are collected and analyzed by analytical -descriptive method data. The study concludes that by taking steps towards directly connection with nature such as open and closed space, placement of nature in living spaces and on the road of resident’s way, relation with sky and so on, could be design compatible housing that is connec ted with nature to recreate environmental sustainability.