مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 677 (هفته اول شهریور 1401)

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) need lifelong health care. Empowerment in these patients can lead to greater participation in care and self-management skills. The current research is a psychometric study on the empowerment of the adolescents with congenital heart diseases.

This psychometric study was performed on 200 patients with congenital heart disease referred to medical centers and hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The initial 15-item tool of this study was translated into Persian after obtaining permission from the original author. Then the psychometric process of the scale, including the examination of content validity index, content validity ratio with the judgment of 30 experts; and the validity of its structure was performed using heuristic factor analysis. The internal homogeneity of the instrument was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability test of the instrument was evaluated by the open test method.

The content validity index (CVI) was above 0.8 for each item. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, none of the shared values was less than 0.5. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between the two stages of distributing the questionnaires (P = 0.001). Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the total internal consistency of the scale was obtained 0.725, and 0.73-0.99 for its components.

The adolescent empowerment scale for congenital diseases was approved with 15 items. Meanwhile, its reliability and validity were approved, too. So, this scale can be used as a reliable tool for caring for and examining the empowerment of adolescents with congenital diseases.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women worldwide. Identification of novel molecular markers that are involved in tumor development has allowed cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy and monitoring the response to cancer treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including chromosome transcription and remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of long noncoding RNA NORAD (Non-Coding RNA Activated by DNA Damage) (lncRNA-NORAD) in breast cancer.

Breast cancer samples were obtained from Iran National Tumor bank. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and then treated with DNase. Q-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of lncRNA-NORAD in breast cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues as respective controls.

Analysis of Real Time-PCR data showed that NORAD gene expression increased significantly in the breast tumor tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.05).

Since the expression of lncRNA-NORAD gene is increased in breast tumor tissues compared to the normal tissue adjacent to the tumor, this gene can be considered as a suitable biomarker for breast cancer.

Today, the field of health is trying to reduce the pain in the delivery process, which is one of the most excruciating pains, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of virtual reality on pain Stages of natural delivery through a systematic review Study.

In this review study to access international documents English databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Science Direct using English keywords based on Mesh: "Virtual Reality", "Labor pain", "Pain", "Parturition" and for Persian databases from SID, Google Scholar, IRAN DOC and Magiran with Persian keywords "virtual reality", "labor pain", "pain" and possible combinations were performed and all published studies were included in the study until March 2022. Consort scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles included in the study.

According to the initial search, 932 articles were found, and finally 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Of these 8 studies, 7 studies reported labor pain and one study referred to episiotomy repair pain. The results of studies showed that virtual reality reduces pain during labor.

Considering the positive effect of virtual reality in reducing labor pain and ease of use, it is recommended to use it to reduce pain in different stages of labor.