Journal of Multidisciplinary Care
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Mar 2022

 The consequences of health development with the exercise approach affect the 4 dimensions of physical, mental, economic, and social health. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive model to determine the contributing factors, strategies, and outcomes of sport-based health development (SBHD).

 This qualitative study was conducted through the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through interviews with 24 experts and authorities in health, sports, and health development who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking and peer debriefing.

 Four hundred codes were drawn during open coding and were grouped into 127 subcategories during axial coding and nineteen main categories during selective coding. The nineteen categories were assigned to the five main dimensions of the paradigm model of grounded theory. The causal conditions of SBHD were personal, cultural, and social factors; its contextual conditions were attitudinal and attitudinal factors, media, planning, and legal factors; and its intervening conditions were environmental, infrastructural, interactional, and managerial factors. Its strategies were infrastructural development, attitudinal development, technical development, and support programs and its outcomes were improvement of physical health, financial development, social development, and improvement of mental health.

 Health and sport managers and authorities need to provide an appropriate context to facilitate engagement in sports among all individuals.

 Health literacy (HL) is a factor with significant impact on the quality of communication between healthcare providers and clients and the outcomes of healthcare services. The aim of the study was to evaluate healthcare providers’ HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were all eligible healthcare providers in all eleven urban healthcare centers in Shahrekord, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire were used for data collection and the SPSS software (v. 18.0) was used for data analysis.

 The mean scores of participants’ HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice were 39.62±14.23, 37.54±16.56, and 56.54±19.19, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean scores of HL-related attitude and practice (P=0.001).

 Healthcare providers may have poor HL-related knowledge and attitude and moderate HL-related practice. Therefore, in-service educational programs are recommended to improve their HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice.

 Nursing is a stressful profession that leads to job burnout in the long term. In addition to nurses and patients, organizations pay for consequences of job burnout, as well. Moral distress is also a source of potential harm to nurses. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of job burnout to organizational commitment and moral distress in nurses.

 This descriptive, correlational study was performed on 100 nurses in Shahid Rahimi Hospital of Khorramabad who were enrolled by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Kevin-Dick and Beverly Organizational Commitment Scale, and Corley’s Moral Distress Scale. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 using descriptive statistics, independent t test and ANOVA. Significance level (P) was considered to be<0.05.

 Around 84% of the participants were female and 92% worked on a rotating shift schedule. The mean±standard deviation (SD) scores of job burnout, organizational commitment and moral distress were 78.93±24.13, 47.00±12.28 and 38.84±12.74, respectively. Also there was a statistically significant, inverse correlation between job burnout and organizational commitment (P=0.003), while there was no statistically significant relationship between job burnout and moral distress (P=0.301).

 Identifying and eliminating the causes of job burnout can contribute to improving organizational commitment in nurses.

 Aging is increasing rapidly both in Iran and across the world. One of today’s challenges is the need for psychotherapy and improvement of mental health among the elderly. Therefore, a way should be sought out for improving happiness, especially among the elderly. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of music on the happiness of the elderly residing at the retirement homes in Kermanshah, west Iran in 2019.

 The population of this empirical study of pretest-posttest design including an intervention group and a control group, consisted of all elderly people residing at the retirement homes across Kermanshah in 2019. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to intervention group (n: 31) and control group (n: 31). To collect data, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was administered to both groups. Afterwards pieces of Kurdish folk and Arnd Stein’s relaxing music authorized by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance were played for the intervention group through three 45-50-minute sessions per week, and the control group continued their daily activities as before. After one month, the posttest was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed by paired t test and covariance analysis run in SPSS software.

 The results demonstrated that after a period of music therapy, there was a significant difference in happiness and its dimensions between the two groups. The mean±standard deviation score of happiness was 74.16±10.32 at pretest and 96.90±5.42 at posttest. Mean life satisfaction score was 19.35±4.62 at pretest and 27.48±2.41 at posttest. Mean self-esteem score was 17.77±2.87 at pretest and 23.16±1.81 at posttest. Mean Subjective well-being score was 12.94±1.57 at pretest and 15.35±1.40 at posttest. Mean satisfaction score was 10.94±2.11 at pretest and 13.16±1.59 at posttest, and mean positive mood score was 13.16±2.16 at pretest and 17.74±1.06 at posttest. The paired t test results showed that the mean score of elderlies residing in Kermanshah retirement homes improved after a music therapy program in terms of happiness dimensions including life satisfaction (P<0.001), self-esteem (P<0.001), subjective well-being (P<0.001), satisfaction (P<0.001), and positive mood (P<0.001).

 This study demonstrated that music improved happiness in the elderly at retirement homes. Thus, we can use music as a non-medicinal, inexpensive tool for enhancement of happiness along with other therapies at retirement homes and hospitals.

 Patients in intensive care unit (ICU) experience not only serious physical problems, but also emotional, psychological, financial, and social problems. Therefore, they need holistic care (HC). The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ beliefs about HC provision to patients in ICU.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2019–2020 using the content analysis approach. Participants were sixteen nurses purposively selected from four ICUs of two hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected using face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed through conventional content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used as a guideline to report the findings.

 A total of 304 primary codes were generated during data analysis which were grouped into twelve subcategories and two main categories. The two main categories of the study were purposeful nursing care and humanistic care provision beyond duty.

 Nurses attempt to provide HC and go beyond their assigned duties in HC provision.

The crisis of children’s illnesses and their hospitalization is often a main source of stress and anxiety for family members and threatens distress tolerance (DT) among parents, particularly mothers. Self-encouragement training (SET) is one of the strategies with potential positive effects on DT. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of SET on DT among the mothers of hospitalized children.

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019. Participants were sixty mothers whose children were hospitalized in Ghadir subspecialty pediatric hospital, Shiraz, Iran. They were conveniently selected and randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Participants in the intervention group received SET based on the Schoenaker method in ten one-hour sessions in five days, while their counterparts in the control group received no SET. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Distress Tolerance Scale and were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 22.0) and the independent-sample and the paired samples t tests.

 There was no significant difference between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean score of DT (39.17±8.39 vs. 41.55±10.28; P=0.33), while the posttest mean score of DT in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group (51.23±6.95 vs. 41.23±10.26; P<0.001).

 SET is effective in significantly improving DT among the mothers of hospitalized children. Nursing managers can use SET to improve DT among these mothers.

 Moral distress is a significant ethical problem in nursing. The aim of this study was to review the studies into nurses’ moral distress and its contributing factors.

 This was a narrative review. Data were collected through searching several online Persian and English databases, namely Magiran, SID, IranMedex, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Search keywords were “moral distress”, “moral stress”, “ethics”, and “nurse”. Eligibility criteria were publication in English or Persian, publication between 2010 and 2020, relevance to moral distress, and accessible full-text. Review studies were not included.

 A total of 44 eligible articles were included. Nurses’ moral distress was at moderate level and its contributing factors were personal, psychological, and organizational factors as well as factors related to care quality.

 Nurses’ moral distress is moderate. Personal, psychological, and organizational factors as well as factors related to care quality contribute to moral distress among nurses. Effective management of these factors can prevent damage to nurses and patients and improve the quality of nursing care.