Journal of Human Genetics and Genomics
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Dec 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that cause disability. Finding treatment options that have no side effects can be very important.

Therefore, in this study, the effect of β-carotene administration was investigated in the PD model of rats.

Induction of Parkinson's disease in rats was done by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra (SN). After induction rat behaviour was studied using an apomorphine-induced rotation test. The SN cells' viability was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptosis and necrosis were measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of bax and bcl-2 genes were also studied using RT-PCR technique. Data analysis was done by GraphPad Prism V.8 software.

The results showed a positive effect of β-carotene administration in PD rats, which led to improvement in apomorphine-induced rotation test, increased viability, and decreased apoptosis and necrosis of SN neurons. It also downregulated bax and overexpressed bcl-2 gene expressions (P < 0.01).

β-carotene has therapeutic effects in PD conditions and its mechanism of action was attributed to regulating the expressions of genes involved in mitochondrial apoptosis. Therefore, its study in a clinical setting is recommended.

Temperature changes cause testicular dysfunction. It has been observed that testicular hyperthermia leads to oxidative stress and as a result a severe reduction in testicular parameters. Causes a severe reduction in Sperm parameters to become oxidative due to stress. Recently, natural plant materials and magnetic nanoparticles have been considered. In the internal mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, gen bcl2 is a target of miR455.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and improve their impacts by using the antioxidant curcumin on sperm parameters by investigating changes in expression miR455 in response to temperature-induced stress in scrotal hyperthermia rats.

After preparation, the rats were placed in a hot water bath at 43°C. for 30 minutes for six consecutive days. The rats were then divided into eight groups. We used TiO2 nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.03 mg/kg of body weight and curcumin at a concentration of 0.02 mg/kg of body weight. After killing the animals, such parameters of sperm as viability, concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa were studied. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using appropriate kits. A gene primer was designed and RT-PCR was used to assess gene expression. The t-test and ANOVA were used to examine differences between different groups. Data analysis was performed using Prism8 software and SPSS version 26.

The results showed that miR455 expression was lower in the treatment groups and was associated with curcumin (P < 0.05). A positive effect of curcumin on improving sperm parameters in rats with scrotum hyperthermia and a negative and toxic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles were shown. However, a significant improvement in sperm parameters was observed when rats were given TiO2 nanoparticles along with curcumin.

The changes in the expression miR455, shown in curcumin have controlled the damage to TiO2 nanoparticles. It seems that miRNA455 can be used as a marker to predict sperm health status. So Curcumin can play a protective role in reducing the toxic effects of testicular hyperthermia as well as titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

The biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF), in particular their beneficial or adverse impacts on the promotion and progression of cancer, have attracted considerable attention. C-Myc has a critical regulatory role in cell transformation and causes metabolic changes, that accompany malignant transformation. Observations have shown that c-Myc expression can be altered by circular RNAs (circRNA). In this study, the changes in the expression of c-Myc and circ-CCDC66 in the AGS cell line after the extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) exposure were investigated. The AGS cells were exposed to different magnetic flux densities for 18 h, continuously and discontinuously (2h on/2h off). To evaluate the expression changes of c-Myc and circ-CCDC66 real-time PCR was used. The results showed that discontinuous magnetic fields could reduce c-Myc expression. Continuous exposure of 0.25 mT could reduce the c-Myc expression, but with increasing the magnetic flux density c-Myc was upregulated. The expression level of circ-CCDC66 decreased under exposure to continuous and discontinuous ELF-MFs. The difference between the results of c-Myc under the influence of magnetic fields may be described by the hypothesis of the window effect of the fields. Our results indicated that ELF-MFs can induce changes in c-Myc and circ-CCDC66 expression.

The significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression regulation has been demonstrated. Changes in the expression of miRNAs have been reported in a variety of neurological diseases. However, the role of miR-34b/c in the risk of Alzheimer's disease has been less studied. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the relationship between miR-34b/c polymorphism and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. This study was performed with 40 Alzheimer's patients and 40 controls. Using the polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate polymorphisms in the miR-34b/c gene. The results of this study indicated an association between miR-34 b/c polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Computational studies of cancers facilitate understanding of the cancer development pathogenic process and lead researchers to discover efficient molecular biomarkers suitable for the prognosis or early detection of gastric cancer. In cancer systems, biology researchers seek to find the cellular mechanisms of cancer with a focus on the systemic perspective. It is not just a gene, a protein, a metabolite, or any other biological factor; it is how each of these factors works in a complex system with others and tries to look at the system behavior of each factor.

In this study, 411 samples of gastric cancer and 35 samples of healthy individuals’ gene expression data were collected based on search results in the TCGA database. Then we normalized and filtered the input genes. After analyzing weighted gene co-expression networks, the resulting modules became candidates for enrichment analysis and literature review.

Examination of the results obtained from the reconstruction and analysis of gastric cancer weighted gene co-expression network led to the discovery of pink and blue modules. Then, the genes consisting of that module were enriched through the KEGG, EnrichR, and ToppGene databases. Some of these genes, such as DMB, CD6, CD8A, CDC45, and CDC20 are known to be involved in inflammation, cell cycle, and tissue damage in cancer, and some of these other genes are less commonly reported in scientific studies.

We can select these candidate genes as potential biomarkers to determine the prognosis and even early detection of the clinical treatment.