Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Autumn 2022

Gossypiboma is the meaning of a residual foreign body such as gas in the abdomen following surgical operation, which is a rare complication of surgery. Residual of a foreign body causes mass, fistula, abscess and, obstruction after surgical operation. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a very useful method in the diagnosis of Gossipiboma. In patients who referred with abdominal pain and unexplained manifestations after surgery, Gossypiboma should be considered.

A retrospective case study was performed in the year 2020 in a patient with a history of open kidney stone surgery in Hospital of Zabol. A 60-year-old male patient who referred with complaint of neck pain to an orthopedic doctor, which due to a history of kidney stone, the doctor orders an ultrasound of the kidneys. In the ultrasound, a number of stones are observed in the right kidney of this patient. After performing CT scan and Intravenous pyelography (IVP), a foreign body is identified inside the renal pelvis. In the following, the history taken from the patient, the history of open kidney stone surgery during 16 years ago in this patient is determined. During this period, the patient did not have any symptoms, including infection or pain in the mentioned area.

In patients with a history of surgery who are referred with abdominal pain or mass, the residual foreign body should be included in the list of differential diagnoses.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare disease with a prevalence estimation of, 5 per, 100,000 individuals. Besides, it can highly be misdi - agnosed with other psychiatric disorders.

We report a case of CADASIL in a 32-year-old Asian female presenting with schizophrenia symptoms such as auditory hallucination ،loosening of associations، persecutory delusions، referential delusions، decreased function, and complex hepatic hallucinations that the patient had said sometimes someone has intercourse with me since 2 years ago. After brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and gene checking, she showed up with NOTCH3 gene, besides Brain Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of CADASIL. Supportive treatments have been done and two years of following up showed a significant increase in patient life quality .

This case report demonstrates the challenges of CADASIL diagnosis in a patient with schizophrenia symptoms. The diagnosis should be considered in patients with schizophrenia symptoms. Hence, there is a need for timely diagnosis and management of this disorder.

The continuing emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne zoonotic Q fever (caused by Coxiella burnetii) and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF, caused by Orthonairovirus) include indispensable extraordinary threat around the world. Low infectious dose and long-term environmental residence are major risks. Wildlife and domestic livestock act as hosts or reservoirs of the CCHF virus and ticks are carriers. The disease also poses a threat to public health services owing to its epidemic potential, high case fatality ratio (up to 40%) as well as difficulties in treatment, prevention, and control. Q fever is another zoonotic febrile disease mainly affecting workers involved in farming livestock. The causative agent of Q fever causes abortion in livestock. The pathogen is shed in large numbers in the waste of infected animals (amniotic fluids and placenta during parturition) and is transmitted by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Vaccination is the most effective way of protecting against Q fever. The main way to prevent Q fever is to avoid contact with animals, especially while animals are giving birth, or consumption of unpasteurized milk and contaminated dairy products. Due to the increasing importation of livestock to meet the growing demand for dairy and meat products, new diseases are likely to be introduced. In our growing globalized world, where trade between countries increases, it is necessary to conduct more research on zoonotic diseases and to monitor any possible disease introduction to new areas. A continuing surveillance program and pathogen testing are important in tracking the emergence of new pathogens.

Buprenorphine (BUP), a synthetic opioid, treats pain and opioid use syndrome. The potential of BUP to cause liver toxicity has not been fully evaluated. The present literature review was designed to investigate the impact of BUP treatment on liver function in patients without a previous history of liver diseases.

A literature review was implemented within databases of Scopus, PubMed, ISI, and Cochran until February 2022. Studies published in English were included in this study. Retrieved citations were screened and data were extracted by at least two independent reviewers.

Of the 1853 studies screened citations, 14 research reports were eligible. Overall, among the randomized controlled trial, four studies reported hepatotoxicity in patients who had a history of hepatitis C or hepatitis B seroconversion under BUP treatment.

No strong evidence was found for hepatotoxicity of BUP in this study. Elevation in the liver enzyme levels in some patients may be related to other factors such as infectious diseases, illicit drugs, alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants, and chronic diseases. More experimental and clinical studies should be conducted to address this question.

The cesarean section increases worldwide and has many side effects, including acute pain. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy, analgesic consumption, and maximal postoperative pain in women with low segment cesarean section.

340 Cesarean section women were interviewed by demographic and global physical activity questionnaires during the pre-operative visits. The participants were categorized into high, moderate, and low physical activity groups (high PA, moderate PA, low PA, respectively) according to the global physical activity questionnaire guidelines. The maximal postoperative pain (MPP), the type, and doses of analgesia used/2 days were recorded. Pearson correlation, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

MPP was reduced in the high PA group (5.48 ±1.72) compared to the moderate (6.46±1.30) and low PA groups (6.97±1.92; p<0.0005, p<0.0005, respectively). There was a difference between the moderate and low PA groups (p=0.04). Paracetamol was the common analgesic without significant difference among groups (p=0.37). The numbers of paracetamol doses significantly reduced in the high PA group (3.31±1.65) compared to the low PA group (4.03±2.01, p=0.01). MPP had a significant and low negative correlation with total physical activity (r=-0.25, p=0.0005). There was a negative significant correlation between occupation (r=-.491, p=0.0005), recreational (r=-.262, p=0.0005), and travel activities (r=-.150. p=0.006) with MPP. There was a low positive correlation between sedentary activity and MPP (r=0.23, p=0.0005). 

Maternal physical activity can be a non-pharmacological and cost-effective method of pain management.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder that affects patients physically and mentally. It is a co-existing disorder that can impact disease management adversely and trigger diabetes-related complications. However, it seems that the role of factors associated with depression are underestimated by both patients and physicians. We examined the associations between depression and blood sugar control and the role of associated factors such as demographic features, Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), Fasting Blood Sugar, lifestyle and diabetes-related complications on depression in adults with diabetes mellitus.

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 219 adults diagnosed with diabetes. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring depressive symptoms and demographic backgrounds. Laboratory values and data from physical examination were also collected.

The prevalence of depression was 12.3% in our population. The mean level of HbA1c and FBS was also higher among depressed patients. however, it was not significantly different among patients with and without depression. There was no statistically significant correlation between the Beck Depression Scale mean scores and the mean of FBS, HbA1c and BMI (p<0.01).

Our findings reveal that depression rate among diabetes patients is considerable. In fact, mental status should be noticed as well as pathological status in clinical practice.

Dietary antioxidants may play a protective role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium-vitamin E co-supplementation on glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted among GDM pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The study did not include mothers who needed medication to control their blood glucose levels or had a history of DM. The subjects were randomly divided into two 30-member groups, one of which received magnesium (250 mg), and vitamin E (400 mg) daily, while the other was given a placebo. Blood samples were taken at the study baseline and six weeks after the intervention to quantify oxidative stress biomarkers, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Additionally, the effect of supplementation was assessed on neonatal outcomes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 (SPSS, Chicago, IL)

A significant decrease was observed in the FPG and FPI of the supplementation group (p<0.05). However, FPI elevated by progressing pregnancy in the placebo group (p=1.99×10-4). The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) revealed that supplementation was associated with improved insulin sensitivity (p=3.38×10-13). In addition, total antioxidant capacity increased to 5.66 ± 0.86% in the treatment group. Finally, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding neonatal outcomes.

The results represented that magnesium-vitamin E co-supplementation significantly reduced oxidative biomarkers and improved glycemic control in GDM.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Treatment methods for this disease have been with poor results. In recent years, more attention has been paid to stem cells due to their cytotoxic properties. According to previous results, the effect of nanoquercetin on breast cancer cells in this study was used concomitantly with doxorubicin, which is a chemotherapy drug and in some patients has therapeutic resistance.

The above study was performed on MCF7 and BT474 human breast cancer cells. Quercetin was synthesized, then different concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 of quercetin and 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml of doxorubicin were prepared and two cell lines were treated for 24 h. MTT test was used to determine cell viability and flow cytometry test was used to determine the extent of apoptosis in both cell lines.

The results showed that MCF7 and BT474 cells that were affected by quercetin and doxorubicin, increasing the concentration of quercetin and doxorubicin decreased the survival of both cell lines within 24 h. The LC50 concentration was calculated for both cells treated with nanoquercetin 40 μg/ml and for doxorubicin doxorubicin (0.1 mg/ml). The results also showed that in both cell lines, an increase in cellular apoptosis occurred after incubation with quercetin and then incubation with doxorubicin.

Comparison of doxorubicin (DOX), quercetin (QU) and quercetin and doxorubicin (QU-DOX) groups with controls shows that with the presence of quercetin-doxorubicin, it had a greater inhibitory effect on cancer cells.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) became a critical worldwide issue in last few decades. One of the progressive concerns is mental health in diabetic patients. Anxiety is one of mental health disorders that is comprehensively prevalent in diabetic patients. The investigation of anxiety in diabetes and poor glycemic control and other factors is related to comorbid anxiety with diabetes.

220 diabetic patients who were registered on Fasa diabetes registry system. We interviewed them on telephone and collected Persian version of Beck anxiety inventory (BAI).

Our study showed that prevalence of anxiety in diabetic patients was 29.5%. Among this the majority of them were females, i.e. 148 patients (67.3 %) and 72 (32.7%) were males and mean age was 57.16 years. Among all factors, glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C (HbA1C) and FBS) were not significantly related to anxiety in diabetes subjects. However significant relation between demographic factors (sex, having child and job) was detected.

Our study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety among diabetic patients and shows a significant relation with factors like sex, occupation, and job satisfaction. On the other hand, no significant relation between glycemic control and anxiety was observed. However, longitudinal study needs to identify detailed risk factors.

Thymoquinone is the most important compound of Nigella sativa, which stimulates the activity of thyroid axis in healthy individuals and people with hypothyroidism. The present study investigated the effects of thymoquinone on Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-dependent peptide (AgRP) gene expression in the hypothalamus of healthy individuals and hypothyroidism- model rats

Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 190- 220g were used. Hypothyroidism was induced by a daily consumption of Methimazole (20mg/kg) for 42 days via drinking water. Control rats received the intraperitoneal injections of saline. Intact or hypothyroid rats received the intraperitoneal injections of thymoquinone (10mg/kg) for 15 days. One day after last injection, the thyroid gland and hypothalamic samples were dissected. Thyroid gland samples were used for histological study. Relative gene expression of hypothalamic NPY and AgRP was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Thymoquinone significantly declined the NPY and AgRP gene expressions in the hypothalamus of intact rats in comparison with control group. Induction of hypothyroidism results in a remarkable increase in the NPY and AgRP gene expressions compared to control rats. In hypothyroid rats receiving thymoquinone, the mean relative NPY and AgRP gene expressions showed an insignificant decrease compared to hypothyroid group.

Because AgRP/NPY signaling pathway exerts inhibitory effects on thyroid gland function, thymoquinone may stimulate thyroid axis activity partly via inhibiting the hypothalamic AgRP/NPY gene expression in intact rats. In hypothyroidism, used dose of thymoquinone may not able to cause a significant decrease in AgRP/NPY gene expression due to its increased levels.

Many different combination regimens have been used for the treatment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two antiviral drugs for the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

This cross-sectional study was performed on HIV-positive patients in Fasa, Southwest Iran. Eighty patients were enrolled in the investigation who were then randomly divided into two groups and treated plus vonavir (tenofovir-emtricitabine-efavirenz) and cobavir (lamivudine-zidovudine) with efavirenz for six months. Blood samples collected from all patients were examined for viral load every six months using Real-time PCR and CD4 changes by flow cytometry.

During the six months of treatment, the CD4 response was not significantly increased in group one, treated with vonavir. In contrast, the CD4 value showed a significant increasing trend during the treatment course in group two treated with cobavir-efavirenz (P=0.003). However, overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the CD4 responses of the two groups (P=0.361). In addition, the plasma viral load was significantly suppressed in both regimens (P< 0.05).

Hence, the two regimens (cobavir-efavirenz, and vobavir) showed the same efficacy on HIV patients according to the same suppression of viral load, and CD4 response in this region. However, inclusion of more samples is needed and more studies are suggested in order to confirm our results as well.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin (ETX) can cause emerging complications of MS due to its tendency to the blood-brain barrier. This study aimed to determine the presence of toxin-producing genes in intestinal C.perfringens in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Stool samples were taken from 70 MS patients and 70 without MS individuals. The samples were enriched in cooked meat media, and cultural and biochemical methods separated Clostridium isolates. PCR tested these isolates to identify C. perfringens species. In addition, the presence of alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxin-producing genes was evaluated in all isolates by Multiplex PCR.

Isolates containing the etx gene were observed in 10 patients, while no itxA gene was identified in any isolates. The results showed that isolates in 8 patients were type D. Also, the gene encoding toxin type D was identified in 2 isolates obtained from the control group.

Our findings indicated the high frequency of C. Perfringens in MS patients. In the studied samples with clinical presentations, most of these organisms were type D bacteria that produce ε-toxin.