Journal of Multidisciplinary Care
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Dec 2021

The quality of nurse-patient communication has significant effects on patient care outcomes. Therefore, education of communication skills (CSs) to nurses and nursing students can improve patient care outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of face-to-face education (FTFE) and virtual education (VE) on CSs among nursing students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021. Participants were 51 senior nursing students in their internship course in Shahrekord Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord, Iran. They were recruited to the study through a census and were allocated to FTFE and VE groups through the Random Allocation Software. FTFE was provided in two sessions through the lecture and the question and answer methods, while VE was provided in a single online session through simulated multimedia content. Participants’ CSs were assessed before and ten days after the study intervention through a 50-minute Objective Structured Clinical Examination with five consecutive stations on communication with elderly patient, communication with adolescent patient, communication with aggressive patient, communication with illiterate or non-communicative patient, and communication for consent. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 23.0) and through the independent sample t, paired-sample t, and chi-square tests and the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The posttest mean scores of CSs in both groups were significantly greater than their corresponding pretest values (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups respecting the pretest and the posttest mean scores of CSs. The pretest mean score of the communication with elderly patient skill and the posttest mean score of the communication with aggressive patient skill had significant relationship with participants’ place of residence and gender, respectively (P<0.05).

VE is as effective as FTFE in significantly improving nursing students’ CSs. Therefore, quality VE programs are recommended to fulfill the different educational needs of nursing students.

Nurses are at risk for job burnout (JB) due to the characteristics of their work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of emotional work (EW) on JB with the mediating role of work-family conflict (WFC) among nursing staff.

This was an applied survey. Study population consisted of all 195 nursing staff of Imam Khomeini hospital, Bandar Turkman, Iran. Participants were 129 nursing staff selected through stratified random sampling. The Haag Emotional Work Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Mousavi and Alvani’s WFC questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis performed via the SPSS (v. 22.0) and the AMOS (v. 22.0) software.

EW had significant effects on JB (path coefficient: 0.57) and WFC (path coefficient: 0.27). WFC also had significant effects on JB (path coefficient: 0.74) and had significant mediating effects on the EW-JB relationship.

Strategies to boost nursing staff’s morale can reduce their stress, JB, and WFC.

Privacy is one of the most basic rights of patients. Privacy protection in the complex and stressful environment of operating room needs special attention. The aim of the study was to explore patient privacy from the perspectives of perioperative nurses.

This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2016 on fifteen perioperative nurses purposefully selected from a teaching hospital in Gorgan, Iran. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed via conventional content analysis.

Participants’ experiences of patient privacy came into five main categories, namely body covering, effective communication with patient, comfort provision, care provision by same-gender healthcare providers, and ensuring patient safety. These categories were grouped into the main theme of safety-oriented care.

This study provides a better understanding about patient privacy in operating room and shows patient privacy as a basic need of patients. Policies and strategies are needed to improve patient privacy protection in operating room.

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one-year sexual activity without contraception. It can be associated with different psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-esteem among infertile couples.

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018 with a two-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were thirty infertile couples (60 individuals) who referred to the infertility clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Couples with score 21 or less for the Eysenck Self-Esteem Questionnaire were randomly allocated to a 30-person control and a 30-person intervention group. Participants in the intervention group received CBT in eight sixty-minute weekly sessions, while their counterparts in the control group received no education. A demographic questionnaire and the Eysenck Self-Esteem Questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software (v. 24.0) and the chi-square, independent-sample t, and paired-sample t tests.

There was no significant difference between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean score of self-esteem (12.93±3.31 vs. 12.8±2.58; P=0.863). The posttest mean score of self-esteem in the control group was 12.76±2.47 with no significant change compared with the pretest (P=0.907), while the mean score of self-esteem in the intervention group significantly increased to 21.43±3.54 at posttest (P<0.001). The posttest mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group (P<0.001).

CBT can significantly improve self-esteem among couples with infertility

 Loneliness can increase stress, anxiety, and engagement in social deviances (SDs) among adolescents and youngsters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of loneliness and attitude towards SDs among nursing and health students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

 This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020. Participants were 105 nursing and health students of Ramsar Faculty of Nursing, Mazandaran, Iran. Data were collected using the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Social Deviances Attitude Scale. Data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 16.0) and analyzed through the independent-sample t, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, the analysis of variance, the Spearman’s correlation analysis, and the multiple regression analysis.

 Most participants were female (73.3%) and single (90.5%) and studied nursing (55.2%). The mean scores of loneliness and attitude towards SDs were 40.19±10.51 and 68.57±8.32, respectively. The highest dimensional score of attitude towards SDs was related to the drug abuse dimension (15.31±2.65). Loneliness had significant relationship with attitude towards SDs and all its dimensions (P<0.05). The significant predictors of loneliness were attitude towards SDs, its aggression dimension, family income, father’s occupation, and father’s educational level (P<0.05).

 Students have low level of loneliness and negative attitude towards SDs. Attitude towards SDs, its aggression dimension, family income, father’s occupation, and father’s educational level are the significant predictors of loneliness. Health and education policy makers need to use strategies to reduce students’ loneliness in order to reduce the risk of their engagement in SDs.

Childbirth self-efficacy (CSE) reduces women’s fear over labor and increases their tendency for vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the sense of coherence (SOC) and distress tolerance (DT) with CSE with the mediating role of body intelligence (BI).

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2019 on 240 women aged 20–40 years who referred to primary healthcare centers in Maragheh, Iran, to receive reproductive care services. Sampling was done through multistage random sampling and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Lowe’s Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, the Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence scale, the Simons and Gahar’s Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Anderson’s Body Intelligence Scale. The SPSS and the AMOS software (v. 22.0) were used for data analysis through the Pearson’s correlation analysis, the Bootstrapping method, and the Sobel’s test.

DT, SOC, and BI significantly predicted 16% of the variance of CSE. The direct effects of DT (0.20), SOC (0.15), and BI (0.20) in CSE prediction were significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the indirect effects of SOC (t=2.72) and DT (t=2.46) with the mediating role of BI were significant.

Women’s CSE can be improved through improving their SOC, DT, and BI.

The nursing philosophy has moved from reductionism to holism in its manner of treating human being (HB). There are two main philosophical worldviews about holism, namely reciprocal interaction and simultaneous action worldviews, based on which most holistic nursing theorists formulated their works. Islam, as a perfect religion, also addresses all dimensions of HB and provides different instructions for their development. However, it is still poorly known whether there is a difference between western and Islamic holism. This study was conducted to analytically compare these two main philosophical worldviews with the Islamic worldview in nursing.

This analytical study was conducted in 2020 through the library search method. The SID, Medlib, IranMedex, Magiran, Irandoc, ISI, Scopus, PubMed, and Islamic World Science Citation Center databases were searched using the “holism”, “Islamic thought”, “reciprocal interaction”, and “simultaneous action” keywords. Moreover, the works of famous Islamic intellectuals, particularly Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei and Morteza Motahhari, were assessed.

In the reciprocal interaction worldview, HB is considered as an organized and coherent whole with different biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions and inter-relationships among these dimensions. Moreover, it considers HB as a metaphor, implying that HB is a unified, self-organizing, and regularly changing being that is in interaction with internal and external environments. In the Islamic worldview, HB is a unified truth with material and immaterial realms consisted of physical body connected with emotions, cognition, society, spirituality, and the universe.

Although the simultaneous action worldview has a holistic view towards HB, it does not specifically address all HB dimensions. However, the reciprocal interaction worldview addresses some HB dimensions. Islamic intellectuals not only have a holistic view towards all HB dimensions, but also consider HB relationship with the universe. Such divine view to HB integrates the simultaneous action and the reciprocal interaction worldviews, provides nurses with a holistic view towards HB, and facilitates the application of the existing holistic nursing theories for nursing practice, research, and theorization.

Nurses are in direct contact with healthcare clients. Infectious diseases epidemics, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cause high levels of stress for nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep quality (SQ) among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this review, the Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, Scopus, EMBASE, and Psych INFO databases were searched using the keywords “posttraumatic stress disorder”, “burnout”, “sleep quality”, “nurse”, “mental health”, and “coronavirus disease 2019” to find relevant studies published in English between May 2020 to July 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to appraise the quality of the retrieved studies.

The prevalence rates of burnout, PTSD, and low SQ were 25%–60%, 16%–68%, and 18%–38%, respectively. Nurses’ gender, job satisfaction, affiliated hospital ward, work experience, levels of stress and anxiety, and care provision in the frontline of COVID-19 care affected the prevalence of burnout, PTSD, and low SQ.

Burnout, PTSD, and low SQ are highly prevalent among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological counseling centers in hospitals need to provide nurses with training and counseling about the management of their mental health problems.