Journal of Skin and Stem Cell
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Sep 2022

Freckles are common pigmented lesions frequently observed on the face and other sun-exposed areas of the skin. Ephelides have an autosomal dominant inheritance, indicating that melanocyte activity and sun exposure are significant risk factors for the development of these lesions. The importance of freckles can be discussed from two perspectives of cosmetics and their complications. This research is the first step in gaining access to extensive scientific and experimental resources of Persian medicine (PM). "Barash" and "Namash" are the equivalent terms for freckles in medieval manuscripts of Persia. Therefore, words related to "Barash & Namash" from PM ancient manuscripts and other relevant keywords were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Extracted results were subsequently compared and recorded under the following classification. The clinical symptoms of freckles were similar to those of "Namash & Barash" diseases. Different therapeutic methods to treat such diseases in PM include lifestyle modification, medication, and manual intervention. There are several preventive and therapeutic methods for the management of freckles. Further research is required in this regard to identify more academic evidence.

Hair transplantation is a physically and mentally demanding field for surgeons. In order to cope with demands, physical and mental fitness is required. Indian ergonomics or yoga asanas serve this purpose fully without taking a heavy toll on the body.

Bullous diseases are classified as autoimmune blistering diseases, hereditary blistering disorders, and blistering diseases secondary to inflammation and physical trauma. This study evaluated clinicopathological features of patients with bullous diseases.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 88 patients with vesiculobullous diseases referred to the dermatology clinic of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman, Iran. Demographic features of the patients, type of lesions, differential diagnosis, and pathological features (site of skin biopsy, final pathological diagnosis, type of inflammatory cells, and direct immunofluorescence results) were recorded. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and independent t-test.

Eighty-eight patients (59.1% females and 40.9% males) were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 45.09 ± 20.48 years. Autoimmune blistering diseases, hereditary bullous diseases, and blisters secondary to inflammation and trauma were observed in 79.5%, 11.4%, 6.8%, and 2.3% of the cases, respectively. The most common diseases were pemphigus vulgaris (29.5%) and bullous pemphigoid (21.6%). There was a significant correlation between the type of the disease and the age of patients (P-value = 0.001) and the duration of the disease (0.047).

The most common autoimmune blistering diseases, hereditary bullous diseases, and blisters secondary to inflammation and trauma were pemphigus vulgaris, epidermolysis bullosa, lichen planus, and diabetic bullae/friction blister, respectively

A 76-year-old male presented to our department with a neoplastic growth on his left auricle.

The patient was referred from another hospital because he was very concerned about the cosmetic outcome. He had been refused an extensive plastic intervention due to his age and comorbidities. Clinical examination revealed a 1.3 × 1.4 cm ulcerative growth on the upper left ear helix. After the total excision of the lesion, malignant squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed under frozen sections. A helical rim advancement flap was recruited to achieve the best possible reconstructive outcome.

Surgery for auricle malignancies may be performed in one stage without prior biopsy if frozen sections are positive in highly suspicious cases. Aesthetic outcomes should be considered for every patient, regardless of gender or age.

 Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder. It mainly affects the elderly, with a mean age at presentation of 69 to 83 years and an incidence of 7 to 43 per million population in European studies. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rarely encountered in young people, with an incidence rate of less than 0.5 cases per million population in individuals less than 50 years.

 A 28-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his right forearm for three days. Also, an 18-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his face, hands, groin, and legs for two months. In both cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence confirmed BP.

 Though BP is rare in young individuals, it should be considered one of the differentials of vesiculobullous disorders. Herein, we reported two cases of BP in young people at unusual sites.