نشریه پژوهش های علوم و فنون دریایی
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1393)

In the purpose of produce a suitable diet for farming the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), competition with imported foods and checking the possibility of replacement this diet with those ones, a new formulation codified and compared with two imported foods, one from France (A treatment) and the other from Italy (B treatment), and an interior food (C treatment). 600 fingerlings trout with the mean weight of 37±3 gr. and length of 13.5±5.5 cm. with duration of 127 days in 12 rearing channels with dimensions 440×150×80 cm., in 4 treatment, which one had 3 repeat, farmed using these diets. In the end of the term, means of weight, total length and weight gain had significant differences in formulated diet with others (P<0.05), sequencely formulated diet had the highest values with 133.14±12.13 gr. weight, 21±0.75 cm. length, and 191.49±6.20 gr. WG, and C had the least values with 108.02±11.81 gr. 19.83±0.75 cm. and 126.99±17.90 gr., Respectively. The maximum %WG 450.40±31.18 and SGR 1.77±0.05 gr. were also in formulated and the least were in C, sequencely 299.51±54.01 percent and 1.43±0.13 gr., that had significant differences with others (P<0.05), except for A. Maximum PER in A, 0.06±0.007 and formulated 0.042±0.001 had significant differences (P<0.05). FCR in formulated 0.92±0.12 had no significant differences with imported foods (P>0.05). Formulated chemical and anti nutritional factor analysis involved 55.59% protein, 10.64% lipid, 13.13% carbohydrate, 2.28% fiber, 9.79% ash, 8.55% moist and 3.14 mili eqi valan/1000 gr. diet peroxide. However, the amount of energy was less in formulated, 3706.4 kcal per kg diet than A, 4174.1 and B, 4063.1, despite of the presence of suitable composition caused the most growth. The energy of C 3663.8, was the least amount.Cheking sensory properties or Organolepthic Tests, the fish fed formulated diet valuated better than the others generally. Undoubted, producing this diet formulation will be more economize between other treatments. Total composition of formulated diet is not open at the time being.

Carassobarbus luteus fish, one of the Cyprinidae species and native to southwestern Iran, have been identified in the domestic water in the rivers and wetlands of Khuzestan Province. This study was performed Fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus in Karun River. Monthly catches from February 2012 to April 2013 at three stations in the province took Aghili Plains. 385 samples of fish were collected from the study area to determine fecundity of ovarian tissue were selected samples in sexual stages 3, 4, 5. Mean of absolute fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus was 5754.59±7 and range from 740 to 43301 eggs. The highest of absolute fecundity in Length apperceive 205 to 210 mm equal 26800±1660.45. Also, the lowest of absolute fecundity in Length was 185 mm equal 1018±52.68. Also mean of relative fecundity in fishes 53.30±1.03 and minimum and maximum from 9 to 248 eggs. The highest of relative fecundity in Length apperceive 200 to 205 mm equal 222.8±10.38. The lowest of relative fecundity in Length was 185 mm equal 9.16±0.25.

The green alge Gracilaria salicornia was collected from coasts of Gheshm Island in Persian Gulf in September 2010.The effect of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Gracilaria salicornia were carried out over 6 weeks under laboratory conditions. For each treatment, the algae were inoculated into 20 litre water with diameters of 60×30×40 cm. The suspension method used for culture .All treatments (tanks) were carried out in triplicates. The treatments were temperatures (20, 25 and 30oC), photoperiods (12:12, 14:12 and 16:8, light: dark, respectively) and photon irradiances (24, 66 and 94 photons m-2 S-1). The length, width and weight of the thalli were measured on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The results of this study showed significant differences on growth of G.salicornia between treatments (P<0.05). Maximum relative growth rate was obtained from 12:12 photoperiod with 2.46 %.

This study was undertaken during 2013 on the barracuda fish Sphyraena sp. caught from waters of Bandarabbas.This project focuses on concentration of heavy metals in muscle and liver tissues of this fish. In addition results were compared with the international standards.The muscle and liver tissues of 20 samples catched and separated. Metals were extracted from muscle and liver tissues using acid digestion method (ASTM). Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by ICP. Mean concentration for Zn , Cu , Pb and Cd in the muscle tissue 2.675±0.800, 0.385±0.658, 0.325±0.169 and 0.087±0.012 ppm and liver tissue 11.850±3.943, 4.957±1.632, 0.485±0.2406 and 0.480±0.2402 ppm (as fed) respectively. Results compared with international standards such as WHO, FAO , UK (MAFF) and lower concentration of all metals in muscle and liver tissues except concentration of Cd in liver tissue from the above standards was concluded and they didn’t have significant difference between Pb , Zn , Cu in muscle tissue (P≥0.05) ,but there was Cd in muscle tissue during the 2013 (P<0.05).

Rivers are important water resources which to have broad application. Heavy metal are considered as important factors in pollution of water resources. On the other hand, the entry of pollutants into rivers, cause physical and chemical changes in them. The recognition of these metals and the knowledge of their parameters and trends is essential. This study aimed to determine physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, EC) and the amount of zinc, nickel and cadmium of Shatereh river (Its water used to irrigate farm) located in the southwest of Tehran. Sampling was done at 3 stations in Esfand 1392 (Persian calender before the bridge Shatereh, industrial areas and agricultural areas) with 3 replications.Average ater temperature of 8.25 ° C, mean dissolved oxygen 8.03 , pH levels ranging 8.02 and the average amount were abserved EC 493.32 cm .Average amount of heavy metals, zinc, nickel and cadmium were respectively 0.4206, 38.135, 39.180 micrograms per liter. The variance of zinc, nickel and cadmium of there station at sig <0.05 showed that there was significant difference betwean 3 station. According to the EPA standard of measured parameters, the data are shown t in to be in the acceptable range and the results for zn showed that the levels in all 3 stations are within standard leveland heavy metal content of nickel a

This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal content (Nickel and vanadium) in muscle and liver tissues of Carangoiedes malabaricus in Bandar Abbas during winter 2011 and summer 2012. After biometry of the fish, muscle and liver tissues were separated. The amount of vanadium and nickel were measured by the atomic absorption instrument (Varian model GTA 100). Based on the results, the average concentration of nickel and vanadium in liver tissues were observed to be 0.2650±0.027 and 0.566±0.0075 µg/g and in muscle tissues 0.2011±0.0387 and 0.0898±0.0170 µg/g of dry weight, respectively. In winter the average concentration of nickel and vanadium in liver tissues were observed to be 0.2552±0.0422 and 0.0712±0.0116 µg/g respectively and in muscle tissues 0.2791 ±0.0710and 0.1435±0.0273µg/g respectively. In summer the average concentration of nickel and vanadium in liver tissues were observed 0.2748±0.0356 and 0.0419± 0.0084µg/g respectively and in muscle tissues 0.1232± 0.0169and 0.0361±0.0070 µg/g respectively. The difference between the average concentration of nickel in liver and muscle tissues of Carangoiedes malabaricus is significant (p<0.05) but the difference between the average concentration of vanadium in liver and muscle tissues is not significant (p>0.05). The comparison of the results with permissible limits of WHO and EPA organizations showed that the concentrations of these metals are low.

Lake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a complete research on the zoo-benthic community of the lake, the present study was conducted during a period of seven months from April 2011 to December 2011 with the exception of 5 months during very cold seasons when the lake was covered by ice. The benthic assemblage was sampled monthly from 3 sites in profundal zone. In total 6 genera and species and 5 families were found from which 1 species is unique in Iran. In this research, the dominant species of the lake are Quistadrilus multisetasus , Stylodrilus herngianusof class Oligochaets and Pisidium casertanum of class Bivalvia. Their abundance percentage determined in respect of total distribution were %69, %13 and %6, respectively. The maximum abundance of total population of macro- benthos in Gahar lake was 11617.78±4910.379 individual per square meter in May and the minimum was 1436.32±671/87 individual per square meter in April.

In this study, the precipitation forecasts by WRF model for daily pervasive heavy rains in Qazvin province was evaluated. For this purpose, 30 cases of the heavy and pervasive rains in Qazvin province during (2002-2011) with two different configurations (KFMYJ, GDMYJ) schemes by the WRF model at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours, have been simulated. Because of various heights and different climates of Qazvin and considering average rainfall, Qazvin was divided into five precipitation regions containing plain, plain margins, submontane, and mountains of Northeast and Southwest. Then with the two methods, point and areal, simulated rainfall and the corresponding observed values were evaluated. According to evaluated results, for GDMYJ configuration, root mean square error and bias multiple, with respective values of about 8.7 and 1.7 for 24-hour rainfall simulation are better than 48 and 72 hours. Also correlation coefficient between observations and model simulations of precipitation in the submontane region in comparison with other regions has slightly higher accuracy of approximately 0.5. In general, the fraction of systematic error to total error is very low and it is more due to random errors. Considering the rainfall threshold ≥10 mm and the 2×2 contingency tables for the occurrence or absence of precipitation, skill scores were calculated for the model in Qazvin region. The results showed that the model skill in predicting precipitation in 24, 48 and 72 hours on the threshold has acceptable accuracy and on average about 71% of cases were correctly predicted.