نشریه پژوهش های علوم و فنون دریایی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1393)

Persian Gulf or Pars Sea is a water course which is in the direction of Oman Sea and is between Iran and Arab Peninsula. The strategic strait of Hormoz is curved shape strip which is square Iran Plateau from Saudi Arabia and connects water of Persian Gulf Oman Sea and India Ocean. The goal of this study was to investigate the present Halomonas varieties which live in beaches belonging to strait of Hormoz and which are a part of biological diversity of this strait. Twelve samples from the water and sediment of this region from different depths of striat of Hormoz were collected and sent to laboratory in sterile conditions. Enrichment of samples was done in the Alkaline Peptone Water medium and Nutrient Broth medium. Samples were incubated on 3 solid incubational environments: Endo, EMB and Mac Conkey Agar. Finally 70 isolates were obtained from these environments. Genetic test was done based on sequencing 16S rRNA. The phylogenetic analysis on the samples, based on 16S rRNA analysis, identified three Halomonas species including Halomonasvenusta, Halomonas sulfidaeris and Halomonas alkaliphila. This study shows that beaches of strait of Hormoz is a good habitat for halophile gram negative bacteria ( Halomonas) which may have biotechnical applications .

This investigation was carried out in 2013 to measure the concentration of agricultural organochlorine pesticide DDT in muscle tissues of three fish species including Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kutum & Liza auratas in eight stations in southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Torkaman, Khazarabad Sari, Fereydunkenar, Chalous, Kiashahr, Bandar Anzali, Hashtpar and Astara), Iran. In each station, five fish samples per species were caught and the concentration of the pesticide were measured by gas chromatography – electron capture detector (GCECD) in each of them. The average amount of DDT in C. carpio, R. frisii kutum & L. auratas were 0.11 ±0.24, 0.17 ±0.25 and 0.163 ±0.25 ng/g fresh weight, respectively. The most contaminated stations in terms of DDT contamination was Kiashahr (averagely, 0.64 ±0.02 ng/g based on fresh weight). In all stations, amount of DDT was lower than the maximum residue limit (0.28 mg/g fresh weight). Moreover, the level of the pesticide, DDT, in muscle tissue of the fish from all stations was not higher than acceptable daily intake (ADI). The levels of DDT in studied fishes are significantly lower than in 2008.

study was performed in autumn 2008 in order to determine Cd accumulation in the tissuesof gill, kidney, skin and muscle of Chalcalburnus chalcoides in Anzali Wharf in the 10 km2 zone. The samples were collected from 12 points which were then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer after biometry and separation of the targeted tissues and chemical digestion. According to the results, there was no significant relationship between the weight and length of fish and metal concentration. The fish with lower range of weight had more Cd, but different concentration range of metals was found in fish with higher range of weight. Maximum Cd was found in gill (0.94±0.015 mg/kg) and minimum concentration was found in muscle (0.02±0.014 mg/kg). The accumulation of cadmium in tissues ranged as follows: gill>skin>kidney>muscle. As specified the concentration of Cd in gill and skin was not significantly different but it was significantly different in other tissues. The level of metal was compared with (CODEX, 2007) standard. Results showed that Cd in gill was significantly different at 0.05 levels.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of zinc heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver carp in the vicinity with zinc in short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight 50±10gr and mean length 13±1cm were located to adjacent to 0.5 and 10 mg/L of Zn (NO3)2 in 9 Aquarium with 90 liter of capacity.Sampling of fish was done randomly each 12 hours until 96 hours from caudal vein. The result showed that the level of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatments in 96 hours were significant difference with 5 mg/ L and control treatments (p<0/05). The results showed that the minimum amount of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatment in 96 hours was (10.83±0.2 mg/ dL) and the maximum amount was found in 5 ppm treatment in 48 hours was (102.7±22.7 mg/dL). Mean triglyceride fluctuated, so that the maximum amount of triglyceride was found in 10 mg/L treatment in 12 hours (93±14) mg/dL) and the minimum in 96 hours in 5 mg/L treatment was (24.4±2 mg dl). By increasing the concentration of zinc. albumin level were increased significantly. The minimum amount was found in control treatment which was (0.73±0.14 g/dL) and the maximum level in 5 m/g/L treatment at 96 hours was (9.03±0.6 g/dL). Total protein levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05). The minimum amount of total proteins in 5 mg/L treatment at 96 hours was (0/043±0/003) g/dL, and the maximum amount was at 12 hours in 10 mg/L treatment at (3/53±0/3)g/dL. Based on results, Hematological and biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of Zinc acute toxicity in Silver carp.

Spirulina is filamentous cyanobacteria and is used in aquaculture industry. In this investigation antioxidative effects of fish trouts(Onchronchus mykiss) feeded with Spirulina was studied. Changes in Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX) was employed for this evaluation. Main stages of this investigation was performed in fish trout culture farm in Tehran. One hundred and twenty trouts with 17±2 gram weight were feeded in 5 treatments. Feed treatments included blank1 (without Spirulina), blank2 binder (without Spirulina) and three different doses of Spirulina 2.5%,5%,7.5% with binder. Spirulina with colza oil binder was mixed with food after weighing required amount of food for every pool. Fish were then fed 3 times a day for 90 day. After sampling , the special activity of GPx in liver, spleen and muscle tissue was investigated using Wendell's method. This assay indicated that increase in Spirulinapercentage in diet to 7.5 and 5% , enhanced amount of glutathione peroxidase activity in spleen to 61.52%. Also with increase in the amount of feeding with Spirulina , amount of glutathione peroxidase specific activity declined to about 21.95% in liver tissue and to 9.4% in muscles. Results of this study indicated that feeding fish with Spirulina resulted in enhancement of antioxidant activity of GPx enzyme in spleen and reduction of its activity in muscle and liver tissues of trout.

The purpose of this investigation was to distinguish the pollutant sources and physical – chemical water characteristics of Darakeh River. In this research, the water quality of Darakeh River was determined till the Municipality Zone of Tehran. Sampling was performed throughout the course of the river, in twelve (12) stations and a sample of snow located in the upstream of basin, was taken as control sample . Physical and chemical parameters which were measured comprised of water temperature pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, CO2, Fe, HCO3, CO3, OH, Cl, SO4, PO4, phenol alkalinity, total hardness(TH). Water parameters of Darakeh river were compared with global water quality standards and criteria, and with the results from the snow sample, which was suitable for drinking purposes. Upon the flow of the river downwards, water is polluted from the second station and is not suitable for consumption. However, the water of this river can be utilized for agricultural purposes only.

In this study, growth of baroclinic waves in the region between the latitude 15 and 65 degrees North and longitude 15 and 80 degrees East (Middle East) has been studied. Climate system under study crossed from the study area from 2nd of February until 8th of February 2010. Rassby radius of deformation, with length scale parameter, was obtained in Eady model. This radius determined the standard threshold level, start and end, of baroclinic wave. Charny - Green number is another parameter that changes the criterion,beginning and end of growth rateof baroclinic wave. Therefore, it is necessary to study the growing waves with Rassby radius deformation study, the Charny - Green number was also studied. Computing mentioned parameters showed that for at least in the next 24 hours and a maximum of 36 hours (depending on weather conditions and the amount of power systems), how waves were developed. Rassby radius of deformation and the Charny-Green number, in the Middle East region have been investigated. In this study it has been shown that reduction in the Rassby radius of deformation to 800 km and reverse increase in Charny - Green's number to 3, atmospheric waves in the next 24 to 48 hours grow towards the formation of trough. Whenever this parameter was more than 1000 km and reverse Charny - Green number is also less than one, growth and development of ridge over the area is expected.

Calanoids among cultured copepods are a potential source of live food for marine fish larvae because of their pelagic forms, high frequency in nature, suitable size and high content of PUFA fatty acid levels. Therefore, given the importance of this zooplankton, in the present study the effect of different temperatures on growth and survival of Acartia at 3 treatments, 30° C , 25° C, 20 ° C and a constant salinity of 40 ppt during 21 days were investigated. At the end of study, the highest survival was reported at temperature treatment of 30 ° C, with egg relaying percent and development of 86.6 ± 11.54. The average survival of 5 Naupli stages, 5 copepodit stages and adult stage was %34. 3± 5.50, %23.1 ± 5.5and %15±6 and the highest growth rate obtained was %0.04 ± 0.02.