نشریه پژوهش های علوم و فنون دریایی
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1390)

In this experiment, we studied the effects of ionic and nonionic iso osmotic and defferent NaCl solutions on morphology and proliferation of biflagellate, halophilic micro alga, Dunaliella salina. Osmotic pressure of 2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl solutions were selected for preparing of iso osmotic solution (glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), poly ethylene glycol (PEG), sucrose, mannitol and NaCl). Materials were added to Johnson medium. Dunaliella salina was obtained from Biology Department of Islamic Azad University, Unit of Gorgan. Growth condition was fixed in all experiments (litght, 5000 Lux, aeration, 1 hour daily, temperature, 255oC,). The microscopic results showed that Dunaliella salina not only can not proliferate in the iso osmotic solutions, without NaCl but also misses the mobility and finally dies after defferent times, in different solutions. Neverthless in the salt solutions Dualiella salina can proliferate and shows normal morphology and mobility. Based on results of this experiment, optimum proliferation occurred in 7.5% NaCl. Cell fresh wight wa less in 7.5% NaCl (probably because of more proliferation in this treatment). Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and -Carotene showed significant increases in 7.5% NaCl. It seems that Dunaliella salina can not adopt with nonionic osmotic stress. Lack of Na+, can destroy ion homeostasis and the power of resistance. Decrease or increase Na+ from optimum concentration is the stress that effects on activities.

Azad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the dam have been studied in order to mitigate the probable risks. To reach this goal, one of the multiple criteria decision making methods by the name of multiple Attribute Decision Making has been used.  Firstly, the risk factors have been recognized and ranked based on their importance, intensity and probable occurrence using Delphi questionnaire Method. Results were analyzed using SPSS software. In the next stage, the whole risk factors of Azad Dam were weighted and their priorities were determined applying Entropy method. Finally, environmental risks were ranked using TOPSIS Model. Results declare that the most important risks of the plan include the risk of  soil pollution and land-cover destruction with the score of 0.895, Komasi River water contamination with the score of 0.667, intense reduction of organic matters and nutrients in Komasi River flow at down side of the dam with a score of 0.597. At the end of this research, an environmental management program was presented to mitigate or control the probable risks of the project.

Five heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Ni, V) in whole body tissue of Solen rosemaculatus of Bandar-e Khamir in summer and winter 2010 were determined. Bandar-e Khamir is one of the major fishing ports in Hormozgan Province in Iran. A sample size of 5-7 cm was harvested from three stations in tidal zone of Bandar-e Khamir. Bivalves transferred to laboratory and biometry whole tissue of  bivalves were separated after preparation and digestion process. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (graphite furnace) amount of heavy metals were measured. Results indicated that: In summer and winter MeanSD concentrations of Cobalt, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel were (0.0750.026 and 0.0830.034), (0.1000.038 and 0.1420.042), (0.0260.017 and 0.0130.009), (0.9840.287 and 1.1040.344) micrograms per gram dry weight, respectively. Vanadium concentration were in trace amounts below detection limit of the AAS. Results of this study showed that concentration of heavy metals in all samples were less than the permissive international standards. There was a significant difference in the specific concentration of Cr between samples from either different sites or seasons (P<0.05). A significant difference was also observed in comparison of Cd concentrations between samples of different seasons (P<0.05).

In this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of  red algae H. flagelliformis in spring  was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045  and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of  red algae H. flagelliformis showed  that  the average amount of  this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na  (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg  per 100 gr of dry  matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was  Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn (  5.2 ±0.173) and  Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg  per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis  suggest  more  investigations in case of high level of  Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement.

In this research the results of wave simulation by SW module of Mike 21 are used to estimate the wave energy density at the offshore area of Anzali Port in 2002, the usable wave energy density is calculated to be 0.588 , generated power 2.18 , wave power density 125.43  and wind power density 10.396 . In addition to study of different convertors and various methods of generating wave energy, monthly power and energy density of waves are calculated, and based on the achieved results a comparison between the calculated amounts is done. Finally a combination of six Pelamis Convertor is identified as the best solution, based on the yearly Waverose graph, the power of which would be about 4.5 MW.

Effects of silymarin and 17β estradiol (E2) on gonadosomatic index and histological changes of oocytes were investigated in female Three spot Gourami. 100 immature female fish with mean weight of (2.5±0.5g) were evaluated in 8 treatments with 2 control groups. The fishes in different groups were treated with silymarin and E2 separately (10,20,30,50 mg/kg). Control one received 20µL methanol and control two was intact. After 20 days experimental fishes ovaries removed and weighted. Histopathological studies of ovary and gonadosomatic indires of fishes of the 8 tretments were compared with those of control groups, fishes. Statistical analysis showed that the results of comparison of amount of GSI for silymarin in first and second treatments was 1.2% and for third and fourth treatments was 1/8% Amount of GSI for (E2) in fifth treatment was 0.7% and sixth treatment was 1.2% and for seventh and eighth treatments it was 1.75% in comparison with control group which was 0.5% these defferences were significant (P<0.05). This result was approved by histopathological finding which showed that fourth and eighth treatment were more effective because begining moving Germinal vesicle on growth and maturation of oocytes in female three Spot Gourami.

In this study marine sponges of  intertidal zone of Hengam Island in Persian Gulf were collected at  spring low tide in desalination station in northwest of  at  location  55˚ 52΄ 17˝ E & 40˚ 26΄ 55˝ N (August 2009). For identifying these sponges acid digestion method and microtome section were used. All the identified sponges were from class Demospongia, 3 orders (Dictyoceratida, Hadromerida, Haplosclerida,) and 6 families (Suberitidae, Clionidae, Callyspongiidae, Chalinidae, Niphatidae, Spongiidae), and revealed six genera from Desalination Station: Callyspongia sp.Gelliodes fibrosa, Haliclona sp. Cliona dioryssa, Pseudosuberites mollis and Spongia officinalis. This Research is the first study to identify sponges of this Iranian islands based on microtome sectioning of their skeletal structures.

In these research 9 samples of Alosia caspia from Caspian Sea, were collected in winter 2009. Main idea of this research was to find fatty acid effect of vitamin C on vacuum packaging and effect of freezing condition chang on fatty acids during the storage in refrigerator under -18 about 120days. Results showed that  by adding vitamin C on sample which contain %5 had less changes comparing to %1 doses. Total none saturated fatty acids in base sample. And samples containing 1 and 5 percents vitamin C during 120days, were %36.87, %40.45, %38.33and total of unsaturated fatty acids were:48.73,38.16,41.35. In a same order amounts of fat were %2.82, %2.49, %2.62, also amounts of protein were %17.1, %16.60, %16.55. Ranges of moisture were: 77.35%, 88.05%, 79.15% and amounts of ash were:1.7%, 1.25%, 1.23%.Result of statistical analysis showed values of (p<0.05) less than 0.05.