مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (صیف 1444)

One of the most important ways to understand people's thoughts is to study their written works. Each author draws a method consistent with his or her desired goals in order to affect the minds of readers. The style plays an important role in content transfer and access to the purpose of writing, because the readers’ inclination to read texts depends a lot on the proper structure of sentences. The most important modern trends are Stylistic that has multiple approaches, including Statistical Stylistics, a trend that uses quantity to achieve quality. This research deals with the study of Statistical Stylistics in Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah. Ten prayers based on their words and subjects were selected and then compared their vocabulary richness, according to the two theories propounded by Yule and his colleagues, and Johnson, through descriptive-analytical and statistical approaches. We concluded that the highest vocabulary richness of Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah is for the prayer 19 (Johnson's theory), and prayers 19 and 29 (by theory of Yule et al.), and the lowest is for the prayer 38 (Johnson’s theory), and the prayers 38 and 54 (by theory of Yule et al.). Thus, according to the two theories, the highest vocabulary richness is related to the moral category and the lowest is related to the historical category, but the differences between them was not much, and the reason of this differences have been the impact of social conditions.

Today, the economy of countries is based on the focus of entrepreneurs and business owners. The entrepreneurship development depends on paying attention to several aspects called entrepreneurship ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran’s Golestan province. Entrepreneurship ecosystem is unique in each region and since Golestan province has unique opportunities and special features for entrepreneurship development, this study was conducted focusing on the specific dimensions and characteristics there. For this purpose, the dimensions of the Eisenberg (2011) entrepreneurial ecosystem model were selected. Library data and field survey in the form of a questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population was randomly selected and included 16 experts. Dematel method and the network analysis process and Super Decision software were used to prioritize and weigh the indicators. The results show that the most important factors of entrepreneurship ecosystem in this province are support (NGOs, support specialties and infrastructure), market (primary customers and networks), human capital (labor force and Educational institutions), politics (government and governance), and capital (financial capital) and culture (successful examples and social norms). Based on the results, suggestions were made to improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Golestan province.

Composite paintings “figure in figure” have always been taken into account by Iranian and Indian painters. Drawings that consisted of a combination of different and smaller figures within a main body include human, animal, and in some cases, plant figures that are carved into a larger body. This method was used in Iranian and Indian paintings, the Mongol Gurkhani period and despite the fact that they indicate the beauty and creativity of artists of that period, they have differences in perspective and performance. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of this style of painting in Iran and India in the 10th and 11th centuries AH and also to identify differences between the methods applied that are very close in structure, to answer the main question of this article that what is the difference between the method of execution and expression of composite drawings in Iran and India? And how is the difference between them defined? In this article, two paintings from the Safavid period of Iran and two from the Mongol Gurkhani period are analyzed and compared with each other to determine their characteristics, similarities and differences. According to the findings, Indian painters performed an imaginary subject with an objectivist and realistic look, but the Iranian painter had an aesthetic and idealistic view of imagining the real world, like an exemplary and paradisiacal world. This article is done with the analytical-comparative method and going through library materials.

The paper deals with the comprehensiveness of principle of prohibition of detriment in the situations of lack of rules and mitigation of damage. The no-harm/damage rule is one of the most important jurisprudential rulings that are used in all juridical sections and researches. There is no doubt that harmful verdicts can be removed through this rule. But if damage is caused due to not rendering of judgment, there is disagreement about making up a judgment according to this rule. Obligation for making good a loss is a mental issue and reason does not make difference between existential and non-existence affairs. Moreover, by referring to the custom, it is understood that the obligation of compensation of affairs is uncommon. The contents of the law of damage are also related to the reality that any kind of damage, whether existential or else, must be compensated.

Today, in Iran, we are confronted with a somewhat new phenomenon called white marriage, which is also referred to as adherence, homosexuality, black or gray marriage. White marriage is called for a kind of cohabitation without religious or customary identity. This way of life is more prevalent in big cities, especially the capital, which does not mean we are not in cities. One of the groups most associated with this phenomenon is the student community. In this article, we examine the sociological explanation of white marriage formation among the student community of Tehran. Therefore, in this research, we have investigated this issue among 16 couples using an in-depth interpretive methodological approach (Grand Theory) with an in-depth interview technique. After completing interviews and reaching theoretical saturation and finally coding and analyzing data, the categories of "economic problems", "low expectations in these relationships against formal marriage", "emotional deficiency", hot disgrace (divorce and its consequences) as causal conditions, "anonymity", "migration", "individualism", "reduction in the number of marriages" as contextual variables, "discretionary choice", familiarity with homosexuality, "weakening of religious values "as confusing conditions," psychological and sexual support", "women's desire to have a relationship "," men's unwillingness to have a relationship", "diversity "as interactions, " white wedding limitations "," ontological insecurity "as consequences of this type of life were determined.

The present research aims to investigate the effect of philosophy education on social problem solving and creativity of preschool children. The study is a quasi-experimental and conducted with pre- and post-test control group. The statistical population included preschool children of District 4 of Tehran. The sample consisted of 80 people who were selected in two-stage by random cluster sampling and were placed in two equal groups of experimental (40 subjects) and control (40 subjects). Torrance Diverted Thinking Test (1988) and Child Social Problem-Solving Test (2000) were administered as instruments. Both groups were evaluated in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Training sessions were conducted in 8 sessions, each with 45 minutes for the experimental group. Philosophy education was taught to children in all 8 sessions.  Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance by SPSS21. Results showed that Philosophy education had a significant effect on social problem solving of preschool children. The results also showed that Philosophy education had a significant effect on the creativity of preschool children (P≤0/05). According to ETA coefficient, the effect of education using the method of philosophical exploration circles on creativity (0.136) and on social problem-solving skills (0.079). Therefore, it is suggested that pre-school educators use this approach to develop social problem-solving abilities and enhance children's creativity.

Human capital in any organization has a positive effect on the performance of activities and causes the goals to move forward in the direction of organizational development. By investing in human resources, the field of increasing the supply of specialized labor as a factor of growth and development is also provided. The field of entrepreneurial human capital developmentstrategies is one of the new research fields in the field of human capital and entrepreneurship and little research has been done in this regard and no comprehensive model presented so far. The review of the human capital literature shows that several factors affect the development of entrepreneurial human capital of an organization's employees. Due to the importance of the subject, the main purpose of this study is to design a model of entrepreneurial human capital development strategies in governmental organizations. This research conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and in order to collect data, in-depth and exploratory interviews used in two stages with 10 managers and experts of the Jihad Agricultural Organization. The interview tools approved both in terms of content validity and reliability based on the agreement between the two coders. Out of 280 verbal statements from the interviews, 28 influential factors at three levels: individual, organizational and macro level, as well as seven strategies for the development of entrepreneurial human capital, including training strategies, financial and legal policy strategies, human resource strategies, extra-organizational strategies, technological strategies, cultural strategies and discourse-building strategies obtained.

“Paradise” is one of the concepts common between myths and religions. This paper uses an analytical-descriptive method to study the concept of Paradise, the origin of which is different in religions, and there is existence of commonalities of this aspect. The existing similarities and shared view of the Paradise indicate the conceptual commonality of this word in rituals. The religion of Islam uses the Paradise in the form of the word “فردوس” and considers it as a reward for the pious and righteous. In other religions, too, the high-frequency of Paradise in religious books suggests a broader concept of it. In other words, its purpose is to be close to God and the Creator of the universe to achieve immortality. Mythical man, by imitating the gods who are immortal, wants to join eternity and open the wings to the infinite world and immortality from destruction in the immortal universe. He has tried to build a utopia on Earth and his image of the Paradise that bears a complete resemblance to the worldly Paradise. The Paradise-like cities imitated from the heavenly ones and built on Earth were analyzed in this paper. Examples of the mythical heroes of Shahnameh who tried to build Paradise on the Earth were mentioned.

Entrepreneurial learning as one of the most important learning skills among students of different academic disciplines needs a more detailed study in online-learning environment. Since online platforms can provide online entrepreneurial learning opportunities. This study examines the effects of online social resources on knowledge acquisition and improving the entrepreneurial learning process among e-university students. The study in terms of purpose is applied research and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. Data are collected using a researcher-made questionnaire by simple random sampling method and were by structural an equation modeling approach. Cronbach's alpha for all structures is higher than 0/7 and the value of mean variance extracted is higher than 0/5, so validity and reliability of the structures are confirmed. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between online social resources and knowledge acquisition as well as between knowledge acquisition and entrepreneurial learning. Using the advent of web-based technologies, this study can be valuable in explaining how different aspects of online social resources can enhance the effectiveness of entrepreneurial learning for students in multiple social environments.