مجله مطالعات علوم قرآن
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1401)

One of the fundamental theoretical issues that have been dealt with in physics and the Holy Qur'an is how the universe begins and ends. The present study has examined and analyzed different viewpoints about this issue via the library method in collecting materials and documentary method in conveying views and the qualitative and descriptive content analysis method in data evaluation, focusing on the Surah Anbiya, verse no. 30, Fussilat, verse no. 11 and Dariyat verse no. 47. The findings suggest that Qad-Re Mota-Yaqqan, based on the physical viewpoints and the Qur'anic references in the related verses, means that at the beginning of creation, the universe was a dense mass that emerged as a result of the splitting of that system of our existence and one of the most important stages in relation to human life is about the formation of the atmospheric layers, which the Qur'an refers to as the seven heavens, and the universe is continuously expanding until it begins to contract and the vast board of the universe is dissolved. However, we have no reason to associate events related to the Day of Resurrection with natural phenomena that will occur in the world based on scientific predictions.

One of the tools for the flourishing of pure thoughts and the achievement of lost truths is debate and exchange of opinions. Through this method, the prophets and divine authorities explained the revelational and rational teachings and strengthened the people's opinions, and defended the truth of the religions and divine teachings by refuting the doubts of the opponents and enemies. In the present era, one of the effective ways to introduce and explain the pure teachings of Islam and the enlightened teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt school of thought and to defend against the invasion of the doubts of dissidents and enemies, is to use debate, discourse and free-thinking sessions. One of the conditions of using this method is to know the etiquette of debate. The present study seeks to make use of religious teachings to introduce and explain the etiquette. The type of collection in this study is a library and descriptive-analytical method has been used to answer the research question. In the end, it was concluded that observing the etiquette that is presented in the religious teachings for debate could have a decisive role in explaining and introducing the truths of Islam.

Researchers have dealt with the thematic interpretation (of the Qur'an) from various perspectives, which resulted in the creation of different methods in this interpretation style. One of the procedures that has attracted the attention of the scientific community in the current era is the revelational interpretation style. Since this procedure claims to discover the methods of institutionalization of Qur'anic teachings, its effectiveness has been examined in this paper. For this purpose, first of all, the basics of this procedure are considered, which are "legitimacy and permissibility of interpretation in the order of descent", "the availability of the order of descent", "the wisdom of the Qur'an in its content and method", "coherence of verses and surahs", "non-conflict of the revelational interpretation with the belief in devotion of verses and surahs in the formal Holy Qur'an" and "the words of the Qur'an as being verbal". Then, they are evaluated under the titles of "The illegitimacy of interpretation according to the order of revelation", "The lack of influence of the order of revelation in the understanding of God's purpose", "Uncertainty about the order of surahs", "Changes in the Qur'an", "Difficulty in finding the main axis of each surah" in a descriptive-analytical method and leads to the relative efficiency of this interpretation procedure. However, it needs explanation and serious revision in some of its basics.

The issue of Zarb al-Nisa (beating women) is one of the topics related to women in the Qur'an, which has been questioned in the recent century due to the spread of feminist ideas. Among the reasons for doubt is the ambiguity in determining its boundaries. Therefore, determining its scope will be a step towards removing doubt. The present study seeks to answer the question of what is the scope of Zarb al-Nisa (Izribouhon) according to its components in verse 34 of Nisa. This study has come to the conclusion by descriptive, analytical method and using library and software resources that each of the components of "Zarb al-Nisa" i.e. "target", "Mazroub (the one who is beaten)", "Zarib (The one who beats)", "place of beating" and "types of beating" "determines the scope of "beating" and each of the mentioned components limit its boundaries in a way. The component of "goal", with "discipline" and "punishment", the component of "mazroub" with "divine rebellion", the component of "Zarib", with "beating out of love" and the component of "place of beating", with "applying it in private" are limited.

One of the terms attributed to women in the Qur'an is the word harth. Verse 223 of Surah Al-Baqarah is one of the most important verses related to the issue of women, and the correct understanding of this verse has a significant impact on the representation of the Qur'an's view on the issue of women and its fateful results. In the verse of harth, the special and exclusive role of women in multiplying the generation is mentioned by comparing women to harth. However, this has caused doubt and criticism of the legal system of the Qur'an regarding the nature and status of women. In this verse, in order to "decorate speech and observe politeness", the word "harth" is used ironically to refer to the marital relationship. The purpose of this paper, which is descriptive-analytical, is to analyze the conceptual implications of the verse of harth and respond to the doubts and criticisms by relying on documents such as verse 223 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the existing interpretations of the mentioned verse and the Qur'anic and narrative arguments, so as to prove true view of legal system of the Qur'an about the nature and essence of women. Through a careful and comprehensive examination, it can be understood that what is mentioned in this verse is not only against women's rights, but also in the direction of supporting women's dignity. If you pay close attention to the different parts of the verse of harth, it does not indicate any difference in valuation between the two sexes, but it is one of the verses that discusses the value of a woman and what she is. This means that in the verse, attention is paid to the role of the relationship between men and women in having children.

Verses of Mustasnayat (exceptions) or Mutadakhil mean the existence of some Madani verses in Makki surahs and vice versa. The claim of the existence of verses of Mustasnayat is not reflected in the works of the first century, but in the later works, and with the passage of time, the range of exceptions has been developed and faced with supporters and opponents. Gradually, 197 Madani verses in Makki surahs and 26 Makki verses in Madani surahs have been mentioned in the sources of Qur'anic sciences and interpretation. Some have rejected the existence of the exception and others have rejected some cases and confirmed some cases or remained silent about it. The most criticism is about the presence of Makki verses in 0existence of Makki verses in Madani Surah of al-Baqarah and by analyzing the reason for the formation of this claim, referring to the context and appropriateness of the verses and using the interpretations and criticism of the arguments of the claimants of exception, it has been shown that the mixture of the time and place criteria in the definition of Makki and Madani and the unquestioning acceptance of narrations and incorrect interpretation of the verse have led to the formation of exceptions in the verses. The revelation of these verses was integrated with the preceding and following verses in the Madani era, and this claim is basically invalid.