نشریه فضای گردشگری
پیاپی 34 (بهار 1399)

Tourism towns, as a special type of human endeavor in recent years to integrate accommodation and leisure, have created a new need in the field of urban planning theory and practice. In the typology of planning, there is still no general consensus on the classification of this particular type, so in this paper we will try to examine the theories proposed in general and urban planning and tourism in particular, to a theoretical approach in relation to the theory of tourism town planning. On the other hand, by prioritizing physical and social issues in tourism towns, due to the relationship between urban body and community, using a research context of such cases in cities, efforts have been made to orient the general direction towards "physical social planning» of tourism towns. In order to establish the connection between the urban body and social relations in tourist settlements, the process of transforming the feeling of environment into social action in the physical environment has been studied. Finally, by extrapolating Amirkabir tourism town in Arak, the research findings regarding the relationship between the formed body and the sampled community were studied. In order to organize this research, which is of a fundamental type and has been done with the aim of explaining the executive solutions, the "descriptive-analytical" method has been used along with the collection of library information. Finally, the information collected was "comparatively" measured using the researcher's "participatory observation."

As the center of the city, Lahijan, historically and economically, socially and culturally attractive, as well as the numerous natural tourism opportunities of historical, recreational and nature tourism can become a regional and even trans-regional tourism hub. The city with its area of ​​influence and surrounding area and historical attractions (such as Sheikh Zahid Gilani's tomb, Mir Shamsuddin's tomb, Kashf al-Saltanah tomb and Tea History Museum, Lahijan adobe, Golshan Lahijan bath), cultural (such as the Four Kings Mosque, Mosque) Akbarieh, Lahijan Jame Mosque), a natural (mountain and waterfall of Satan Mountain, Sastan Wetland, Amir Kalieh Wetland) is one of the tourist centers of Gilan province. However, due to the lack of natural, historical and cultural landscapes of the city, it has many problems to develop and develop. In this regard, the present study is an attempt to study descriptive-analytical method and factors affecting tourism development in Lahijan. The method of collecting data and information was questionnaire and library documents. The sample size of the sample population (including university professors and tourism experts) is 100 tourists in Lahijan who were selected randomly. Chi-square and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that natural attractions, historical attractions, and adequate security in the city of Lahijan are the most important factors for attracting tourism in the city, respectively.

Protection of natural resources such as forest, grassland is essential and should with all emprise. With regard to sustainable tourism can be a good tool to create the appropriate fields of economy such as income and employment, and can be relied on natural tourism. This study aimed to examine the positive and negative effects of tourism and Eco-tourism development on the conservation status of the watershed. The watershed covers an area of 14102 hectares in the basin of Northern Alborz (49) is located in the southern heights Chamestan section. The study population of indigenous people, tourists and the sample size was determined based on the formula 220. For this purpose, after field studies 3 3 questionnaire on the level of experts, locals and tourists on a Likert scale was prepared, sampling methods in this study was based on random sampling. Variables using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficients were analyzed. The results showed that the success of tourism projects and partnerships between local residents and tourism projects and improve the livelihood of the residents of the study area.

Studying the abilities and capabilities of each region, especially itsreligious, historical, cultural and natural tourist attractions, is the mostimportant step in understanding and underpinning economic and socialdevelopment programs. Today, tourism is the world's largest and most diverseindustry and many countries consider this dynamic industry as their main sourceof income, employment and infrastructure development. Our country, Iran, with all kinds ofimportant tourist attractions, can play a very effective role both in economicsand in recognizing itself as an independent culture in today's world. Therefore, tourism as one of the most important factors of socio-economic developmentof different regions can be considered for comprehensive development. Religiousand cultural tourism, as one of the most important forms of tourism, can make asignificant contribution to the country's economic development and lack ofself-reliance on oil and mineral revenues. Religious tourism is one of the mostpopular types of tourism in our time, and most of our tourism is religioustourism. Tuyserkan with an area of ​​about1556square kilometers is one of the cities of Hamadan province which islocated in the western part of the province. The average altitude of the cityis 1784 meters above sea level. The city has a temperate mountainous climatedue to its high mountain and elevation. The city consists of three towns, namely Tuiserkan, Serkan and Farsfaj, as well as two parts of Central andQalqal-e Rood and 7 villages. Having a tomb of a prophet and a great poet, aswell as other historical and naturalattractions, the city has the potential to develop the tourism industry. If there is a planning and investment in the tourism sector, the quality oftourist facilities and equipment as well as the network of roads and transportlines, and all the infrastructures affected by the tourism sector will be morefavorable to the industry as an axis of economic development in the region. Alsothe existing tourism of the city can be improved through proper planning and guidancein the area of tourism.

The increasing expansion of urban environments and, consequently, the leisure needs of urban residents, as well as visitors and tourists visiting urban spaces, require special attention in planning and achieving sustainable urban tourism development and related infrastructures. At the same time, it is worthwhile to pay attention to the functions and effects of this sector and planning to make appropriate arrangements for urban spaces and infrastructures. Among the basic infrastructures in the field of urban tourism are urban transportation and the way these two functions are related to each other. Accordingly, the present article selects an indicator of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran (the Persian Gulf martyrs lake), attempting to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of urban transportation systems in accessing this tourist site. The research strategy is applied and its method is descriptive and analytical. The library method and the questionnaire were used to collect information and For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Cronbach's Alpha method. Kaiser-Meyer-Olekin (KMO) and Bartlet tests were used in SPSS-22 software. In this method, the stability of existing transportation systems was studied using four main components and 24 selected indicators. As a result, it was observed that sustainability of transportation systems in accessing the tourism of the martyrs of the Persian Gulf Lake is very close to factors such as public access, environmental costs, transportation costs and traffic costs.

The old context of many cities often includes monuments and historical sites. Today, successful managers are trying to revive historical regions through applying native urbanism, using mixed applications, prioritizing public transportation and pedestrian traffic, providing healthy environmental conditions, creating a sustainable economic prosperity, native employment, attracting local participation and paying attention to cultural heritage and tourism. The historic context of old cities has high potential due to geographical location, ease of access, the center of economic gravity and historical-cultural features. Despite the positive features of the central part of the city, its contexts are suffering from physical problems (burnout), environmental degradation, and structural weaknesses. The main objective and the basic strategy of interventions for the reconstruction and modernization of the historical context and their design are to revive this collection. The survival of the context depends on its activity and participation in the current life of the city, and thus it is possible to carry out the tasks of renovating and restoring the historical constructions of the city and designing the historical axes and guaranteeing the success of it which can be very effective in attracting and activating the tourism of a historical city like Tabriz.

Polo tourism is of particular importance in many countries. In this respect, many successful attempts have been made by providing various exciting programs and rituals and presenting tourism packages to attract tourists interested in this sport. This study aimed to explain the strategic planning of polotourism development in Iran. This was an applied study conducted using the quantitative-descriptive design. The target population was a panel of polo, tourism, culture and physical educationexperts. A sample of 256 experts was selected using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, the face and content validity of which was evaluated by a number of sports and tourism management professors, and for the overall reliability, the Cronbach's alpha value was0.86. This study showed that the managerial factor regarding the polo tourismpolicy-making and planning, the Polo Federation and its boards' level of awareness and attention to polo tourism were ranked third.The "Federation's emphasis on polo tourism development" ranked first among the managerial factors with value 6.13, while the "provincial boards' awareness of polotourism" ranked last with value 3.21. Policy making, planning, and especially provincial boards' awareness of polo tourism ranked last in terms of average value. Therefore, in order to achieve tourism objectives, we should prioritize policy-making, planning, and raising the executive agents' level of awareness.

This article analyzes the effects of tourism on Sustainable Development Indicators in Sistan villages. Considering the homogeneity and homogeneity of rural community in Sistan, sample size with 364 samples was selected for study. According to the objectives and assumptions of the paper, the quantitative and qualitative methods were collected in two stages. After analyzing the questionnaire in the villages, the results were as follows: The study was evaluated and the characteristics of each village were determined. Therefore, in terms of economic index of Ghalnu village (attraction), it is better than others and then Malaali and Mahmoudabad are located and Khamak village is not in good economic condition. In terms of cultural and educational factor, the village of Malaali and Firoozeh is in a better position than the other villages. Given the selection of the village of Sehkouh as a sample tourism area, it is in good legal and political terms. In terms of spatial factor other than Mahmoodabad village, other villages have some conditions. In terms of infrastructural factor, considering the studied variables, Mahmoodabad village is inappropriate compared to other villages after that. Other villages or, in other words, attractions are better off.