نشریه راهبردهای توسعه روستایی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1401)

In the current period, rural handicrafts are related to the concepts of economic development due to their economic nature, which can convey the identity of villagers more and better to customers through social, cultural and ethnic messages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the capacities of handicrafts in rural settlements of Torbat-e Jam-Taybad cities. According to the research topic, the type of research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes two groups of experts (15 people) and handicraft producers in 15 villages studied in Torbat-e-Jam-Taybad counties, among which 1380 active handicrafts were identified, of which 239 as a sample population by They were questioned by simple coincidence. Data collection methods include library and field methods with questionnaire tools. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test in SPSS software and AHP. Findings showed that four economic, social, tourism and environmental factors are the most important capacities of handicrafts in the study area and in all research variables (economic, 3.40, social, 3.37, tourism, 3.26, environmental, 07 / 3) The average of the identified capacities is higher than the theoretical average, therefore, they play an effective and useful role in the rural development of the region (in relation to its economic situation, etc.). Also, the results of (AHP) among the studied variables, economic and social components with weights of 0.574, 0.167%, respectively, were recognized as the most important factors due to the prosperity of handicrafts, which tourism and environmental components, respectively, by weight 150.159 and 0.098 are less important than other factors. Therefore, identifying the potential of handicraft prosperity as a creative and innovative approach in rural development for other rural settlements is proposed.

Modeling the levels of agricultural development is an effective tool in creating sufficient knowledge of the land and the spatial distribution of its development. Therefore, this study aimed to model the levels of agricultural development in rural areas of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces in 1399-1400. This research is quantitative in terms of applied purpose and data analysis, done in a survey manner. The study's statistical population was rural centers of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces, which were studied using a stratified sampling method and proportional assignment of 666 farmers from 89 rural centers. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The combined Viktor-entropy method was used to measure the degree of agricultural sustainability in the studied rural areas. Arc-GISver10.5 software was used to model sustainable agricultural development levels. The conceptual model of the research was also confirmed using AMOSver24 software. The results show that the Khorramrud villages of Tuyserkan city and the Raheb village of Kaboudar Ahang city of Hamadan province had the highest and lowest sustainability coefficients. In general, the rural areas of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces are similar in terms of sustainable agricultural development, and there is no significant difference. Also, according to the calculations, the studied villages were divided into seven levels, which are completely unstable in rural areas. It is not located at 15 unstable levels, relatively unstable at 28 villages, stable at 33 villages, relatively stable at 11 villages, stable at two villages, and not at a completely stable level.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of villagers with the implementation of the Hadi project using the Kano model in Qara Aghajkooh village of Urmia city. The statistical population of the study consisted of all heads of households in Qara Aghajkooh village, 204 of whom were selected and evaluated using the Krejcie-Morgan table as a sample. The research tool was a KANO couple questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts in the field. To evaluate the reliability, 30 out-of-sample questionnaires were completed and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.883, which indicated the optimal reliability of the questionnaire. Factors Affecting Villagers' Satisfaction with the Implementation of the Master Plan According to the Kano model, they were classified into three sections: functional, basic and motivational requirements. Findings from Kano model showed that the highest level of satisfaction of villagers with the implementation of the master plan in the field of meeting the basic needs of the factor of standardization of structures with a coefficient of satisfaction of 0.55 and the lowest level of factor garbage collection and disposal with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.08. Also, among the factors of functional requirements, the highest level of satisfaction was allocated to the factor of increasing the tendency to work in the service sector of the village with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.88 and the lowest amount to the factor of attention to historical and cultural values of the village with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.62. In the group of motivational requirements, the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction are related to the factor of increasing land prices with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.92 and increasing the amount of investment in rural areas and new economic opportunities with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.75, respectively. In order to improve the factors related to the three groups, the priority is first with the basic requirements, then the functional requirements and finally the motivational requirements.

The study of environmental factors affecting the growth and development of rural and urban areas leads to determining the optimal aspects of future urban development and the potential of the environment for spatial expansion. In this study, land suitability for physical-spatial development of Shahmirzad village in the north of Mahdishahr, Semnan province, where the settlement of dwellings and uses in its geographical environment (Chakeh river basin) does not have relative morphodynamic stability, based on ten criteria in four proposed areas The descriptive-analytical method was performed with the aim of providing location and appropriate solutions for Shahmirzad's future development, and the weighting of related criteria and parameters was done from AHP hierarchical model and Makhdoom model with the help of experts' knowledge and Chois export software. Based on the studies, it was concluded that different urban geographical areas of Shahmirzad (Shahmirzad North Shahmirzad South, Shahmirzad East and Shahmirzad West) are not quantitatively and qualitatively homogeneous in terms of application and distribution of environmental methods and the distribution of residential spatial in Relation to indicators such as people's inclinations, height and slope of land, situation in relation to natural hazards, distance from agricultural lands and gardens, distance from surface water, area, land ownership factor (endowment and government land), purchase cost, preparation cost And the situation with respect to heterogeneous uses) is not commensurate. Meanwhile, economic indicators such as purchase cost and preparation cost and land ownership factor accounted for more than 50% of the share of the city's expansion to high-risk areas in terms of natural hazards (floods, landslides and earthquakes) and destruction. , Capture fertile gardens and change land use. Any development must be done in accordance with ecological constraints, while purposeful development is to be formed between the four areas for the future development of Shahmirzad and based on the horizon of sustainable development. After evaluation and zoning, it was found that the eastern area (eastern Shahmirzad area and around Kolahdooz town) has more environmental potential for the future sustainable development of Shahmirzad space than the west, north and south of the city.

Investigating of energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the methods to compare energy efficiency, production efficiency and environmental hazards of agroecosystems. This study investigates the patterns of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of dryland chickpea production in rural areas of Qoshkhaneh region of Shirvan city. Data for this experiment were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected by random sampling. In this study, energy inputs included: labor, machinery, diesel, chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and seeds, and the study output was grain yield and shoot yield (straw). The results showed that the average labor used per hectare of dryland chickpea farms in rural areas of North Khorasan was 21 people, nitrogen fertilizer 50 and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 70 kg/ha, as well as diesel fuel consumption of 35 liters and the use of machinery 8 h/ha. Evaluation of energy consumption showed that among the inputs, nitrogen fertilizer with 3307 MJ/ha accounted for 40.06% of the total energy input and diesel fuel with 1970.85 MJ/ha, Consumed 23.23% of the total input energy. labor and seeds also had the lowest share of energy inputs with 0.49 and 1.87 percent, respectively. Total energy consumption efficiency (chickpea + straw) was 1.91, energy productivity was 0.08 kg/MJ and specific energy was 12.32 MJ/kg. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions was 399.20 kg/ha, the share of CO2 was 398.60, the share of N2O and CH4 was 0.02 and 0.57 kg/ha respectively. Global warming production potential per hectare of dryland chickpeas in North Khorasan Province was 419.13 kg CO2 equivalence. In general, the results showed that dryland chickpea fields have low energy consumption due to dependence on rainwater and lack of electricity consumption, as well as low consumption of chemical fertilizers. The most important strategies to reduce energy consumption in the production of dryland chickpeas is the use of appropriate crop rotation to reduce the use of herbicides and chemical fertilizers and also to observe the rules of farm traffic to reduce the movement of agricultural implements on farms.

One of the main tasks of planners in rural region is to allocate land to different uses according to the function and the impact of each function on each other. The aim of this study is to investigate usage progression of rural fields. The research method is descriptive and analytical, which has been studied using a map and a questionnaire. In this land study, conversion function have been studied in four villages: Jozghan, Hosseini, Soran and Kohjeh of Kuhsangi village, during the last 20 years. Which has examined land usage changes around the villages by preparing a map in ENVI and ARC MAP software. In addition, to investigate the conversions within the rural ground and evaluate the compatibility of these changes through a questionnaire that was fulfilled by 60 endemic persons using purposive random sampling and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that in the first 10 years of the research, the highest growth of land usage conversion occurred in residential use and the least change was in non-vegetation land and in residential usage, rangeland was with the least change in usage in the second 10 years of research unlike to others in the first 10 years. Also, by evaluating the conversion indicator of compatibility indicator with using the three components of public security, village vision and environment, the results are as follows: according to the public security and village vision, residential-religious usage are more compatible than other usages and due to environment, Greenbelt is more compatible than other usages

Save John human lives along with providing ease of movement is one of the most important goals of traffic engineering processes. Pedestrians are one of the most important pillars of traffic, so vehicles and pedestrians are the main targets for traffic policing. Pedestrian walkways are places that are built for pedestrians in a variety of different applications. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the citizens' desire to no use pedestrian bridges. This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose and its research method is analytical-descriptive. Data were collected through field survey and face-to-face interviews with 380 people in 2019 using stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were used to measure it. In this study Eviews statistical software and Logit model were used for data analysis.The results showed that one of the most important factors affecting students' unwillingness to use the Pedestrian is the height of stairs, fear of elevation, fines or encouragement, escalators, and the creation of mid-way streets. In the public users section of the park factor affecting to use the Pedestrian were the number of stairs, the level of awareness of the people and the construction of the overpass. These factors in the students sector include the slope and height of the stairs, fines or encouragement, escalator placement and waste of time, which in most cases are the same as the student section. Also, the most important factor in the student sector is the creation of the middle of the street, in the public user of park is number of stairs, and in the student sector was waste of time.Escalator construction gives incentives for more people to use the streets to cross the street. Also, standardizing the height and slope of stairs and creating a barrier in the middle of the street makes the public more inclined to use the slopes.

Drought has caused great damage to agriculture and rural communities over the past years. In the last decade, the approach to dealing with natural conditions and events has given way to coping and living with them. One of the effective factors in reducing the effects of drought is building the capacity of villagers to deal with drought. The purpose of this study is to present scenarios affecting the capacity building of villagers to reduce the effects of drought. The type of research in this study is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the present study consists of two groups, the first group consists of 30 professors, specialists and experts related to the research topic and the second group consists of rural elites and villagers and members of the village Islamic council. The method of collecting library and field information (questionnaire, interview) was done, and structural analysis was used to analyze the data using Mick Mac software. Findings show, . Among the 36 indicators studied, the tendency to use the strategies of the past to reduce the effects of drought and the tendency to change the cultivation pattern to drought-resistant plants had the greatest impact on capacity building of villagers to reduce the effects of drought. According to the rankings obtained from the direct and indirect effects of variables, all 36 key influencing factors exist, both in direct and indirect effects. In other words, the study of indirect relationships between different factors shows that all factors in direct effects with a slight change in their rank are repeated exactly in indirect effects.