International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

Providing the right temperature in the living space has been one of the needs of human beings today, and therefore the use of different types of cooling and heating systems in buildings has become common. By replacing the energy from fossil fuels with heating and cooling systems with renewable energy, there will be significant effects on optimizing energy consumption, reducing the growing trend of global temperatures, reducing air pollution, and reducing fossil fuel consumption. In this paper, the technical-environmental performance of solar heating systems in Iran and the effect of buffer tank type on their performance using Valentin T*SOL software in 3 different configurations and in climatic conditions of 3 cities of Tabriz, Tehran and Shiraz have been studied. Is. The studies showed that in the first arrangement (using a hot water tank) in Shiraz had the greatest savings in natural gas consumption and the greatest reduction in CO2 emissions. In the second arrangement (using two hot water tanks) in Tabriz, the highest savings in natural gas consumption have the greatest reduction in CO2 emissions and the amount of energy produced, and in the third arrangement (thermosiphon system) in Shiraz with the greatest savings in natural gas consumption and Reduced CO2 emissions have been associated. The results of the present work show the need to study different systems for stations located in different climates to find the most suitable system for each station.

Wind energy is one of the fastest sources of renewable energy. Based on different characteristics of wind conditions, the performance of wind turbines can be optimized by adjusting the parameters of the control system. The nonlinearity of the system model and high external uncertainties have made the control of wind turbines an important and necessary study. Pitch angle control is one of the most important controllers in wind turbines. In this paper, the aim is to adjust the pitch angle of the variable speed wind turbine. Fuzzy logic is used to control the Pitch angle, first the fuzzy controller is used as the automatic Pitch angle regulator, and then it is used to adjust the coefficients of the three-term controller (PID controller or three-period controller). Finally, the simulation results are obtained using Matlab software. The results show that the best answers are in using fuzzy logic in setting three-term control coefficients.

Wireless sensor networks have become extensively applied in various fields with their advance. They may be formed freely and simply in many areas with no infrastructure. Also, they gather information about environmental phenomena for decent efficiency and event analysis and send it to base stations. The absence of infrastructure in such networks, on the other hand, limits the sources; therefore, the nodes are powered by a battery with inadequate energy. As a result, preserving energy in such networks is a critical task. Clustering the nodes and picking the cluster head based on the available transmission factors is an intriguing way for reducing energy consumption in these networks, as the average energy consumption of the nodes is lowered and the network lifespan is increased. By combining the multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm and the harmony search, this study provides a novel optimization strategy for wireless sensor network clustering. The cluster head is chosen using the multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm, and information is communicated between the cluster head's nodes and the sink node using nearly optimum routing based on the harmony search. The simulation outcomes indicate that when the functionality of the multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm and the harmony search are taken into account, the suggested technique outperforms the previous methods in terms of data delivery rate, energy consumption, efficiency, and information packet transmission.

A new class of fractional terminal sliding mode controller (FTSMC) is proposed for a class of nonlinear fractional order chaotic systems in this paper. The stability of the closed loop system is verified in the terms of the Lyapunov theorem. The proposed fractional controller design procedure leads to the convergence of the output tracking error toward the zero value in finite time, the robustness against external disturbance and uncertainty, and the reduction of chattering phenomenon. Two controller types of terminal sliding mode are introduced here comprising 1) a typical controller of terminal sliding mode and 2) a nonsingular controller of terminal sliding mode. Also, new theorems are provided here to facilitate designing procedure of robust controller. To assess the introduced approach, we applied the suggested controller to fractional Lorenz chaotic system. The simulation results, computed by MATLAB software, are able to explain the efficiency of the fractional terminal sliding mode controller

Since Software-Defined Network is a logically centralized technology, the importance of scalability of the control plane has increased with increasing network scales. Therefore, the use of multiple controllers was proposed instead of a centralized controller. Although multiple controllers have solved scalability in software-based networks, they faced load imbalance on controllers due to the static assignment between the controllers and the switches. As a result, switch migration is proposed as an efficient approach to solving static allocation between the controller and switch. Switch migration allows a dynamic connection between controllers and switches, but which controller or switch is suitable for migration has become a vital problem issue in itself. A learning automaton with a variable structure is proposed to select the target controller in the proposed method. All selection and environment reaction cases are evaluated with learning automata, and choose the best controller for migration costs. The proposed method has been compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. The results showed that the proposed approach could reduce the delays of sending packets in the network by balancing the controllers with the optimal selection of target controllers for switch migration.

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators are the main component of modern integrated systems that are designed and fabricated using CMOS composite layers. The design of these resonators, which are actuated electrostatically, is strongly dependent on the ambient temperature and the used materials. Important factors, such as structural features, actuator type, and the used materials should be considered in the design of micro resonators because they strongly affect the quality factor, power consumption and operating frequency of these devices. However, in designing micro resonators, electrostatic actuators are preferred over other actuator types due to their lower manufacturing cost, lower losses, and higher controllability. In this paper, first, some micro resonators are designed and their structures are then investigated. The micro resonators are mechanically analyzed to optimize their dimensions. A bias voltage of 0.1 V is applied to the micro resonators to investigate their feasibility for implantable biomedical applications. The switching time for a Zinc (Zn) movable plate is equal to 0.5 µs. In this paper, the role of device dimensions, Young’s modulus, switching time, material type, bridge displacement, and voltage (which is an important challenge in electrostatic resonators since it is usually high), as well as the effects of temperature on displacement are investigated.