نشریه مطالعات طب ورزشی
پیاپی 32 (تابستان 1401)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and maintenance of core stability exercises on electromyography activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. 24 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The amount of muscle activity were assessed using electromyography during the descent from the platform in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group performed the core exercises three times a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated and independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that core stability exercises led to a significant decrease in muscle activity from pre-test to post-test (p ≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up. The results also showed that a significant difference was observed in muscle activity between the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up (p ≤0.05), while no significant difference was reported in muscle activity in the pre-test. In addition, no significant difference was observed for the control group in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. According to research findings, core stability exercises can be a factor in reducing muscle activity while descending stairs in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this way, relevant specialists can use these exercises as a supplement to drug treatments for these patients.

One of the issues that has been considered by sports researchers today is the claim of the effect of functional differences in the muscles of the core stability area on the results of kinematic and kinetic variables during the activities of athletes and non-athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between lateral core stability area muscles function, ground reaction force and changes in center of mass to pressure in the Medio-lateral direction during gait according to the level of physical activity. Eighteen young men in two groups of 9 athletes and non-athletes participated in this study as subjects. Electrical activity of internal and external oblique muscles and information on the ground reaction force and changes in the center of mass to the presser were recorded during gait. The T-test was used to compare the results of the two groups at p ≤ 0.05. The duration of electrical activity of the external oblique muscle of athletes and non-athletes showed a significant difference (0.005), while no significant difference was observed in the electromechanical delay of the muscles. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the changes in center of mass to pressure of the Medio-lateral direction (0.041). The results of the study confirmed the interactive effect of the lateral core stability muscles and the behavioral pattern of changes in the center of mass to pressure and the ground reaction force in the Medio-lateral direction according to the level of physical activity during gait.

So far, no systematic study has been conducted in our country to inform about the prevalence of pain and complaints, according to gender, different instrumental groups and body parts. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to investigate musculoskeletal pain and complaints in musicians. Studies on musculoskeletal pain and complaints of musicians from 2010 to 2021 have been collected and reviewed. These articles were found by searching the websites of Web of science, Google scholar, science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, SID, ISC, MAGIRAN, IRANDOC, IRAN MEDEX, MEDLIB with the keywords of pain and musculoskeletal complaints in musicians, pain in musicians, and prevalence of problems and musculoskeletal pain in musicians in Persian and English equivalents. 477 articles were found in different sources that after adapting to the inclusion criteria, finally 26 studies were reviewed. The review of articles showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains and complaints in musicians on average has increased with increasing playing experience and professional musicians face a higher rate of dissatisfaction. In other words, persistence in playing and not paying attention to the position of the body position while playing can show its effect in the long-term in the form of musculoskeletal pain, complaints, as well as dissatisfaction with playing the instrument as desired. In addition to this factor, it seems that components such as playing history, playing practice hours during the week, type of instrument, hand position while playing, dominant or non-dominant hand, daily activities non related to playing, physical fitness in the incidence of musculoskeletal pain and complaints caused by playing is effective.

Older adults’ ability to walk and turn is a crucial factor in quality independent living. This study aimed to investigate the effect of turning training in comparison with balance training on balance performance, mobility, turning, and fear of falling in older adults. therefore 45 eligible elderly males at least 60 years old were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (turning and balance training) and a control group (n=15). Each experimental group performed their training program for 12 weeks. Static and dynamic balance, functional balance and mobility, straight walking, turning walking, and fear of falling were measured through force plate, Timed Up and Go Test, 10 Meter Walk Test, Figure of 8 Walk Test, and Falls Efficacy Scale-International respectively. Both turning and balance training were effective in improving static, dynamic, and functional balance, straight walking, and decreasing the fear of falling in both training groups compared to the control group. Turning training improved turning performance compared to balance training and the control groups and had a more effect on improving functional balance than balance training. The use of the turning components in training not only has the effects of balance training but also has more effects on improving performance in turning tasks in older adults. Due to the extent of turning situations in daily activities and its potential risk for older adults, it is recommended to use the turning components and perform the turning training in older adults.

Neck and shoulder pain is one of the most important occupational diseases and one of the causes of disability in carpet weavers. Changing the proper direction of the head on the body and creating a forward head position are other risk factors for carpet weavers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks selected corrective exercises on disability and neck & shoulder pain and forward head angle of carpet weavers. In this study, 32 women carpet weavers with neck and shoulder pain and disability with forward head position were purposefully selected and placed in two control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed a correctional exercise program for 8 weeks. To measure neck and shoulder pain and disability, the Visual Analogue Scale, Neck Disability Index and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index were used, respectively, and the goniometer was used to measure the head-forward position. After confirmation of data normal distribution, independent t-test and paired t-test for statistical analysis were used. The intergroup results showed significant differences in neck and shoulder pain and disability and forward head position between control and training groups after completing the exercises, and Intragroup results showed a decrease in neck and shoulder pain and disability and Forward Head Angle of women carpet weavers. Selected corrective exercises by effect on neck and shoulder muscles and probably by relieves muscle spasms and strengthens muscles can reduce pain and disability of the neck and shoulders and the forward head position of women weavers.

Scapula movement impairment is common among athletes with overhead throws and can make athletes susceptible to shoulder injuries. The purpose of this study was The effect game position on scapula movement impairment and shoulder girdle stability among elite women volleyball players. In this descriptive-comparative study, 125 women volleyball players were purposefully selected and compared. Participants classified in this study with obvious scapular movement impairment of the scapular dyskinesis test, Kibler lateral scapular slide test and scapulohumeral rhythm. For measure the strength and rang of motion respectively handdeld power meter and goniometer were used. The Y-Balance Test Upper Quarter and Seated Medicine Ball Throw was used to measure the functional stability of the upper extremity. One_Way ANOVA, bonferroni correction test, chi square pearson correlation was used to analyze data. The results showed, significant difference between the frequency of scapular movement impairment in the five positions of the game. In addition, there was significant relationship between movement impairment and volleyball game position. (P= 0/001) Different movement patterns in the game positions caused a difference in the players' functional stability score, and the use of specific muscles in the movement pattern in each position affected the ratio of muscle length and strength and their range of motion. Doing repetitive motion patterns at volleyball for a long time causes imbalance in natural strength raito, scapulohumeral rhythm and range of motion.

The shoulder impingement syndrome is quiet prevalent amongst all shoulder injuries and mainly accounts for pain and mobility limitation in that region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rhythmic stabilization exercise on position sense, range of motion, strength and functional stability of shoulder in adolescent girl swimmers with shoulder impingement syndrome. In this study, 30 swimmer girls with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. After pre-test measurements from the two groups, including proprioception, strength, range of motion and functional stability, the experimental group performed four weeks Rhythmic stabilization exercises and then the post-tests were performed for the two groups according to the pre-test. Results indicated that position sense, rotator muscles strength, and functional stability of shoulder joint significantly improved after rhythmic stabilization exercises compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the range of motion between the two groups (p>0.05). It seems that, rhythmic stabilization exercises can be used in order to improve proprioception, shoulder rotator muscles strength and the functional stability of swimmers suffering from shoulder impingement syndrome.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of TRX, proprioceptive and combined training on strength and range of motion of the shoulder joint in female athletes with a history of shoulder dislocation injury. 32 subjects with a history of shoulder dislocation without surgery were selected voluntarily and randomly divided into 4 groups of TRX training, proprioceptive training, combined training, and control. Isometric strength and range of motion of internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint of subjects were measured before and after 8 weeks. Experimental groups had 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Trainings included selected TRX training, proprioceptive trainings and combination of these two. Data analysis was performed using a dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (P≥0.05). The results showed that 8 weeks of TRX, proprioceptive and combined trainings led to a significant increase in strength and range of motion of the shoulder joint. Also, the mean strength and range of motion of the shoulder joint in the combined training group showed a significant increase compared to the TRX and proprioceptive training groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups of TRX and proprioceptive. Combined training program with the features of both TRX and proprioceptive training protocols can be a useful method to improve the strength and range of motion of the shoulder joint after shoulder dislocation injury.