مجله فیزیک کاربردی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 29، تابستان 1401)

Hydrophilicity is one of the essential properties of biocompatible materials to be placed in the body environment. In this research, improvement in hydrophilicity of the surfaces of polyethylene and polystyrene samples with implantation of helium ion was studied. A 10 µA helium ion beam with an energy of 10 keV delivered by the department of physics university of Tehran’s electrostatic accelerator was used. The samples were bombarded with a beam at two angles of 45° and 90° relative to the surface of the sample. No remarkable difference was observed in the hydrophilicity of the samples bombarded with the two mentioned above angles. Implantation was performed with various fluences in the range of  . A variation of the fluence revealed that the contact angle may be reduced 14 and 16 degrees for polyethylene and polystyrene samples, respectively. The surface roughness of the samples was measured before and after ion implantation with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The reported roughness for each sample is the average of 30 measurements. It was observed that ion implantation has the opposite impact on the surface roughness of polyethylene and polystyrene. On average, the surface roughness of polyethylene samples decreased 32 nm, in contrast to the polystyrene roughness, which increased 33 nm.

One of the dominant modes of decay of the standard model Higgs boson is its decay into b  pair. Subsequently, either b or  can fragment directly into the upsilon meson. In this paper, the direct branching fractions of the standard model Higgs boson to the upsilon meson are calculated via direct fragmentation b and  quarks. The results obtained from our calculations show that, the decay ratio of the Higgs boson to the upsilon pair is equal to , which is a very good agreement with the value reported by CMS Collaboration which is equal to  . In addition, the direct decay branching fraction of the Higgs boson to the pair upsilon with longitudinal polarization from our calculations, compare to its decay to the unpolarization upsilon pair, it shows a 13% reduction, which is comparable to the 22% decrease is reported by the CMS Collaboration. Therefore, it can be concluded that the dominant contribution in the decay of the Higgs boson to the upsilon, is the direct fragmentation of the quark b and antiquark .

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are cheap and earth abundant solar cells that require novel ideas for further improvement. In this study, we use TiO2 nanofibers to fabricate the DSSCs photoanode. In order to isolate the transparent conductive oxide from the electrolyte species, we deposit a spin-coated TiO2 blocking layer. The characteristics of this cell are further improved by decorating the nanofibers with Ag nanoparticles which generate surface plasmonic resonances. It is shown that LSPRs increase the generated current in the cells by providing a higher light absorption and lower recombination. Our best cell showed an efficiency of 6.19%, which is a significant improvement in comparison to the bare DSSC with 4.84% efficiency.

An investigation of the modern phenomena of condensed matter physics, called, magnetization plateau and magnetization jump, visible as anomalies in spin susceptibility at zero temperature, have been carried out theoretically in a zero-dimensional boron triangular Kagome lattice (0D-BTKL), namely quantum dots of BTKL, subjected to a staggering sublattice potential. By analyzing the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interaction, the magnetic ground state of the 0D-TKL in the presence of two magnetic adatoms, in the presence of a staggered sublattice potential is evaluated. The important salient feature of the 0D-BTKLs is the emergence of the RKKY plateaus versus the Fermi energy. The spatial configurations of the magnetic impurities dramatically change the quality and quantity of the RKKY plateaus. These RKKY plateaus have not been reported before, to the best of our knowledge. Our finite-size results successfully confirm that both the width and location of the RKKY plateaus are tunable using an external potential and Fermi energy. Another remarkable observation is the nontrivial behavior, namely the magnetization jump, which accompanies the discontinuity in the spin susceptibility curves versus the staggering potential in our calculations. We believe that our results provide significant insights towards designing further experiments to search for the realization of the magnetization plateau phases and magnetization jumps in spintronics and pseudospin electronics devices based on BTKLs.

Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this paper, we proposed a Multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme of the 6-qubit entangled state. In the proposed scheme,  the sender teleports the desired information by transmitting a 6-qubit entangled quantum state to the receiver through the N intermediate nodes between the source node and destination node. Therefore,  the sender and receiver are not in direct connection with each other, and the information is teleported in Multi-hop between the N neighbor nodes. Also, in this scheme, the 7-qubit entangled states as quantum channels are shared between neighbor nodes.  Always, teleportation processes over long distances are problematic because of the existence of the environmental noise which is almost inescapable and adversely affects the entangled quantum channel. This scheme explains the quantum teleportation between N nodes in N-1 steps and it is suitable for teleportation processes over long distances. Also, we calculate the efficiency of this scheme and indicate the advantages of this protocol.

In this research, the chiral perturbation theory and the mechanism of three-body forces, which are of great importance, are employed through simulations to investigate the chain interaction. In the following, important parameters such as scattering amplitude ratio, decay rate, and scattering cross section of this decay have been calculated. Due to the fact that in nuclear processes, accuracy up to the next to leading order (NLO) can reduce the error rate to a high extent, the calculations performed in this research have been done up to (NLO). The obtained results are highly consistent with the experimental results.