مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 676 (هفته چهارم امرداد 1401)

Poisoning by opium and stimulants brings many patients to the poison emergency departments every year. This study planned to determine the risk factors for Opioid and Stimulant poisoning among patients admitted to the Khorshid Hospital.

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 243 patients poisoned with opioids or stimulants in Khorshid Hospital of Isfahan during December 2018 to the December 2019. The data about demographic variables including: (sex, age, marital status, occupation), type of intoxication (opium, heroin), and or stimulants(hashish, cannabis, marijuana, amphetamine) and intoxication with other substances, cause of intoxication, type of intoxication (accidental, intentional), method of intoxication (oral, inhalation, intravenous injection, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, etc.), poisoning with other drugs, vital signs at entering the ward, length of stay in the poisoned ward, treatment outcome (recovery or death), and cause of death were extracted from the patients' files. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and the Chi-square tests.

The results of this study showed that the most substance poisoning in individual of Iranian nationality was heroin and in non-Iranian was opium. In addition, substance poisoning was more common in men, especially in the age group of 31-35 years, and among the unemployed or self-employed, as well as among those with a diploma or lower.

According to the results of the present study, among opioid, heroin poisoning was the most and among stimulants, amphetamine was the most. Also, most of the poisoned people were under 40 years old and had low education.

There have been several studies of postoperative pain control, but studies comparing paracetamol and ketamine on postoperative pain control have been limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of ketamine and paracetamol on pain intensity after laminectomy through Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump (PCA).

This clinical trial was performed on two groups of 45 patients who were candidates for laminectomy. After laminectomy, patients in groups 1 and 2 were treated with (paracetamol + morphine) and (ketamine + morphine) by PCA pump, respectively. Pain intensity and the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in the two groups were assessed.

Pain intensity decreased significantly in both groups over time; But the mean pain intensity in the ketamine group during 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower than the paracetamol group. While 11.1% of patients in paracetamol group and 28.9% of patients in ketamine group experienced nausea and vomiting after administration of analgesia.

This study showed that in patients undergoing laminectomy, combining (ketamine + morphine) has significantly led to better pain relief effects than with the combination of (paracetamol + morphine) in PCA pump. However, the incidence of side effects is higher in this group.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two different intensities of interval training on gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in skeletal muscle tissue of male rats.

In the present experimental study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into three groups: high intensity interval training, moderate intensity interval training and control. The training groups were affected by high and moderate intensity interval training for 12 weeks. The training protocol of both groups included 12 weeks and 5 days per week of High intensity interval training and moderate intensity interval training. Real-time-PCR was obtained to measure the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Significant differences were observed in the expression of Bcl-2 genes in the skeletal muscle of male rats in three groups (P = 0.001). The results showed that Bcl-2 gene expression in the two exercise groups was significantly higher than the control group. However, Bax gene expression was not significantly different amongst the three groups. The expression of this protein at the group's high intensity and moderate intensity interval training was 11% and 9% lower than the control group respectively.

It seems that both intensities of interval training have a strong impact in increasing the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein of the skeletal muscle and revealed the positive effect of interval training on cell survival.