نشریه سیاست ها و تحقیقات اقتصادی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1401)

Based on the Lucas economic literature and growth model; the quality of manpower is one of the factors affecting economic growth. The present study has evaluated the Lucas economic growth model in the provinces of Iran using the GMM method during the period 2006-2019. Human capital is a latent variable in economics and is replaced by alternative proxies. Based on theoretical foundations, it is argued that the human capital index, in addition to the education aspect, is influenced by other aspects such as; there is also skill and health. Therefore, in this article, using fuzzy logic, an index for human capital in the provinces of Iran has been constructed that considers the three main aspects (education, skills and health) of human capital. The results of estimating the Lucas economic growth model using the fuzzy human capital index showed that improving the level of human capital increases the economic growth of the provinces of Iran. Other research results show the positive effects of industrialization, labor force participation, physical capital and economic growth of the previous period on the economic growth of Iranian provinces. Also, the size of government and urbanization have a negative impact on the economic growth of Iranian provinces.

Over the past two decades, in developing countries, including Iran, with the increase in population and the trend of migration to cities, housing has become one of the acute problems of policy makers and planners. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the consumption demand for housing in Iran. In this study, to estimate the model, uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method and the period is from 1991 to 2020. Findings show that population, permanent income and life expectancy have positive and significant effects and housing prices have a negative and significant effect on the consumption demand for housing. With an increase in population, permanent income and life expectancy in short run and long run, consumption demand for housing is increases. Housing prices have had a significant negative effect on consumption demand for housing in both short and long run. Increase in housing prices, reduces of consumption demand for housing. The error correction coefficient shows that in each period, 64% of the imbalance in the consumption demand for housing in Iran is adjusted and moves towards a long run value.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the type and effectiveness of energy consumption from underground economy. For this purpose, initially the volume of underground economy was estimated based on Tanzi approach and using data and information in the period 1978-2019. Then, in order to study and experimentally analyze the effects of the underground economy and other variables on energy consumption in the Iranian economy. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) was used. Findings from estimating the symmetric (linear) model in the long run show that the underground economy is not associated with a significant effect on energy consumption, but nonlinear estimation indicates the asymmetric effect of the underground economy on energy consumption. In a way that increases in the underground economy are not associated with a significant effect on energy consumption and reductions have the indirect effect and with a one percent decrease in the volume of the underground economy, energy consumption increases by 0.31 percent. In both symmetric and asymmetric model, real energy prices have an adverse effect on energy consumption. Urbanization rates are also expected to have a direct effect on energy consumption. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers try to reduce the volume of the underground economy by adopting appropriate policies and promoting the level of economic transparency. It is also suggested to pay attention to the asymmetric effect of this factor on energy consumption in energy pricing.

The present study aimed to optimize the income basket of Ansar Bank, and for this purpose, the main objective and collective purpose of Ansar Bank has been identified. Then, in sub-descriptions, each objective is considered as a function of income basket items and the coefficients of these substructures were estimated using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) econometric method and linear planning method. The main purpose of the complete linear planning model will form. The results show that the benefit of optimal granting facilities in the Ansar Bank's income basket is 64%, while the benefits of granting facilities in the Ansar Bank's income basket are currently 72%. Also, the profit from investment and optimal deposit in the income basket of Ansar Bank is 22 percent, which is currently 14 in Ansar Bank's income basket now. The requirement for its optimal level in the income basket of the Ansar Zero Bank is obtained, while the boundary in the income basket of Ansar Bank is one percent. There is also an optimal amount of fees in the Ansar Bank's income basket of 11%, in which the Bank of Ansar Bank is 7%,

Oil has a special strategic position as an essential substance in oil-exporting countries. Fluctuations in oil prices and revenues Are the main sources of turmoil in the economies of oil-dependent countries and have affected the economies of oil-exporting countries, disrupting the performance of macroeconomic variables and economic growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of oil revenues on the economic growth of selected oil exporting countries during the period 2008-2019. Before estimating the spatial pattern, the effects of spatial spillover were confirmed for the space Durbin model using Moran, Jerry C, Jetis and Akaik statistical diagnostic dependence tests. The results of this study in the framework of combined spatial data and based on space Durbin estimates showed that oil revenues and the effects of its proximity have negative effects on the economic growth of oil-exporting countries. Among other research results, population and inflation rates had a negative effect on economic growth in these countries, while foreign direct investment variable had a positive effect on economic growth. Based on the research results, it is suggested to achieve high and stable economic growth rate, adopt policies to reduce the economy's dependence on oil revenues, reduce government spending had.

One of the current issues that has affected economic growth is the abundance of natural resources in countries that have natural resources. In economic studies, the impact of natural resource abundance on economic growth has been widely studied, and some existing empirical studies indicate a negative relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of natural resource abundance on the economic growth of twenty selected developing countries, taking into account the role of institutional quality and human capital, during the period 1995-2019. According to the results, natural resources income has a significant negative impact on the economic growth of selected developing countries and institutional quality, total investment and human capital index have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of selected developing countries. According to the research findings, it seems that the abundance of natural resources through the backwardness of human capital and the weakness of governance institutions has caused the backwardness of the countries under development.