Journal of New Approaches in Exercise Physiology
Volume:3 Issue: 6, Summer and Autumn 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 week a selected aerobic exercise program on body composition, lipid profile, and working ability of employees involved overweight and obese.

In this semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group, 65 overweight employees were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. Then aerobic exercise program three sessions per week and each session 65-50 minutes, was performed for 12 weeks for the experimental group. The control group did not have such an intervention. Body composition indices, workability index and, lipid profile were measured before and after the training protocol for both groups. Data were analyzed using the covariance test (ANCOVA).

The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced body composition indices, including (fat percentage, body mass index, and waist to pelvic ratio) and total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) the exercise group compared with the control group. The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the ability to work index of the exercise group also increased (P <0.05).

The results indicated that aerobic exercise could improve body composition, lipid profile and workability index, and prevented contracting chronic diseases, reducing their ability to work, and retiring early in overweight and obese employees.

In addiction field, there is more attention on men than women, while women are more vulnerable to addiction. Because of the importance of women in the family foundation, we decided to investigate this subject.

This study aims at the effect of 8-weeks of combined training with methadone on cardiovascular inflammatory markers fibrinogen and CRP on addicted women.

This study accomplished as a semi-experimental research. 24 addicted women were randomly selected as samples from Zahedan Mohabbat addiction Camp that divided in two groups of methadone (N= 11) and methadone/ exercise (N= 13) by the same variables such as age, BMI, type and duration of drug withdrawal. The protocol of combined exercise was included of aerobic added to strength training; also methadone was taken according to the camp instructions, too. Blood sampling, pre and post 8 weeks exercise were directly collected from anterior veins of samples and the levels of plasma fibrinogen and CRP were measured in lab. To compares of the pre and post tests means for each group as well as both groups, paired and independent t-test via SPSS software version 24 were used, respectively. Statistical significant level was considered P<0.05.

The results showed that CRP values in both groups decreased significantly (methadone: P<0.05, T=-2.21 and methadone/ exercise P<0.05, T=-2.63). Also, plasma fibrinogen values in both groups increased significantly (methadone: P<0.05, T=5.03 and methadone/ exercise: P<0.05, T=4.21). Also, there were no significant difference between post-test’s levels of CRP and fibrinogen between methods (P>0.05).

It has suggested that the method of methadone/ exercise might be used as such as methadone method by the same results on plasma fibrinogen levels and CRP for withdrawal addiction women

Cell homeostasis is an essential factor in maintaining cellular health and intracellular mechanisms, which can also be associated with inflammatory factors and increased stress for muscle cell health. Calcium is also a necessary factor in cell health and is to establish homeostasis in the body. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity training on serum calcium levels in combat women.

For this purpose, 18 women karateka in the age range of 17 to 23 years were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (n=7) and exercise ((n=11). The exercise group performed proper exercises to improve karate and aerobic techniques for 6 weeks in the intensities of more than 80% of the maximum heart rate reserve. Physiological indices and blood samples were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the training protocol. To measure calcium cell biomarker, the Pars Azmoon calcium kit was used. Research data were analysed by covariance test‎at‎the‎significant‎level‎ (P≤0.05)‎ using SPSS software version 25.

After six weeks of high-intensity training, there was a significant difference in serum calcium levels in the exercise group compared to the control group (P = 0.002). Also, the results within the group showed a significant increase in serum calcium (P = 0.016) in the exercise group compared to baseline conditions.

High intensity training seems to increase serum calcium in female athletes, and this can lead to precursors to cellular disorders, muscle damage and increase inflammatory factors and ultimately decrease the performance of female athletes. However, more research is essential in this regard.

the etiology of children obesity can be varied. Adipose tissue is an active tissue that secretes proteins such as TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term sprint interval training on serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, insulin, and lipid profile in overweight boys.

a number of 30 overweight male students (with a mean age of 9.93±0.2 and BMI of 27.73±0.2) were randomly assigned to the control group (n=15) and sprint interval training (n=15). The subjects of the experimental group did the training for eight weeks, as the control group was engaged in doing their daily activities without intervention. Measurement of anthropometric indices and fasting blood collection were performed (to measure insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and TG) one day before and one day after the training program.

the results of the present study indicated that 8 weeks of sprint interval training significantly decreased weight and BMI in overweight children (P<0.001). In addition to weight and BMI reduction, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL significantly reduce the following eight weeks of the sprint interval workout (P< 0.001 for all), while adiponectin and HDL levels increase (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively).

in general, the present study demonstrate that sprint interval training which is a new way of physical activity exerted a positive effect on most of components contributing to children obesity.

Prediabetes refers to a condition where the level of fasting blood sugar reaches 100- 125 mg/dl. The prediabetes pervasiveness is growing throughout the world. The main objective of the present research is the exploration of the body composition and anthropomorphic differences among prediabetes and normal people for finding the plans for scanning prediabetes and the impact of exercise on it.

The present descriptive cross-sectional research conducted on 251 people. The signed informed consents and information of the education, age, exercise etc. gathered. Then, blood glucose tested, and 133 and 118 participants respectively had been chosen for the prediabetes and normal groups. Digital scales, wall stadiometer, tape measure and body composition monitor had been employed to measure anthropomorphic and body composition indices.

Total pervasiveness of prediabetes was 52.98% that accounted for 41.03% of the male and 11.95% of the female. Any significant differences didn’t found in the education level, exercise and physical activity between two groups (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the age just in the male group (p=0.043). It found that the prediabetic participants experience visceral fat, BMI, WC, and WHR higher than the normal participants (p=0.037, p=0.010, p=0.000, and p=0.002, respectively) just in the female group.

It has been concluded that anthropomorphic and body composition have differences between normal and prediabetes participants; therefore, they may be used as the screening programs. Moreover, it has been suggested that prediabetes can be prevented by controlling anthropometric and body composition indices by exercise.

Low back pain is one of the most common health problems of the world. Very different causes can cause back pain. Approximately 85% of people who are examined for low back pain the cause is not specific. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the knee abnormalities on pain intensity and functional fitness in middle aged men with the chronic nonspecific low back pain.

The statistical community of this study includes 30 people of patient’s male with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 30-50 years with one of the abnormalities of genu varum or genu valgum.

The research findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (dependent t and independent t tests). The research findings indicate that both the pain and disability of the experimental groups have significantly decreased after applying selected of corrective programs (Stretching muscles and short elements and strengthening weakened muscles). Sitting frog, walking with the inner edges of the legs, pressure to enter the wall with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu varum. passing legs from one side to another in the form of scissors in liner mode, passing the medicine ball to the wall with the inside of the legs, walking with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu valgum (p<0.05). While the two variables in the control group did not differ significantly (p>0.05).

According to the results and considering the conditions prevailing on the research samples, it can be concluded that knee abnormalities (genu varum and genu valgum) affected by pain intensity and functional fitness efficacy in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients and Corrective exercises of these abnormalities has had a significant effect on reduce pain and disability index.

Low back pain is one of the most common health problems of the world. Very different causes can cause back pain. Approximately 85% of people who are examined for low back pain the cause is not specific. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the knee abnormalities on pain intensity and functional fitness in middle aged men with the chronic nonspecific low back pain.

The statistical community of this study includes 30 people of patient’s male with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 30-50 years with one of the abnormalities of genu varum or genu valgum.

The research findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (dependent t and independent t tests). The research findings indicate that both the pain and disability of the experimental groups have significantly decreased after applying selected of corrective programs (Stretching muscles and short elements and strengthening weakened muscles). Sitting frog, walking with the inner edges of the legs, pressure to enter the wall with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu varum. passing legs from one side to another in the form of scissors in liner mode, passing the medicine ball to the wall with the inside of the legs, walking with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu valgum (p<0.05). While the two variables in the control group did not differ significantly (p>0.05).

According to the results and considering the conditions prevailing on the research samples, it can be concluded that knee abnormalities (genu varum and genu valgum) affected by pain intensity and functional fitness efficacy in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients and Corrective exercises of these abnormalities has had a significant effect on reduce pain and disability index.

Vaspin is an adipokine secreted from fatty tissues that has serious effects on adipose tissues, muscles, liver, and inflammation.

The study aimed at determining the effects of 8 weeks of combined training (resistance and endurance) on the serum vaspin level in obese girls.

The examinees consisted of 25 obese female students (BMI> 30) from Sistan-Baluchestan University in 2016-17 academic years who voluntarily participated in the research. Samples were divided randomly into two groups: Training (n = 13) and Control (n = 12). Combined training group had both resistance training (5 stations of foot press, Lat pulldown, biceps curl, knee flexion and knee extension for 75-70 minutes) and; endurance was running on the treadmill; in the 2 first weeks, with 60% HRmax for 25 minutes, in the 3-6 th weeks with 75-65% HRmax for 35 minutes, and in the 6-8 th weeks with 75 -85% HRmax for 40 minutes, continuously, for 3sessions each week. Also 10 minutes at the beginning and at the end of the training were warm up and cool down for athletes. It should be noted that during this period the control group did not participate in any kind of sports activities. After receiving the consent forms, the examinees were given enough information regarding the research procedure and their blood samples were obtained in a standard position, collected in pipes containing EDTA, and centrifuged 24 and 48 hours before and after the first and last training sessions, respectively. The obtained plasmas were kept at -80 °C and their serum vaspin concentrations were measured by ELISA method using the special Human Vaspin kit. To analyze the data, the paired and independent t-test and SPSS-21 Software were performed; the meaningfulness level p was considered to be less than 0.05 (p < 0.05).

Results showed that after 8 weeks of combined training, the vaspin levels, weight, BMI, WHR, and %BF decreased meaningfully in the training Group compared to the control Group (P <0.05).

considering the meaningful vaspin reduction in this study, it seems that combined training (resistance and endurance) is beneficial to obese and overweighed people.

Volleyball is known as sport that requires high physical fitness, including muscle power, agility and reaction; hence, body composition and anthropometric features play important roles in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition indices with lower limb explosive power in female volleyball players.

This correlational study was conducted in which 16 semi-professional female volleyball players with an average age of 20.4 ± 1.34 years and BMI of 22.09 ± 3.42 kg/m2 voluntarily participated. All volleyball players had a history of participation in the Tehran province volleyball league. First, data were collected and recorded by demographic questionnaire. Then, the body composition (fat percentage, muscle mass, visceral fat) was measured and recorded in the 3-hours fasting condition by body analysis device (OMRUN Bf511). Finally, Sargent Vertical Jump Test was used to evaluate explosive power of the lower limb muscles.

Pearson correlation coefficient was used at the significant level p <0.05 for statistical analysis. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between muscle mass and lower limb explosive power (P <0.02) and a significant negative correlation between explosive power and fat percentage (p <0.05). Also, a significant positive relationship was found between height and explosive power of lower limb.

The results of this study show that resistance training along with volleyball specific power training can increase the muscle mass as well as it is at the same time.

The present study was done to specify the impacts of a protocol called “living high, training low and high (LHTLH)”on serum ET-1 and EPO levels as well as the 3000-m performance of endurance runners in Iran’s national team.

eight male runners (aged24.4±3.1, height of 180.5±4.2, weight of66.7±3.4 and BMI of20.1±5.0kg/m2) who cooperated voluntarily with regard to middle distance and marathon running (R2M system training) at high and low altitudes. All case studies did 3000-m test and blood samples were taken at a time period of 24-hours before and after the test. The intended tasks consisted of continuous, interval, aerobic and resistance exercises. The runners were to take part in 16 training sessions each week. It should be noted that the training lasted for 11 weeks according to (LHTLH) protocol. Variance with repeated measures (P≤0.05) was utilized as the method to analyze the collected data.

It was shown that 3000-m time underwent significant decrease with regard to the time of impact both before and after the training. However, there were not significant changes in EPO (P≥0.05). On the contrary the amount of ET-1 demonstrated significant increase (P≤0.05).

The results indicated that 3000-m time at lower altitudes will decrease on account of certain training programs. The reason is not directly related to the level of EPO. It is through hematological and metabolic changes as well as increase of ET-1 levels that performance under hypoxic and normoxic states happens to improve in the real sense

</strong> Creatine is the most important and commonly used supplement in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of moderate altitude and short-term Creatine supplementation on musculoskeletal damage indicators in male climbers.

</strong> 16 male hikers with at least 2 years of hiking experience selected. Subjects (age 30.6±6.3 yrs.), (height 178.3±6/4 cm), (weight 77.6±11.25kg) were randomly divided into experimental (Creatine supplement) and control groups (placebo). The experimental group consumed 20 gr/day of the supplement for 5 days, while the control group received aPurpose: Creatine is the most important and commonly used supplement in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of moderate altitude and short-term Creatine supplementation on musculoskeletal damage indicators in male climbers. Method: 16 male hikers with at least 2 years of hiking experience selected. Subjects (age 30.6±6.3 yrs.), (height 178.3±6/4 cm), (weight 77.6±11.25kg) were randomly divided into experimental (Creatine supplement) and control groups (placebo). The experimental group consumed 20 gr/day of the supplement for 5 days, while the control group received a placebo. The first blood samples were taken before the hiking session at the location of program. Hiking program consisted of ascending to Tochal peak at an altitude of 3961m. The second blood samples were taken after returning from the peak at an altitude of 3750 meters. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test and K-S test with a significant coefficient of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between LDH and AST enzyme levels in post-test compared to pre-test in both AST (P = 0.13) and ALT (P = 0.001) levels Control group. Also, climbing to 4000 m altitude with Creatine supplementation had no significant effect on LDH (P = 0.78) and AST (P = 0.86) levels between groups. Conclusions: The results showed that changes in muscle damage enzymes are independent of Creatine supplementation placebo. The first blood samples were taken before the hiking session at the location of program. Hiking program consisted of ascending to Tochal peak at an altitude of 3961m. The second blood samples were taken after returning from the peak at an altitude of 3750 meters. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test and K-S test with a significant coefficient of 0.05.

</strong> The results showed that there was a significant difference between LDH and AST enzyme levels in post-test compared to pre-test in both AST (P = 0.13) and ALT (P = 0.001) levels Control group. Also, climbing to 4000 m altitude with Creatine supplementation had no significant effect on LDH (P = 0.78) and AST (P = 0.86) levels between groups.

</strong>The results showed that changes in muscle damage enzymes are independent of Creatine supplementation.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition male students with overweight.

Forty five overweight male who were resident of Shahed university dormitory were purposefully selected and randomly assigned into following groups: endurance, resistance and concurrent training. Each Group performed their own protocol for 8 weeks, 3 times per week with specified intensity and duration. Before starting the protocol and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition parameters and aerobic fitness were measured at same condition. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training protocol had a significant effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters. In comparing the difference between groups of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters were significantly different and the variables of aerobic fitness and body composition parameters of concurrent training was more effective than two other exercises. Innovation this research is identical the work out of training (time) in the 3 protocol that to compare intergroup among the most effective way to same time identification.

It seems that eight weeks of endurance, strength and concurrent exercise training have effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters male students with overweight but all three types of exercise separately with diet modification could be improved aerobic fitness and body composition indices.