نقدنامه زبان و ادبیات عربی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The emergence of new literary genres on the one hand, and linguistic attitudes toward literature on the other, made the need for a review of traditional rhetorical teachings more tangible and Eventually, it led to a serious critique of the structure and content of old rhetoric and its revision or A new approach to it and the emergence of new rhetoric. Among the dozens of works written in Arabic on this subject is the book "New Rhetorics (Theorization of Langue & Parole Rhetorics)" by Mohammad Khaqani. The following article, at the suggestion of the Arabic Humanities and Cultural Studies, examines the form and content of this book with the traditional method of book review and finally, raises serious doubt on it as a textbook.

The book "fi manahij al-khetabe al-srdi" by "Umar Eylan" has introduced and explained various theories in structural narratology and reviewed various critical approaches in the text. Using book critique indexes while expressing the book's effectiveness in narratology, the present article aims to review its form and content components as well. It uses a descriptiveanalytical method to examine the content, topics, and discussed issues in this book. Subsequently, in addition to formal critique, the author criticizes its content to clarify this work's effectiveness for Arabic literature scholars. This book refers to various theories and provides useful and extensive information to the reader based on its threefold approaches in narratology, psychology, and sociology. This diversity has its restrictions as, for the sake of brevity, not all aspects of a particular approach and its attainments were addressed. This book is a re-reading of the structuralist approach, but it is merely a description and explanation of theories' practical features and not a comprehensive and accurate critique of them.

From ancient times, various selections and divans of poetry have been collected with the focus on Arabic poetry, which has collected poems with a special style This literary heritage determines the cultural and civilizational identity of nations and is so important that the building of the current civilization will be possible only by reviving this heritage in the form of collection, re-reading and evaluation. The book "The Process of Arabic poetry" written and edited by Habibullah Abbasi intends to compile a selection of "The Divan of Arabic Poetry" by Adonis and Show the evolution of Arabic poetry of that time for Persian readers. The unique feature of this selection is the different evaluation of Arabic poems, so that the only criterion for selecting poems is their artistic and creative points, and other factors such as political or ideological content have not been considered. The article intends to evaluate the form and content of the book with an analytical-critical reading while introducing the book and to express its strengths and weaknesses. The results show that the most important weaknesses of the book in the formal part include the lack of correct arrangement of verses, non-observance of Arabic calligraphy and in some cases the lack of correct equation; And the most important weaknesses of the content are the following: lack of specific issues, lack of comprehensiveness in examining the factors affecting the evolution of Arabic poetry, lack of reference to sources and documents, lack of conclusions, lack of comprehensiveness, incoherence of some Book chapters and lack of proper analytical approach

The Composition skills as the latest language skills are important in teaching Arabic language, so far, researchers have focused on researchers and researchers in Iran. The results show that most students and students of Arabic language and literature face many difficulties in Composition in Arabic language. One of the effective factors in this issue is the lack of access to a perfect education which is based on the principles of language teaching. The present study is based on descriptive method and qualitative and critical analysis, has been evaluated from two aspects of form and content the book "Al-Raead fi ta'lim Al-lughah Al-'Arabiya" for Dr “Masoud Fekri". The results show that due to increasing the proficiency of the learners, the precise and appropriate use of color in the design of the volume and layout of the book and Composition the text with clear and readable font is among the strengths of this resource. While the numerous selection of literary texts and the inclusion of some practices that do not conform to the language and cognitive level of students in Arabic language, they are considered weak points.

"Ezuddin al-Muna'serah" (1946-present), a poet and critic of the Palestinian Authority, is one of the distinguished scholars of comparative literature in the Arab world, including political-cultural critics in the field of literary criticism, who wrote the book "Adaptive Cultural Critique, From the Structure of Discourse Discourse" Adaptive literature has added to the Arab world. The author in this book deals more with the theoretical and theoretical discussions with an anti-imperialist approach, and proposes the subject of "slaughter" by believing in a "comparative cultural critique" rather than the term "comparative literature." The author, while defining cultural critique and its overlap with other areas of the human sciences, has pointed to the inadequacy and negative effects of Western critique on the world of art and literature and emphasizes identity preservation. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, has examined these important issues and the explanation of Munaserah's ideas in the book "Comparative Cultural Criticism, From the Structure of Discourse Discourse" Among the benefits of Ali's research are the re-reading of Edward Said's views in a post-structuralist perspective, a different and ideological view of literary activities and works, and the challenge of national and transnational thought, and finally a comparative critique of comparative cultural worldview.; Clichy, narrowing, His claim is that there is no logical and principled procedure for entering the subject, as well as the absence of paragraphs and classification of the contents, including criticisms of Muna'serah's book and discussed in detail in the present study.

Critical reading in various fields reveals the efficiency and effectiveness of the text under study for the audience and explains the positive and negative features of the text, because the critical attitude is a constructive origin that the existing gaps are shortcomings. The subject of literary criticism in the land of Andalusia has received less attention from literary critics and analysts. Perhaps the reason for this is the scarcity of cash resources published in this literary period so that a clear picture of it in the mind of the researcher. Among the works that have studied the history of literary criticism in this period is the book History of Literary Criticism in Andalusia by Mohammad Rezwan al-Daya, a professor at the University of Damascus. Since this work has been a pioneer in the field of studying the status of literary criticism in the Andalusian period, and despite writing more extensive and accurate works, it deserves criticism and review .Some of the work, let's evaluate the book. In the process of research, we came to the conclusion that the use of reliable and first-hand sources and sometimes manuscripts, elaboration of the subject and expression of the history of literary criticism and theories and critical approaches of this period are among the strengths of this work. Not paying attention to choosing a correct scientific research method and not having brevity, formal errors, typographical and writing errors are the weaknesses of this work. This work suffices only with the history of literary criticism in this period and refers to the theories and views of writers and critics from the side of their critical and rhetorical works and does not penetrate into the deeper layers of the problem

A critical review of scientific works will lead to the recollectiof strengths and weaknesses, the growth and quality improvement of scientific works. Achieving the desired perfection in scientific writing is possible after explicit and constructive critiques. In this article, the book "Shokooh Mutnabbi" by Musa Aswar has been reviewed by the descriptive-analytical method. The results obtained from the review of this book show that the present book has many strengths in terms of form and content such as beautiful binding and professional typography, accuracy in typing and spelling of words, choosing a beautiful and inspiring title, and most importantly many skills in understanding meaning Arabic verses. However, the most important defects in the field of form and content of this book are: lack of cover design, writing the book title and topics at the bottom of all pages of the book instead of at the top, lack of methodical introduction at the beginning of the book, confusion in arranging the main sections of the book leading to separation and spacing poems have been translated and explained, lack of references and citations, and as a result, not mentioning research and translation sources, and most importantly, the frequent use of vague and unfamiliar Arabic and Persian words and phrases. Shokooh Mutnabbi, Musa Aswar, Arabic Poetry, Translation Criticism.

There have been many books, research papers, and writings that talk about the Abbasid era, its characteristics and features, as Abbasid poetry is dealt with with its criticism and analysis. The book “Abbasid Poetry, Analysis and Taste” by the Egyptian critic and writer, Ibrahim Awad, who is the author of many books on criticism and Arabic literature, tries to criticize the masterpieces of Abbasid poetry in simple language, avoiding the ruggedness of critical terminology to make it easier for readers and speakers to understand, in an attempt to clarify their aesthetic characteristics through Employing aesthetic criticism in criticism. This research seeks to study the book - previously mentioned - and critique it in form and content, following a descriptive-critical approach to clarify its position, identify strengths and weaknesses, and scrutinize it from defects. Among the positives that we must ponder in the book can be referred to the employment of applied models, matching the design of the book cover with the topic, choosing masterpieces of Abbasid literature for criticism, evaluation and analysis, and the book's analysis of criticism and analysis instead of collection and transmission. The absence of a necessary systematic introduction, the absence of the result, the absence of a list of sources or returning to the sources are among the problems that must be tracked and fixed. The truth is that the writer has diverted his attention from some criteria and buildings for aesthetic criticism and did not provide a comprehensive aesthetic criticism that is comprehensive in all the meaning of the word, and The book still needs aesthetic critical additions and highlights, but due to its analytical and critical advantage, it can be taught as two units of study for students of the Arabic Language and Literature Branch at the MA stage under the title: “Aesthetic Criticism and Analysis of Abbasid Poetry”.

The aim of this study is analytical - critical considering of Arabic literature articles in resistance literature publication. Research prosedur is a analyzing of content ( quantitative - qualitative). Datas after collecting by questionnaire transformed to quantitative datas by descriptive statistics and excel software. Statistical population is lectures of resistance literature magazine at Arabic literature from 1388 to 1396 that they consist of 16 numbers. 72 articles is about Arabic literature. Results of research show that articles in attention to septet standards being mentioned atquestinnair from 1388 to 1396 have increased. The most of problems return to first years of magazine and these problems continued to 1394. But after that, lectures more correspond with definded structure for scientific stadious lectures. The most clear problems of articles in writing introduction, return to question, history and prosedure research. The other one is not to have innovation and disregarding for prosedure, question and aim in articles creates it. This is a basic problem of these articles in a period of time of study

Books written on one subject sometimes raise the question of what is the next benefit of having one? Did the defect or defect of the second author lead him to write a new work, or even beyond that, despite the large number of works in selected texts, which are sometimes accompanied by descriptions and analysis, what is the benefit? The two books reviewed were written in one year, and each was compiled with a specific motivation or sense of need. If the two works were on the same level and with the same approach, the balance would be more precise and a little more difficult, but of these two works, Mr. Ameri's book is a textbook for this subject and the other is in line with the books of The organization for researching and composing university textbooks in the haumanities (SAMT) He intends to publish these books and the author intends to complete his history book. Also, due to the different nature of the two works of evaluation and accurate comparison between the two books, it may seem unacceptable and unreasonable. One of the most important results of this research is that there are many problems in form and content in both books that should not be in educational books and the selection of poems in the Ameri's book is more based on Bachelor's students reality and in the selected book is more complete and varied and used.

Textbook and training book composition on the one hand require authors’ knowledge, expertise and experience, and on the other hand must meet standard criteria. Therefore, the book that is compiled for a specific purpose of teaching at university should be reviewed in order to evaluate the author's theory. This article seeks to evaluate the Malameho-Al-adab Fe Al-asre Al-abbasi Al-awal book written by Abdolhadi Abdullah Atieah in a descriptive, analytical manner. For example: lack of graphic design of the cover, page layout, lack of difference between the main text font and poetic verses, inappropriate layout and incompatibility in their volume, the presence of many typographical errors, incomplete reference method and lack of resource list. There are also serious flaws, including uncertainty of purpose, incompatibility between title, content, lack of method, lack of comprehensiveness and lack of horizontal connection with other courses. And in a word, the lack of the necessary criteria in an academic book

Any scientific research to come to the truth must have a method or set of methods.Researchers in various sciences have written extensively on research methods وand on how to write a scientific work. One of these books is Manahij al-Bahth al-Adabi, written by Yousef Kholaif, one of Arabic literature professors at Cairo University. The present article seeks to review this book using a interested descriptive-critical approach and to examine the form and content of that. Given that the author is interested in methodology in scientific researchs,she chose this book The results of this studyindicate that this book has its merits and disadvantages Its advantages include classification of materials from the roots of methodological science in the West, general literature and Arabic literature, deticate a chapter to the thesis, An unbiased and wise criticism of the method of research in Some of the works in ancient and contemporary Arabic, And cite numerous examples for each of the methods, Ontology in Chapter Four. The disadvantages of this book are: print, edit and sometimes syntax errors, non-compliance of the book's title with the author's intentions, mismatches chapter titles with its content, mismatch list of contents with content, no resource list.