فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 103، پاییز 1401)

Considering the importance of intelligence training, sensitive developmental ages, flexibility of the brain and changing intelligence approaches, The purpose of this study was to develop an educational Package of parental behavior based on the lived experiences of parents with gifted preschool children. Method During 2 years and with the help of Tehran-Stanford IQ scale, the intelligence of many children(46 of 497 children) was measured and finally 20 gifted children with IQ above 130 were selected. The families of these children were interviewed, Interviews were recorded and analyzed by using the Kolaizzi method and the main and sub-themes to have a smart child, were identified. Then, by studying various sources and the results of the research, the parenting package was prepared and Presented to seven IQ and child specialists to evaluate the content, formal validity and content validity ratio. The final results indicated 13 main themes and 32 sub-themes with evidence and examples and 13 sessions were designed and approved for Parental Behavior Training Package. According to the approval of this package by experts, the prepared content can be a comprehensive guide for raising the intelligence of children for parents with children under six years old. We hope that these results will be a good gift for the future of the children of Iran.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is the qualitative method and the exploratory method is used to make the tool. For this purpose, while interviewing 15 women applicants for divorce in the form of interviews with focus groups to the theoretical extent of data saturation, the initial form of the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage of the research, using a quantitative method, the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire were investigated. For this purpose, 160 people were selected by available sampling from among women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage in Ardabil in 1399, and completed the psychological-marital problems questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Hudson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the psychological-marital problems questionnaire contained 28 questions and 7 approved dimensions, which are: Anxiety, depression, confusion, insecurity and pessimism, nostalgia and loss, lack of mutual understanding and marital conflict. Calculation of validity and reliability of the questionnaire showed that this Questionnaire has high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used in research and evaluation.

Genuine self-forgiveness, as an adaptive response to a self who is faced and traumatized with moral misconduct. It consists of the reorganization of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Researchers are interested in studying the psychological difficulties experienced during self-forgiveness. In this study, students' self-forgiveness experiences were explored through thematic narrative analysis. The study participants were 6 students who had experienced self-forgiveness. Narrative interviews were used to collect data. By analyzing the interviews based on the theoretical foundations and research literature, three main themes of preservative self-forgiveness, transformative self-forgiveness, and pseudo-self-forgiveness were extracted. Most participants experienced preservative self-forgiveness. The results of this study can elucidate extensive dimensions of cognitive and emotional aspects of people’s coping with life’s challenges. The various negative emotions that people experience in face of life problems will create the foundations for anxiety and mood disorders in the future. A deeper understanding of how to confront these emotions and self-forgiveness, will facilitate therapy.

Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit and implicit information processing and evaluation. The aim of the present study was to compare the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people. The method of study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes people with eating disorders in Tehran who have referred to medical and counseling centers in the first six months of 1399. The sampling method was cluster accessible and purposeful. The sample size was 300 people who were examined with SCL-90 questionnaires, Ahvaz Eating Disorder Inventory (Sharififard, 1998), Food Attitude Scale (Teachman et al., 2003) and computer-based task of implicit association test (Greenwald et al., 1998). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance, which showed there is a significant difference between people with eating disorders and healthy people in explicit and implicit association of depression, in implicit association of anxiety, and in explicit association of eating attitudes. The results of regression analysis also showed that only explicit and implicit association of depression, and implicit association of anxiety can significantly predict eating disorder. These results confirm the role of implicit and explicit associations in the clinical field; and helps to better understand eating disorder, to be considered in the development of educational programs and psychological interventions.

The aim of the present study was Network Analysis of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas. sampling method was non-random with maximum variation, the sample size was 849 people and research tool was Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-L3). Network analysis, R software and Qgragh package were used for data analysis. The results showed that according to the shape of the drawing network, only the schemas of one domain (disconnection and Rejection) correspond to Young's domain and There are differences in the other 4 domains (Impaired Autonomy and Performance, Impaired limits, Other- directedness and Over vigilance/Inhibition). The importance of these findings is on the one hand in the field of clinical and schema therapy approach and on the other hand in the field of psychometrics and localization of diagnostic tools.

The aim of this study was determining the efficacy of self-advocacy training on communication skills of adolescents with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy induced alopecia. The method of present study was quasi experimental single-subject with pre-test, post-test and two-week and one-month follow-ups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents aged 12-15 years with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy alopecia in Tehran in 1400. The sample group consisted of 4 adolescents with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy alopecia, who were selected by available sampling method and taking into account the inclusion criteria. The self-advocacy training intervention program was implemented in 5 sessions and the participants responded to the communication skills questionnaire (Attarha, 2007) in two stages, the baseline (A) and the experimental stage (B). SPSS and T test were used for data analysis, and t-test results illustrated the significant effect of self-advocacy training on communication skills and its subscales in adolescents with alopecia due to chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-advocacy training due to self-awareness, communication skills and leadership training can lead to the promotion of communication skills of adolescents with alopecia due to chemotherapy/ radiotherapy.

The purpose of the current research was Evaluation of effectiveness of Lindamood phonological sequence program on Executive function of students with Dyslexia. The method of research was experimental. In order to conduct this research Thirty students with reading disorders who referred to the Learning Disabilities Center of Larsson in the academic year 1399-1400 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Executive Functional Behavior Rating Questionnaire (BRIEF) was presented to the experimental group as a pre-test for both groups and the Linda mood phonological sequence program for 16 sessions of intensive intervention. Immediately after the training, both groups participated in the post-test and after one month in the follow-up training analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. Overall, the results of the present study show that the Lindamood phonological sequence program has improved executive function in students with dyslexia. The findings also showed that using of visualizing and verbalizing program in Lindamood phonological sequence program improves cognitive skills in executive function.

Since the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping schemes with stress, virtues in action and resilience with psychological distress during the corona epidemic. 200 students (137 women and 63 men) between the ages of 20-40 were randomly selected and responded online to questionnaires of the Coping Schemas with Stress (CSI-R), Virtues in Action (VIA), Connor and Davidson's Resilience (CD-RISC) and Kessler's psychological distress (K-10). Findings showed that the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between coping schemes with stress and psychological distress is significant. Relationships between coping schemas with stress with virtues in action were also significant. The relationship between virtues in action with psychological distress was not significant. The results of the study indicate that in periods of stress and crisis, such as the Corona epidemic, programs based on promoting resilience is preferred in reducing the level of psychological distress than Programs to change coping schemas with stress and programs to promote positive virtues.

Sexual distress is a destructive factor in marital relationships, so if the right interventions are used, this sexual problem can be prevented. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the indigenous package of enriching marital relations on sexual distress of working women in Shiraz, 2020-2021. The research method was clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design and 8 and 12 week follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women working in several government agencies in Shiraz in 2020. 120 women with sexual dysfunction were selected by purposive sampling method and were divided into experimental and control groups, which resulted in 79 final samples. 40 people were in the experimental group and 39 people were in the control group. All of these women applied to participate in training sessions to enrich couple relationships (4 sessions of 2 hours) which were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups. In this study, a sexual distress questionnaire (Dragatis, et al., 2008) was used to collect information. Analysis of statistical data was performed by SPSS22 software at both descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of sexual distress in the research stages and the native package of enrichment of marital relationships has improved the quality of sexual intercourse and reduced sexual distress in the experimental group compared to the control group (p> 0. 001). Therefore, the indigenous package of enriching marital relations has played a significant role in promoting women's sexual relations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Ilam Bakhtar University that are studying in (1399-1400). Their number is (750). The sample of this study is 256 based on G Power. Students were selected available sampling method. To collect the data, Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), (Wells & Cartwright-hatton, 2004), Anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI-R), (Taylor and Cox, 1998) and Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Spilberger, 1980) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between all components of metacognitive beliefs inclouding worry, concerns about uncontrollability and danger,cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts, cognitive self-awareness with test anxiety. Also, There is a significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety in students of Ilam Bakhtar University (r=0.57). Also, the average of regression is significant and the metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity together can predict 42% of test anxiety. Therefore, it can be conclude that metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity are important variables in students' test anxiety and the amount of test anxiety increases with increasing anxiety sensitivity and uncontrollability and danger.