نشریه تحقیقات منابع طبیعی تجدید شونده
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1390)

Methods to evaluate the effect of development and rangelands restoration with heavy texture and salty in range lands Khuzestan province study was conducted that including four reformed operation: rainfalls harvesting with seeding, brush planting, exclosure, observance grazing systems and fodder cultivation selected and Treatments along with any corrective action as controls were studied. For soil samples in each transect segment 4 fixed length of 100 (m) was established along each transect six profiles and drilling depths of 0-30 and 30 to 60(cm) and 12 soil samples were taken. The soil samples to measure the factors studied was transferred to Soil Science Lab. And factors of organic matter, N, absorbable (P), absorbable (K), cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, exchangeablesodium percentage, the percentage of commutative sodium, clay, silt and sand, pH and water table underground water in each depth were analyzed. Obtained results showed that have had significant effect on elements of nitrogen, carbon, potassium erence betweenevery treatment site and its controlled site. Parameters Ec, Na. Ca,Mg, %sand, silt,clay, Sp and Esp variation (ANOVA) about soil parameters in 2 depths investigated showed significant difference among 5 treatments. Finally, the results of this study showed that the project management of pasture (grazed and exclosure system) because of in environment, consuming high costs and then reformed project of reservation rainfalls with seeding have positive effect on soil. Dry fodder cultivation and projects the need for high costs and lack of affordable work and plant cultivation, especially with non-compatible species present study area is not recommended.

Nowadays the Remote Sensing techniques are known as effective data sources which are used for land cover and land use change studies. These techniques have been used to monitor land use changes which have an important role in monitoring the land cover changes and the determination of land cover quality parameters. In this study, land cover images of TM and ETM+ from Landsat satellite for 1989 and 2000 and also LISSIII image of IRS satellite of 2007 were used to define and evaluate the land use changes in Talesh County in Northern Iran. Radiometric and geometric corrections were conducted using orthorectification method and in image processing phase the primarily production of new bandages was conducted. The most adequate band combination in each image was defined using OIF method and the supervised classification was conducted to defend land cover classification employing more than 50 ground trusted training samples. The results of computation for land use changes clearly shown that the area of forest land decreased and the built-up and urban areas underwent a growing trend. At the final phase, by employing Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data land use changes in different physiographic state were surveyed. The results show that the most of the land use changes was occurred in area with lower slope and elevation especially in eastward directions.

Formalin is used as a therapeutic solution on the fish fertilized eggs in the hatchery of rainbow trout farms. In this research, the risk of current formalin use on the health of exposed workers in the hatcheries of rainbow trout farms of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari prov. (the south -west of Iran) was evaluated. This report focuses on three operation authorizations basis of 11 hatcheries consists of the workers’ total information about the formalin health hazards, the necessary considerations during accidental formalin leak or considerations of the occupational individual health preservations during formalin use, and so the provided and established instruments in the hatcheries to protect the workers and reduce accidental releases harms to public and the environment. The study relies that all the workers were improperly operated formalin not only with the unnecessary dosage but also with the unsuitable (no laboratory) equipments. There is only one case of applying suitable gloves (not latex gloves) and 33 % simple mask ventilation among the users as the simplest hazard protection approaches; however 100%, 70.8% and 91.7% of them have declared irritation of the nose and throat , coughing and temperate non-sense of the fingers, respectively. The personal knowledge about carcinogenetic, tissues fixative attributes of formalin, and its flammable-combustive characteristics were 16.7%, 62% and 33 %, respectively. None of 11 farms have provided equipments for 5 predicated accidents as first medical aids and rescue for fire (except for two fire suppression chamber).There is evidence of high risk of the formalin use about ecological, public and human health because of unsuitable management system of safety basis and environmental protection requirements in the rainbow trout farms.

One of the elements of echological static development is the valuation of environmental capitals. This concept of source valuation leads us to ask questions about the extent of environmental valuation which occurs in the economical level. In this research, the recreational value of the district was determined by means of Contingent valuation method in order to study the satisfaction value of the recreational district "Vashi Canyon and Savashi Water Fall ". The effective elements of the extent of this satisfaction were determined by Logit method. The willing to pay in order to get satisfaction from recreational use of Vashi Canyon and Savashi Water Fall was measured as 9082/7 Rial/person per visit. The result showed that variables like bid, month household income, education, satisfaction rate can have a meaningful effect on willingness to pay for using the satisfaction of the environment.. It seems also that we can exploit from ecotourism preferences to the maximum rate due to the support from private sector in order to make substantial equipments, to make inform, and to introduce the worthseeing places in the district.

The extent of lands especially the waste dump areas that are affected by mining activities will increase by mining more and more. Thus, the need for performing mine reclamation will increase every day. Plant type Selection and planting to protect the region environment and the reclamation of the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine are these research most important objectives. This case study is in the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine. Plant types were selected based on reclamation plan’s primary criteria that are: Kind of post mining land use, Geology and Climate, Nature of soil. Then, comparison matrixes were obtained based on criteria and alternatives questionnaires that were completed by experts and plant types were prioritized by Fuzzy AHP method and Fuzzy TOPSIS method based on secondary criteria that are: Perspective of the region, Resistance against disease and insects, Strength and method of growth, Availability to plant type, Economic efficiency, Protection of soil and storing water, Prevention from pollution. Suitable plant types in the mining perimeter and Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine tailing dams were prioritized as follows: Amygdalus scoparia [wild almond], Pistachio [Pistachio Wild], Tamarix, Ephedra, Astragalus, Salsola, Respectively.

The aim of the present study is surveying on the population structure of bigeye kilka (Clupeonella grimmi Kessler, 1877) in the southern Caspian Sea in Mazandaran Province coasts. In this study which was conducted during 2010, 1043 samples were fortnightly provided from Babolsar fishing harbor in Mazandaran province. Length, weight, sexuality and age of samples were determined. Age was determined using sagitta otoliths. The results were compared with previous years. The growth parameters were calculated as (L∞=149.7mm, k=0.32 yr-1, t0=-1.20 yr) for females and (L∞=136.5mm, k=0.65yr-1, t0=-0.24yr) for males. Length-weight relationship in females was W FL 3.043 = 0.0000006 (R2 =0.813) and in males was W FL 3.079 = 0.000006 (R2 =0.834) which growth pattern in both sexes was positive allometric. Bigeye kilka population was constituted of 6 age groups, including 2-7 years. Mean age of females and males were 4.09±1.25 and 3.61±1.45 years, respectively. In females, 4 years old fish were dominant with 33.34 percent relative abundance. In males, 3 years old fish were dominant with 47.45 percent relative abundance. Male: female sex ratio was 0.656: 1 and females were dominant. Results showed that in recent years, bigeye kilka population has been older and its length and weight has increased. According to the biological parameters and comparing with the previous years, bigeye kilka has not been very affected by the Caspian Sea pelagic changes, due to inhabiting in deep regions.

In this study, effect of enzymatic deinking on mechanical properties of deinked pulp old coated magazine was investigated. The protocol for the enzymatic treatment of old coated magazine on a laboratory scale using cellulase and combination of callulase: lipase was developed as an effective method for paper recycling. The old coated magazine was prepared and pulped with pulp consistency for 4% and the pulping time for 2,5 min, temperature 20 and 50 C, at neutral PH. Then the pulps were deinked by Denver flotation cell at the laboratory of Azad University, science and research branch of Tehran. The study focused on analyzing the effects of enzyme treatment on mechanical strength of old magazine deinked pulp.The results showed that enzymatic treatment increased the mechanical strengths of the treated pulp compared to the control pulp except tear strength. The results of freeness showed that enzymatic treatment decreased the freeness of treated pulps. However, increasing the temperature of pulp decreased the freeness more.

There are about 27 sheep breeds in Iran. It is necessary, to specify size, weight, animal unit equivalent (AUE) and daily requirement of these breeds in each region for determining rangelands grazing capacity. In this study, animal unit equivalent of Haraki Sheep breed and its conversion coefficient to country animal unit were studied. For this purpose, two herds were selected within this breed herds grazing in rangelands. Within In each herd; 15 heads of three years old ewes, 15 heads of four years old ewes, 5 heads of 3 years old rams and 5 heads of 4 years old rams were selected and their weights were measured in summer and winter rangelands. In addition this number, at the summer rangeland, 10 heads 3 months old lambs and 10 heads 6 months old lambs were weighted. The average weight of adult ewes (three and four years old) was considered as the weight of Haraki sheep breed. According to results, the weight of Haraki sheep breed is 56.53± 1.73kg and in comparison with the weight of country animal unit, it is of heavy weight breeds. Animal unit equivalent of various categories of this breed (ewe, rams, 3 months old and 6 months old lambs) compared to the animal unit of the country, are 1.10, 1.31, 0.51 and 0.65 respectively. The results show that breed diversity cause variation of sheep breeds weight. On this basis, weight of various breeds is different together and it is categorized in various classes and it is not permitted to assign daily requirement of various breeds according to a basic unique weight in calculating of grazing capacity.