International Journal of Organ Transplantation Medicine
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Decrease in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is one of the complications of kidney transplantation in which many factors are involved. The results of studies are different and contradictory.

to investigate the prevalence and related factors influencing BMD in renal transplant recipients.

all kidney recipients (69 patients) referring to the Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Southwest of Iran, were included between 2016 and 2018. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). According to Z- score and T- score, patients were divided into two groups: fewer than 50 and over 50 age years. All demographic, background variables and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze.

The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in the femur and lumbar spine was 38% and 32%, respectively. In patients under 50 years, Osteoporosis in the femur showed a significant relationship with vitamin D level and gender. In patients over 50 years, increased age and length of prednisolone consumption were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the femoral neck (P <0.05). Moreover, the length of use of prednisolone was associated with osteoporosis in the lumbar spine (RRR=1.02; p <0.05).

various factors such as prednisolone consumption affect BMD reduction in renal transplant recipients. Regular monitoring of BMD, reducing prednisolone dose as much as possible, training on effective supplements, and other preventive and supportive measures can be helpful and necessary.

In utero xenotransplantation of stem cells in the abnormal fetuses is effectively used to treat several genetic illnesses. The current research was aimed to evaluate structural and morphological alterations in the liver of rabbit fetuses following xenotransplantation of human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hWJ-MSCs), using a stereological technique. hWJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and their authenticity was established by flow-cytometry and differentiation. At gestational day 14, the rabbits were anesthetized and hWJ-MSCs were injected into uteri of 24 fetuses. 22 fetuses were born successfully. Ten rabbit liver specimens were prepared from injected fetuses including eight rabbits on day 3 following birth and two rabbits on the 21st post-natal day. The non-injected fetuses were considered as positive controls. The livers of the control and hWJ-MSCs-treated rabbits were fixed, processed, stained, and examined through stereological approaches. In the hWJ-MSCs-treated group, the mean of liver weight and volume enhanced ~42% and ~78% comparing with the control ones. The total volume of the hepatocytes increased ~63% and that of sinusoids almost triplicated in the treated rabbits. The total volume of the central veins increased ~70%. The total number corresponding to hepatocytes in the experimental group enhanced ~112% in comparing with control rabbits. The total volume of the hepatocyte nuclei in the experimental group enhanced ~117% in comparing with control rabbits. In conclusion, after xenotransplantation of human MSCs, host tissue microenvironments (here the rabbit liver) altered quantitative factors corresponding to the liver tissue and hepatocyte morphometric indices.

This study aims to propose a first development of the FACT-Liver Transplantation (FACT-LT) scale that assess the major concerns, both physical and emotional, of patients before and after Orthotopic Liver transplantation (OLT) due to acute and chronic liver failure and for Hepatocellular carcinoma.

The FACT-LT was developed in two phases. In Phase I, items were generated: 1) through interview to 10 OLT experts and 15 candidates for or recipients of OLT (oncological, non-oncological) that identified relevant topics; 2) from the FACIT item bank. In Phase II, a questionnaire to assess item frequency, applicability, and comprehension were administered to 20 OLT experts and to assess item difficulty, embarrassment, content irrelevance to 30 transplanted or candidate patients (15 oncological, 15 non-oncological).

In the Phase I, 44 items were formulated/reviewed, and 30 items were retained. All the healthcare professionals interviewed rejected the suggestion to develop two different modules for cancer and non-cancer patients. In the Phase II, the majority of the experts and patients expressed overall satisfaction with the questionnaire, indicating that the items were relevant, comprehensible and not embarrassing (range 75% - 99%). The first version of the FACT-LT includes 28 items encompassing four QOL domains: 5 items relating to Physical Well-Being, 8 to Functional Well-Being, 13 to Emotional Well-Being, and 2 to Social/Family Well-Being.

The preliminary results obtained are encouraging, however further studies are needed to proceed with the FACT-LT validation process.

The significance of attached gingiva for the maintenance of periodontal health has been a topic of interest.

This study aimed to compare the amniotic allograft with a free gingival graft (FGG) to improve the attached gingiva width (AGW) around the teeth.

In this randomized control clinical trial study, 14 out of 28 patients in need of an increase in their AGW, were randomly assigned to the test group and received the amniotic allograft, while the other half as the control group were treated with a palatal FGG. The mean AGW, graft shrinkage and color match were assessed at various intervals (1, 2, 6 and 12 weeks) following the operation and the photographs were taken at these follow-up sessions. The level of pain was evaluated based on visual analog scale (VAS).

The AGW was not significantly different between the two groups in the 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively (P=0.17, 0.73, 0.76 respectively). There was no significant difference in the amount of shrinkage between the two groups at different intervals (P=0.38, 0.57 and 0.52 respectively). The color match was superior (not significantly) in the amniotic allograft group in mentioned intervals (P=0.59, 0.31 and 0.18 respectively). All VAS pain scores in the test group were significantly lower than control group (P <0.05).

Application of the amniotic allograft could decrease the postoperative pain and discomfort, and effectively increase the AGW. Considering the disadvantages of FGG, the amniotic allograft can be considered as an alternative to FGG.

Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogenous eye diseases that affect a significant percentage of the world's population, i.e. age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma. Regenerative medicines are looking for the novel therapies for severe injuries or chronic diseases, e.g. retina degeneration. Müller glia is the only type of retinal glia that has a common embryonic origin with retinal neurons derived from the neural crest. Also, the lack of neurons in the retina does not automatically regenerate. Therefore, Müller glial cells which make up about 5% of retinal cells, are potent source for retinal regeneration. Following the retinal damage, Müller glial cells dedifferentiate and re-enter the cell cycle, producing multipotent progenitor cells. This feature leads to applying Müller glial cells in regeneration of retina. In this study, we review the molecular and clinical approaches on this feature, focusing on the critical signaling pathways, generation and transplantation methods and clinical and sub-clinical challenges.

Heredity hypouricemia is caused by renal hypouricemia or by xanthinuria. Here we’re going to discuss about xanthinuria. Xanthinuria divided to type 1 with deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase, and type 2 with xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase deficiency. Here in we report a case of xanthinuria type 1 that develop with kidney failure, hemodialysis done for him but kidney function not modified, so kidney transplant done for him. His serum uric acid was 0.1 mg/dl before and after transplantation.