فصلنامه دانش حسابداری مالی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 33، تابستان 1401)

The expansion and complexity of economic activities and the importance of the role of managers in leading and achieving the strategic goals of companies, has provided the necessary ground for the sensitivity of stakeholders to the management compensation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial reporting features including the accounting comparability and the financial reporting quality with the management compensation. Besides, the intensity or weakness of this relationship in the context of information asymmetry has also been tested.

For this purpose, 104 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2020 have been studied. Data were analyzed using regression analysis.

The results show that the accounting comparability and the financial reporting quality have a positive and significant relationship with the management compensation. However, this relationship is not affected by the information asymmetry environment.

In short, it is concluded that increasing the quality of financial reporting will reduce the agency costs between the firm and stakeholders and its effect is reflected in increasing the compensation paid to managers.

Contribution:

The managers of firm is responsible for preparing the financial statements. Financial reporting characteristics such as financial reporting quality and their comparability can indicate the fulfillment of management tasks, which is considered by users as a positive sign, and in return, the compensation paid to managers increases. In addition, despite explaining the effect of comparability on management compensation in Choi and Sah (2019) research, the innovation of this research is explaining how financial reporting quality affects the compensation of managers.

This study examines the role of audit partners’ characteristics (e.g., experience, primacy, multi skilling and IAO’s background) on the number and type of AQP. 

723 firm-year observations collected from the annual financial reports of listed firms on Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2019 have been examined through multiple regression.

Only partners’ multi skilling and primacy (experience) have a positive and significant association with AQPs about failure to comply with consolidated financial statements’ standard (failure to receive a response to third-party ‘confirmation letters’) and partners’ primacy (Iran Audit Organization’s background) is positively (negatively) associated with “unspecified” AQPs. Only partners’ “background with IAO” has a negative and significant relationship with the number of AQPs and the non-repetitive AQPs. None of the four characteristics of audit partners examined by this study are significantly associated with non-recognition of costs, incorrect measure of cost of goods sold, contingent liabilities, misclassification of accounting numbers in financial statements, and repetitive AQPs.

The findings of this study do not provide evidence about supporting or rejecting “learning by doing”, “demands-abilities fit” and the “multi skilling” theories. However, the findings of present study provide weak evidence supporting the negative consequences of “hierarchical organizational culture” view. Thus, such results reject the applicability of the audit partners’ characteristics as differentiation surrogates by client firms.

Contribution:

This study, for the first time, examining the role of partners’ experience, primacy, multi skilling and with IAO’s background on the number and type of AQPs.

In this study, the relationship between the quality of companies' internal audit units and earnings management (earnings based on accruals and real earnings management) has been investigated.

This study is a descriptive research that examined data of 179 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012 to 2019. To test the hypotheses of this research, regression and multiple correlation models have been used In which the quality of the internal audit unit is considered as an independent variable and Earnings management as a dependent variable.

The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between the quality of the internal audit unit and accrual-based earnings management; however, no significant relationship was observed between the quality of the internal audit unit and real earnings management.

Despite the requirement of the Exchange Organization to establish an internal audit unit in companies, the quality of this unit has not yet favorably prevented earnings management. Although the amount of accrual based earnings management has gradually decreased with the enactment of laws and supervision, but no change has been observed in real earnings management.

Contribution:

Due to the newly established internal audit units and Iran’s environmental features as a developing country with an emerging economy, internal audit and its quality may have been affected compared to other developed countries. Also, in previous researches, the effect of the quality of companies' internal audit units on earnings management based on accruals and real earnings management has not been studied.

If we consider the management accounting maturity model as a roadmap that aims to identify strengths and improvements and the goal is to upgrade from the "initial level" to the "optimal level", then the main concern to go to the higher level of the model is to eliminate gaps between These two levels will be. The purpose of this study is to use organizational change management tools to improve from one level of maturity to another and within the framework of the Prosci of process change.

The present study is a quantitative and applied research according to its purpose and is based on the field method. For this purpose, in data collection, interviews with the help of checklists for all employees of Iran Khodro's management accounting in the years 1399-1400 were used.

The results showed that the maturity score of the model dimensions in Iran Khodro Company during the mentioned years is for penetration (four), relevance (three), value and management (two). Then, the maturity of each of the key factors of management accounting (14 factors) was determined, which due to the frequency of the number three, it can be concluded that these factors are at level three. Also, the degree of compliance with the dimensions of the maturity model was examined and it was determined that they are far from their ideal level, so to achieve the desired level, the organization change management program was used.

After the level of maturity, strategies were considered to improve the status quo. The program included “Communication”, “Training”, “Resistance Management”, “Sponsorship” and “Coaching/Mentoring”, which were tailored to the level of maturity of the organization.As long as the knowledge, enthusiasm and knowledge of the management accounting staff are at a low level, reaching higher levels of maturity is unattainable.

Contribution:

Maturity models are developed by experts in each field and all of them emphasize on improving the technical aspects of an organization to reach the highest level and expertise, but what is hidden from view is the role of the human factor in reaching this level of maturity. Studies show that organizational change management tools can enable the efficiency needed to move to a higher level of maturity. Therefore, the combination of accounting knowledge (work technique, or management accounting specialty) and management (the art of managing people) has been considered.

In this study, the motivational action and planning opportunity in tax evasion of companies with financial constraints are investigated and also a new model is presented to identify companies with tax evasion.

The data in this study are measured through 16 models. The research period is 10 years from 2009 to 2019 for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Data were collected through the website of the Tehran Stock Exchange, corporate financial statements and new mortgage software. R software was also used to analyze the data and fit them into 9 research hypotheses.

In general, this study showed that the financial crisis in companies will cause tax evasion in the next period. The research results also indicate that there is no opportunity for tax planning in companies that are in financial crisis.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between financial constraints and tax planning opportunity with corporate tax evasion; Companies in financial crisis will have more tax evasion in the next period; Companies that have a financial crisis and have more tax evasion in the next period do not have more tax planning opportunities; There is a significant relationship between financial constraints and corporate tax evasion.

Contributions:

Knowledge enhancement of these results is considered from two dimensions. In the first dimension, attention to the economic crisis created for Iran due to international sanctions and a special look at tax revenues and other non-oil revenues as the first revenue of the country in the budget of 1400; And the second dimension refers to the specialized issue related to tax evasion of some companies. The results of this study also help tax auditors to identify companies that are evading taxes due to financial constraints.

Financial reporting is a tool for communicating with the company's environment and the chief financial officer is directly responsible for the preparation and quality of financial reporting. Chief financial officers may abandon their ethical beliefs due to organizational pressures and action to provide fraudulent financial reporting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social pressure and risk appetite on decisions in providing financial reporting.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method and the information required for this study was collected in 2021. The statistical population of this study was Chief financial officers and Chief Accountants companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample selection method was based on random sampling that finally, 271 questionnaires were answered and the information obtained has been measurement in statistical analyzes. The study hypotheses have been tested with the structural equation modeling approach using Smart PLS software.

The results show that the obedience social pressure and aggressive risk appetite has positive and significant effect on incorrect decisions in providing financial reporting. Other results showed that conformity social pressure and conservative risk appetite has negative and significant effect on incorrect decisions in providing financial reporting.

The results of this research can be applied in terms of influence risk-based auditing, improving corporate governance mechanisms, increase the quality features of financial reporting and decisions of investors, legislators and other stakeholders.

Contribution:

The research findings, while developing the literature on social pressure and risk appetite, can help increase the quality of financial reporting and the dissemination of fair information to stakeholders, especially shareholders.

This study examines the effect of Google's local search on information asymmetry before earnings announcement and short-term and long-term market reactions after earnings announcement.

Google's local biases are measured by Google Trend service information. Also, to measure information asymmetry and market response, abnormal stock returns in the periods before and after the announcement of earnings are used. The research sample includes 64 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for the years 1393 to 1398.

The results of the study indicate that local bias increases the information asymmetry before the announcement of profits. However, the impact of local bias on market response is limited to a short period after the announcement of profits.

Overall, the evidence suggests that local biases resulting from investors' attention to companies close to their place of residence affect information asymmetries and short-term market response.

Contribution:

This study shows for the first time that even in the age of the Internet and the ease of access to information of companies, the geographical location of companies influences the decisions of Iranian investors and the stock market.

The behavior and attitude of individuals depends on their personality traits. Self-efficacy and locus of control are important and influential variables on individual behavior. Auditors behave differently in the face of whistleblowing in the workplace. It seems that their different personality traits are the cause of their different behavior in the face of whistleblowing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the effect of the locus of control and self-efficacy of auditors on whistleblowing with the mediating role of job satisfaction.

This research is descriptive and correlational. The auditors working in the private audit institutes in 1398sh were the statistical population of the study. The sample consisted of 165 of these auditors selected by random sampling. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire and to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the structural equation model has been used.

Findings showed that personality traits tested (self-efficacy and external locus of control) had a positive and significant effect on whistleblowing. Also, the indirect effect of the mentioned variables is exacerbated by job satisfaction (mediator variable), that the value of this effect is significant.

Auditors with a high level of self-efficacy and high external locus of control are more desire whistleblowing. high job satisfaction increases auditors' tendency to whistleblowing.

Contribution:

The results of the study provide a new insight into how to improve the whistleblowing status in private audit institutes.