نشریه مهندسی جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1401)

In addition to creating an active urban ecosystem, the management of cities in maintaining their green infrastructure can also have social and economic benefits.The purpose of this research is to use the sustainable components of green infrastructure in Lahijan, in order to strengthen the social dimension in regeneration programs, which in turn leads to the strengthening of economic and environmental components. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied nature. Using the Delphi method and interviewing urban experts and extracting the central categories from it, 3 social, economic and environmental criteria are considered and sub-criteria appropriate to each indicator are introduced and using the Fuller hierarchical triangle method, based on the repetition of criteria And sub-criteria, pairwise comparison was performed and the final weight was determined. Polygenesis analysis in Arc GIS software has been used to examine the management perspectives in the city in the seven areas of regeneration management. The results show the greater importance of social revival criteria with a normal of 0.33 and in the next ranks of economic criteria with a normal of 0.17. And environmental with 0.5. Which shows the effective role of proper management capacity of green infrastructure in promoting social life and consequently economic and environmental, which are the main components of sustainable regeneration. At the end, strategic proposals were presented to increase the social and economic acceptance in the areas under the management and rehabilitation of the green infrastructure of Lahijan city.

One of the most important strategies presented in the framework of rural sustainable development model is the observance of the principle of diversification in economic activities. Given the existence of multiple instabilities in different dimensions in rural areas, the present study investigates the impact of diversification of economic activities on the sustainability of rural settlements.

The research method, based on the nature of the work, was descriptive-analytical based on field and documentary methods. The statistical population is consistent with all rural settlements of Mashhad city. The dependent variable is "Sustainable Rural Development" in three economic, social and ecological dimensions, and the independent variable is "Rural Economy Diversity", which was examined separately for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The scale of all indicators and variables is relative research. The data were extracted using a questionnaire of local experts (Dehyar and village council members) in 21 villages over 100 people.

The results showed that only 27.8% of rural workers work in non-agricultural jobs. The results of regression also showed that the variety of agricultural activities had a significant statistical effect on explaining the sustainable development of rural settlements. That is, by increasing one standard deviation unit in the variability of agricultural activities, sustainable development increased by 0.43 standard deviation.

The purpose of this study is to explain the role of financial credits in the economy of rural areas of Masal city. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytical research method, the status of loans received by 331 rural sample households in 20 selected villages during the years 2006 to 2016 was examined. According to the results of the polls, most of the respondents with a frequency of 45.2 percent believe that financial credits have increased the income of the villagers by 11 to 20 percent. 48% believe that employment opportunities have increased due to the allocation of financial credits to rural light industries. 83.4% believe that the loans and financial credits received have had a positive effect on the empowerment of the villagers. 86.1% of the respondents believe that the loans and financial credits received have had a positive effect on improving the living conditions of the villagers. 38.1% believe that receiving financial credits has had a moderate effect on rural empowerment. 44% of the respondents believe that the financial credits allocated to the workshop industries have had a moderate effect on the migration situation of the villagers. In general, it can be said that financial credit has to some extent led to the prosperity of service activities, the prosperity of workshop industries and increased the income of the villagers of Masal city. Accordingly, by providing financial resources and allocating funds to the villagers through public sector measures and supporting the private sector, as well as paying attention to rural cooperatives

Space, in various forms, is the key subject of geography. Space is probably the most cited word to give geography a unifying identity and focus. spatial development is one of the topics that has occupied the minds of the domestic scientific community in the field of geographical studies in the last decade; Numerous experts in this field have commented on physical development, spatial and economic justice, so that various researches have been done in this field. Therefore, the present article intends to explore the theoretical field of research conducted in the field of spatial development in geographical studies in Iran. The research method of the present article is of a combined type and is based on a meta-study strategy. The statistical population of the research consists of 40 scientific-research articles with a thematic focus on spatial development. In order to collect and analyze data, methods such as systematic review and open coding have been used. In this context, a comprehensive form for summarizing and extracting data from selected researches was prepared, which contained categories specific to the general characteristics and approaches of the articles. The results of the research indicate a one or two dimensional view of the issue of spatial development in geographical studies in Iran. The researches have considered the predominant expression of spatial development; Therefore, in most studies, the physical-spatial approach and sometimes in studies related to spatial justice have been considered as spatial development and have failed to pay attention to other aspects of spatial development.

Planning and designing cities based on the needs of pedestrians is one of the new approaches that has been considered in recent years, especially in large cities. In most cities of Iran, giving priority to the car-oriented system in urban arteries endangers the safety of citizens and reduces their vitality and social dynamism. Therefore, the present study has tried to study the safety and security of sidewalks adjacent to shopping malls with an emphasis on walkabilty in one of the northern cities of the country, Ramsar. The research methodology is based on descriptive-analytical approaches and the statistical population of the research included commercial uses located in the two main streets of the city, namely Motahhari and Razzaqi. By determining the number of samples, two types of questionnaires were prepared and completed for vendors and citizens. To analyze the collected data SPSS, Friedman and Spearman correlation tests were applied. The results of Spearman show that there is a positive correlation between the elimination of the car-based function of street and security- safety at the level of Motahari and Razaghi streets, more than 0.569 units (57%), i.e. 57% on safety. Based on the ranking test of the safety and security components of the sidewalks adjacent to shopping malls, it was determined through the Friedman test that the permeability component with an average of 5.00 and the safety component with an average of 4.80 were in the first and second ranks, respectively and they have the greatest impact on the safety and security

By extending the concept of participation among pundits and developmental scholars, many of developmental activists present scientific and logical solutions in order to encourage and promote participation and emphasize the importance of it. In rural development studies there is great attention on the concept of rural participation so that by measuring people participation in rural areas the progress of rural development management can be evaluated. In order to gain a benefit from this criterion and activating the theoretical concept of participation in researches there is a need to define variables and phrases in questionnaire and valid format. These variables and phrases can be used to measure the concept of people participation in rural areas by researchers. Although a lot of studies have been done in rural areas about the issue researchers do not have a clear and acceptable tool which is approved and validated by developmental scholars. The study is based on applied and qualitative research with the aim of starting a new movement to achieve a valid tool including targeted, clear and explicit questions according to the respondents understanding that able to collect reliable information on the concept of participation of rural areas. Thereupon, 20 phrases related to participation have been judged by 40 academic experts and masters in executive organizations. Calculating CVI and CVR for each phrase determine in what extent these phrases identify the concept of rural participation. Finally, among 20 phrases 15 of them identified as valid ones.

Cities and villages as residential pattern with different functions and flat specific functions have mutual relations and it can lead to a just and bilateral system that result in prosperity and bilateral credibility of cities and villages that result in economic and social fabric of villages and uneven development of cities . This has led to a recession in many villages now, if the relationship is made with planning, it can contribute to the sustainability of the population. according to this purpose, the above research has been developed and using field findings and descriptive - analytic method have investigated the subject of the analysis of the statistical population according to the Morgan method of 310 people living in the 40 villages. the results show that over the years, the town and village relations have caused the population to be small, while the villagers are not willing to leave the village if they consent to live in the village.

The main objective of this research is toevaluate the effects of implementation of Rehabilitation and renovation projects on improving the quality of life of inhabitants of Kermanshah. this texture, which has a significant share of the city's size, is economically important due to the fact that the city's business centers are located there as well as the presence of important historical buildings in this area.the methodology used for data collection and analysis for libraries and documentary studies and field studies (observation, interviews, surveys and questionnaire). the research is descriptive and analytical. methods of data collection instruments and questionnaire the survey was conducted using two methods.according to the research and evaluation of urban renewal and development plans in the context of improving the quality of urban life the content and questionnaire analysis using cochran formula (200 samples) is used SPSS software is used Kermanshah city as the cradle of civilization, is now faced with poverty and extreme deprivation that cause the appearance and texture spatial crystallization of poor, disadvantaged families and provide.the research findings of socio-cultural indicators with an average(2.39),environmental(2.57),managerial(2.43), economic(2.79), physical indicators and the structure of urban space (2.97), and overall assessment of the quality of urban life upgrade (2.64) that use single-sample T test the quality of urban living standards are lower than average.economic promotion of urban life quality index highest average(2.79) have.the results show improvement and modernization of old texture of Kermanshah plan to improve the quality of life and environment and its citizens have achieved major attention.

By stating that today the role of pedestrians in the city and especially the ancient tissues is much less than before, this research seeks to find necessary strategies for designing pedestals in historical textures. For this purpose, it is tried to evaluate the capabilities of the pedestrian-orientation of the Historical-tourism axis of Imam Street in Semnan city, using available criteria of previous studies and experiments.

For this purpose, it is tried to evaluate the capabilities of the pedestrian-orientation of the historical axis of Imam Street in Semnan city, using available criteria of previous studies and experiments.

The results showed that the strengths create opportunities for the use of opportunities on this historic axis and the ability to become a pedestrian. Then, the criteria for improving the pedestrian-centered quality of the study were prioritized using hierarchical analysis (AHP), which include permeability and access, variety of user and activity, body structure and pathway.

In the end, based on studies and analyzes, a proposed plan has been proposed to improve the pedestrian capability of the axis, which can provide a good basis for facilitating and encouraging pedestrians and tourism development.

Despite extensive efforts to determine criteria for identifying and distinguishing these cities, so far no single theoretical and empirical basis for identifying global cities has been provided. One of the basic and important ways to understand the characteristics of global cities and the extent to which cities are moving towards development and globalization are the descriptions and characteristics provided by various researchers. This basic research is a descriptive-analytical method of expressing and examining the theories presented by the eminent researcher John Friedman, about the characteristics of global cities and how to reach a global city. Friedman believes that the three world cities of London, New York and Tokyo, with their large economies in hand, have taken over the role of commander and the top of the urban hierarchy. The importance of this research lies in the fact that by emphasizing the ideas of John Friedman, it shows the ways to achieve development and progress, and according to the outstanding criteria of the world city, it paves the way to the world city.Based on the research results, it can be said that the city should show its dynamic characteristics. Any metropolis that can be influential at the international or global level in one of the fields of economics, culture and politics, and as a center and a superior pole, can assume functions such as international command, domination and control in its geopolitical space, can Have the status of a world city.

Today, urbanization has become an important and complex issue of different societies its rapid growth in various decades has driven planners who pay more attention to the economic, social, and cultural and ... issues of society therefore, improvement of urban environment quality is one of the goals of urban planning. Standard urban furniture elements are not only essential to urban life, rather, it will play a major role in citizens' satisfaction with the urban environment. This research purpose is Assessment of Urban Furniture Status and Citizens Satisfaction Measure Case Study: Valiasr Area in Tabriz. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Method of data collection through review of relevant literature and articles, field and comparative surveys, questionnaires and interviews with citizens, data were analyzed by SPSS software using Spearman correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test and factor analysis model. The results of this study show That compares (evaluates furniture to standards) the status of existing urban furniture the Valiasr area in Tabriz has different standards in terms of construction, design and location and in many cases standards have not been met. Also in the Citizens Survey section about the satisfaction with the furniture in the study area, Satisfaction is lower than average. The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient indicate that, there is more satisfaction with the quality of lighting than other factors and the least of it is about security and quality of transportation.

In this research, the probability of duration and frequency of rainy and non-rainy periods of Karaj station were studied using two-state first order Markov chain model. Daily rainfall data of Karaj station were sorted based on number of rainy and non-rainy day matrix, during a given statistical period (1985-2008) for 24 years and then probability matrix was measured on the basis of maximum of likelihood. The results of this study show that Probability of daily raining was 0.2470 and lack of raining was 0.7869. But, the highest probability of rainy in Karaj County was October that marked 0.53. March had the lowest return period for 2 and 3 days raining, that is, 4.5 and 13.5 days, and September had 27.08 days for 2 days raining and 705.25 days for 3 days raining, respectively in return period. The January, February, March, April, May and December were of highest probability of raining in p(x=4) base on computing probability of occurrence of rainy days via Poisson distribution.

Over time, various components of the city are changing and its population is increasing. Spatial and physical growth and development in them is also inevitable, but what is considered is how to manage these developments in a way that costs are reduced and the benefits to society in the future are optimal. In the meantime, balanced spatial developments in urban residential areas are an inevitable necessity. In this regard, this article has tried to study and measure the spatial developments of the southwest of the metropolis of Tehran (Eslamshahr city) during the years 2020-1996. The method of collecting data and information is field and using satellite image reference sites. In the present study, satellite images of Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 were used to study the spatial changes (land use) created by the cross-tab model, kappa coefficient, Arc/Gis and Goole Map software. The results of the study to investigate the spatial changes in the cities of Eslamshahr, Chahardangeh and Ahmadabad Mostofi showed that the highest growth and development of urban development created for land use for the period 1996-2001 with an increase of 51.27% in May Be. The reason for this urban growth is the increase in the population of the study area, which in this period has increased by 50,000 people over the population of the study area and the lowest growth is related to the period 2016-2017 with an increase of 1.35 percent.

Tourism creates significant economic,socio-cultural and environmental benefits for rural and less developed areas through income and infrastructure development,which ultimately contributes to rural development. The main purpose of this study is to explain the role of tourism in rural development southwest of Gilan. The statistical population of this study is the total number of households living in rural areas, from which 378 rural heads of households were selected as the sample size. The present study is an applied research that has been done by descriptive-analytical method.The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between tourism and rural development in the villages of the southwestern region of Gilan.Also, the results of multivariate analysis show independent variables (dimensions of tourism potential) on the rural development variable. The most important variable that explains the greatest variance of rural development in the region is the economic dimension. This variable alone explains 40.3% of the changes in the dependent variable and shows that the components of this dimension have a significant impact on rural development. The second variable is the physical-spatial dimension, which explains 20.2% of the variance changes. In the third and fourth stages, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions entered regression, which explained a significant percentage of the variance of rural development. With the entry of these two variables, the ability to explain the pattern in the last stage has reached 75.4%. In other words, the research model with four variables (dimension) has explained 75.4% of the changes in rural development.(R2 = 0.754)

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the principles and impact of passive defense in land management in Zahedan. The research method is descriptive and analytical and is based on library, documentary and field studies. TIn the following, Expert Choice software has been used to review and rank the actions of the effective principles of passive defense on land management. Among the measures proposed in all principles, evaluation of vulnerable areas of Zahedan city against the threat with a weight of 0.342, action of accurate interaction of three elements of population, performance and scale of Zahedan city with a weight of 0.654, action to determine safety and protection standards And defense with a weight of 0.578, action to observe the economic nature of the plans and not impose a high cost with a weight of 0.352, action to define and assess the degree of security for each plan against the threat with a weight of 0.582, action to investigate The possibility of separating systems in terms of feasibility, economic, technical and safety with a weight of 0.289, the use of technical standards resistant to critical and sensitive structures with a weight of 0.312, the action of checking points Safe in the safe geographical area of Zahedan city with a weight of 0.432, Finally, the priority of the needs and centers to the vital and sensitive facilities with a weight of 0.398, have the highest weights.