مجله مطالعات ادیان و عرفان تطبیقی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 9، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Divine religions have outward and inward aspects. The mystical teachings of any religion express the esoteric aspects of that religion which, in addition to the prophets and Hosea, mystics can also attain to a great extent through austerity, discovery and intuition. Christianity is one of the religions that has an esoteric and mystical aspect. The Christian Bible consists of two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Jews only accept the Old Testament. But Christians accept the whole of the Old and New Testaments as the Bible, and the New Testament itself consists of the four Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These four gospels are at the beginning of the New Testament. The first three Gospels are also called the New Gospels. In this study, we seek to obtain the mystical content and teachings of these Gospels. Examining the Gospels, we come to the conclusion that these Gospels contain mystical teachings and topics: asceticism, monasticism, and mystical experiences. And in the Gospel of John, mystical contents and teachings: direct encounter with God, entry into the kingdom of God, unity of existence, perfect man, second birth and the three stages of Seleucid (cultivation, enlightenment and unity) are stated. Is.

Relying on theological and mythological sources in Manichaean religion, this essay studies and analyzes the action of "Bāmyazd" as a deity who holds the position of Architect of the Gods. Mani's birth and subsequent upbringing in a region that was a crossroads of Persian and Roman cultures and the Zoroastrian, Christian, Buddhist, Babylonian and Chaldean religions led to his tendency towards a kind of eclectic mysticism. But there is no doubt that Mani and Manichaeism, in their tendency towards dualism, which is a prominent feature of the Gnostic schools, are more influenced than any other religion by the Mithraic Zoroastrianism propagated by the Zoroastrian Magis in Mesopotamia. Accordingly, the eternal confrontation between the two gems of Good and Evil in the Manichaean theology and mythological literature, especially in the narrative of creation, has a special place and the three stages of creation in Mani’s religion in the arena of confrontation of the grandfather as the gem of Good and the prince of darkness as a gem Turned into a demon. Bāmyazd plays the role of the great secret of the Gods and in the arena of this mythical opposition and in the various stages of the process of creation from the Manichaean point of view. The results of the research show that the function of the God of Art and Architecture in Manichaean theology and mythology is to save man from the captivity of the pieces of demonic darkness on the one hand and to build a heavenly paradise for the virtuous and hell to imprison the demons on the other. This paper, which is done using analytical method and text-based studies, first studies the doctrine of dualism in Manichaean and then investigates the position of the god of art and architecture in Manichaean theology and mythology.

The path of Shah Nematollahi is one of the branches of Sufism and mysticism, the founder of which is Seyyed Nooruddin Nematullah known as "Shah Nematullah" with Shiite and contemporary tendencies of the Timurid era. The Nematollahi dynasty has gone through ups and downs in different historical periods after its establishment and is one of the dynasties that now has followers in Iran and continues its activities. It should be acknowledged that the historical study of this dynasty and especially the interaction and interaction of this dynasty with the two institutions of religion and government, as well as its spatial and human geography, the extent of public acceptance and its impact on public culture have not been addressed as needed. Under the influence of a kind of confrontation about the ideas of this dynasty, these researches have faded and lost their liberal status. In this research, an attempt has been made to address the above-mentioned issues without taking sides on the beliefs of this series. In this research, an attempt is made to trace and analyze the historical course of this Shiite mystical dynasty from the beginning to the end of the Qajar era, and identifying the greats of this sect and their historical impact on the history of Sufism and mysticism in Iran in later periods is another mission of this article.

Architecture is a phenomenon related to man and must be realized with him, so addressing the subject of man as a basic knowledge in the process of creation of the architect, is undeniable. In this regard, understanding the levels of architecture in relation to the levels of human existence will be very important. On the other hand, since the definition of man and his perceptions of him are sometimes very different, differences in the understanding of architecture will also be very natural. To understand creativity in architecture that is in line with the culture, religion and art of Iran and at the same time can be related to modern knowledge, a study of the works and ideas of Rumi will be helpful. Mysticism is closely related to the art of architecture. Mystical views and thinking are beyond time and space, so it can encompass the history and geography of the universe. He was not an architect theorist; But in his wonderful work, Masnavi has paid attention to architecture for various reasons, explicitly or implicitly, intentionally or unintentionally. This feature can be seen several times: informing about the world of architecture in which he lived; Using architectural forms of imagination in speech; Establishing a relationship between architecture and existence; Provide general ideas that can be extended to architecture; Invitation to the remembrance of God through architecture In this journey, we try to understand the understanding of creationism in architecture through Rumi's thoughts.

Prayer in the same meaning of special and important worship along with uprising, bowing, prostration and more or less similar rituals in different religions, has also existed in Manichaean religion. Praying is an example of praising the greatest god or religious deities with pre-defined recitation and deeds, specific time periods, a definite number and recurrence of the day and night among all religious groups. Of course, even after a long time, the rites of prayer is less changed and its traditional face is preserved but  issues such as the number of prayers of the Manichaean hearers and elites, the number of prostrations, the time of holding, and the content and manner of reciting the prayers have brought many ambiguities. The only progressive way to resolve these ambiguities is to re-compare and refine the various Manichaean-related sources in order to bring some innovation and progress to previous research. In this study, for the first time, a number of slips of the authors of ancient texts and contemporary Manichaean researchers regarding the number, time and content of Manichaean prayers are corrected, and a new schedule based on ancient sources for the prayers of hearers and elites and the number of their prostrations is cited.

The discussion of the scriptures, and the controversy over whether or not to distort them, has been one of the issues that has always been considered throughout history. Muslims, who consider the Qur'an as the only book and divine miracle safe from distortion, consider the best way to prove the distortion, or non-distortion of the divine books, to examine this matter from the Qur'an's point of view. This research using the library method and analytical method concluded that the historical books and sayings of the People of the Book show that the text of the Torah, which the Jews consider divine, has been destroyed in two historical events, and in particular the first event caused the Torah document to be interrupted. شد. In addition, the text of the Torah contains insults and contradictions that express distortion. The document of the Bible is not attributed to Jesus (pbuh) but to the apostles and disciples of the Prophet (pbuh) who, according to their confession, brought the words of the Prophet (pbuh) along with other events and has its sanctity from the council, which considers it divine. There are also many insults, contradictions, and errors in the text of the Bible that indicate a distortion of the Bible. Muslim commentators also believe, based on the Qur'an, that there is much evidence in the Qur'an of distortions of the scriptures in various verbal, spiritual, and practical ways by Jews and Christians