نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1401)

More than 2 billion population increase by 2050 leads to intensify the energy consumption, and it is argued that the urban environment is causing many problems, including global warming, ozone depletion, energy crisis, thermal disturbances, and urban heat. Today, one of the challenges facing governments around the world is the formation of cities to optimize energy consumption. Meanwhile, urban planning plays an effective role in reducing energy consumption in cities by creating sustainable neighborhoods. This study aims to investigate the degree of sustainability in the Ferdowsi neighborhood of Kermanshah based on the LEED-ND. In this research, first, the problems of reaching sustainable urban areas and also the problem of high energy consumption are explained, and after studying the most well-known international systems for assessing the sustainability of urban communities, LEED-ND was selected as a guide to measuring the neighborhood's sustainability. The method of measuring different topics was adopted after reviewing the credits expressed in the certificate. Based on the findings and analysis, the Ferdowsi neighborhood did not receive the minimum required points in the certificate. The results show that by making rules in neighborhood planning, we can take a step towards achieving sustainable neighborhoods and significantly reduce energy consumption. Given the issue of the energy crisis and its high importance, this research can be a way to develop a certificate in this field for neighborhoods in Iran. Moreover, the definition of systems and criteria for assessing urban communities in developing countries represents an unavoidable goal.

Attention to happiness and its dimensions play an essential role in the desirability of the environmental quality of neighborhoods which is one of the challenges facing cities today, especially new cities. Fuladshahr is one of the first new cities in Iran in 1968 with the comprehensive and detailed plans. This city has undergone changes in recent decades and neighborhoods with many problems and difficulties such as lack of public spaces, insecurity, lack of visual beauty, lack of neighborhood facilities, environmental pollution and … is in contradiction with the indicators of a happy city and has reduced the level of happiness and vitality of the city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of happy city in Fuladshahr to identify the factors affecting it. In this regard, to collect information and evaluate the indicators of a happy city, a questionnaire was used and neighborhoods were ranked using TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis. The results of evaluation of 19 neighborhoods of Fuladshahr based on 4 dimensions of environmental, physical-functional, social and economic and its sub-criteria show that neighborhood A2 is ranked first and neighborhood C7 is ranked 19th. So that factors such as development without plan and lack of attention to urban spaces in newly established neighborhoods, identity in neighborhoods, essential land uses, beautification of neighborhoods, safety of roads, income of citizens, jobs in the city, recreational spaces and ... are effective in reducing the happiness and vitality rate of neighborhood citizens that are in low ranks. In order to improve the quality of the happy city to achieve the sustainability of Foladshahr neighborhoods, the following suggestions have been made: strengthening the infrastructure and economic potential to increase the financial capacity of households to meet basic needs, improving the quality of water spaces, creating a variety of voluntary and social activities, and preparing active street life by making happy spaces, using the identity elements of the city, let people to participate in matters related to the place of residence through neighborhood councils and public arenas.

Today, with the high advancement of technology and the importance of cars on the streets, the movement of pedestrians in different levels of the city has become insignificant. There is a sense of vitality among citizens as well as the lack of urban spaces. This issue has been neglected in many cities of Iran and needs to be planned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Khayyam pedestrian way in promoting the sense of vitality of the city so that it is out of a space just for pass and become a dynamic space for citizens to attend desirably. Extracting indicators affecting this goal have provided effective solutions to enhance the sense of vitality of the space. This research is in the category of analytical methods from the target position. In the sample section, field observations, interviews with officials, as well as filling out questionnaires from pedestrians were used. According to Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were randomly distributed and then the data based on exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were analyzed. According to the results of expert analysis and statistical analysis, the use of principles such as considering the attraction of absorbing spaces as a source and destination in different parts of the street, proper wall design, using historical elements and ... help to enhance the sense of vitality.

One of the problems of the construction system in the country, especially the office buildings, is the design and implementation methods in terms of using technology. The low useful life of these buildings, especially in the hot humid climate, which has strong radiation and high humidity, causes severe erosion of these buildings built with common materials. Building industrialization based on sustainable development criteria as an efficient way to control and increase the quality of their construction is one of the long-term plans of the policy makers of the country's construction sector. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate sustainability criteria in the industrialization of office buildings in the hot and humid climate of Abadan city. The importance and significant aspects of the economic, social and environmental components as the three main pillars of sustainability in the industrialization of office buildings in Abadan is raised as the main question of this research, which has been measured by experts of the engineering organization. The research method in the first part was by collecting the main indicators of sustainable development, the factors that were most important according to experts were selected and categorized and coded based on the criteria of sustainable development dimensions. The Likert scale of questions was distributed among the statistical community after confirming its validity and reliability by experts. The tests include single sample T (t-test), paired T and K-S test in "SPSS-16.0" software environment. The findings show that social goals and its components (product and worker safety and environmental quality) have the highest impact in the sustainability of the industrialization of office buildings, followed by economic goals and its components (construction speed and project life span). It shows that development and realization of building industrialization cannot be realized only from the economic and technical point of view.

Air pollution is one of the problems of the present century all over the world. The aim of this study was to identify the major pollutants in Tabriz, District 8, and analyze their spatial distribution and investigate its relation with some components of man-made environment. To study the distribution of pollutants in the research area, information about the concentration of pollutants was measured by mobile equipment at 11 predetermined points between 10:00- 20:00 in different times and different days in June 2021 and with GIS software and distribution maps were extracted. The generated maps showed that the concentration of pollutants is directly related to the density of commercial land use and consequently the increase in traffic volume. To find the relationship between pollution concentration and urban typology, information about urban design components was extracted by using GIS software and the correlation coefficient between the concentrations of pollutants and the mentioned components was investigated. The results also showed a significant relationship between the concentration of suspended particles and the visibility factor to the sky as well as the density of building mass in the region. The concentration of carbon monoxide with the ratio of green space at the measuring points was inversely related and the pollutants NO2, SO2 and CO showed a significant relationship with the ratio of surface to unstructured and in fact building density. In addition, the relationship between the concentrations of pollutants with each other was also examined, indicating a strong direct relationship between the concentration of suspended particles (PM10 and PM2.5) together and the concentration of NO2, SO2 and CO with each other. In general, it can be concluded that the typology of the city plays a significant role in intensifying or adjusting the concentration of some air pollutants, and in critical areas, the air quality of the area can be improved to some extent by controlling urban design variables.

Today, cities that have created the necessary conditions for fostering creativity and attracting creative elements can succeed in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development. Therefore, creative talent is the basis for the competitive advantage of cities, and combining the concepts of creativity and tourism is essential for the development of such talents. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analysis of socio-economic dimensions of sustainable development based on Creative Tourism (Case study: Zabol City). This research is a quantitative and survey method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and research method. The required research data were collected by documentary-questionnaire method, SPSS software and hybrid models (F-SORA and F-KOPRAS) and F-ARAS were used to analyze the data. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that the status of creative tourism indicators in Zabol city is medium to favorable. Also, the results of the correlation test show a meaningful and positive relationship between the sustainable development of Zabol city and creative tourism. The results of the combined models (F-SORA and F-KOPRAS) for prioritizing the indicators of creative tourism showed that the index of the creative class is in priority. Finally, the results of the F-ARAS model showed that, among the economic components affected by creative tourism, employment and among the social components, participation, have been assigned the highest points.