Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Nov 2022

Viral infections are important etiologies of neonatal sepsis, especially in premature/immune-compromised babies, and are associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis of viral infections using newer diagnostic tests in neonates is a necessary prerequisite for reducing the global burdens of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

This study aimed to assess the patterns of viral infections in newborns over one year.

A total of 660 newborns were included in this hospital-based, cross-sectional, and observational study based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and after obtaining the required clearance from the institutional ethical committee. All newborns admitted in NICUs for suspected clinical sepsis were included except those with congenital malformation, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), pre-term for care, and negative consent.

This study investigated 660 subjects with suspected sepsis, out of which 560 had non-viral sepsis (group one) and 100 had viral sepsis (group two). A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mean hemoglobin level, mean platelet counts, and mean transaminases level. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV), rubella, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were found in 9.1%, 4.5%, and 3.8% of the subjects, respectively.

It was recommended that all neonatologists and pediatricians involved in neonatal care should suspect a viral agent as a possible cause of sepsis and utilize the diagnostic and treatment facilities with antiviral agents whenever and wherever possible.

Teaching congenital hypothyroidism is a challenging aspect of medical education.

In this study, the authors implemented storytelling plus simulation (Double-S method) to make a new way of understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland.

An educational intervention study was conducted on 120 medical students in the third and fourth grades of medicine with little or no clinical experience. Participants were randomly divided into the Double-S and lecture-only groups and underwent the same pre-test and post-test. They attended a 120-minute class by the same pediatric endocrinologist.

The intragroup analysis showed no significant difference between the pre-test scores of the two groups (P-value = 0.843), but higher post-test scores were obtained in the Double-S method (7.6 vs. 5.3, respectively, P-value = 0.002).

This study showed that teaching heavy physiological and pathophysiological content by unique incorporation of simulation and storytelling can improve learning basic and clinical courses in medical students. As our method had a novelty toward common simulation and storytelling methods, it helped medical students from the base to the bedside.

 Children with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often experience emotional and behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression. Social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic caused social restrictions and limited access to healthcare facilities, which may have worsened the metabolic control.

 This study aimed to analyze the behavioral problems among type 1 diabetes mellitus children with good and poor metabolic control during COVID-19 pandemic.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted in January - August 2021 in the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Type-1-DM children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on metabolic control, including good (HbA1C ≤ 8) and poor (HbA1C > 8). The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) was used as a screening tool with the domain internalizing problems (IP), externalizing problems (EP), and attention problems (AP). The data were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman test with Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 18.0.

 In this study, 27 subjects (17 boys and 10 girls, aged 12.63 ± 3.39 years) were investigated. Of all subjects, only 8 subjects had good metabolic control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, 33.3% of the participants had behavioral problems (14.8% IP; 18.5% EP). The frequencies of IP, EP, and AP in the good metabolic control group were 12.5%, 37.5%, and 0%, respectively; while those in the poor metabolic group were 15.8%, 10.5%, and 0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the good and poor metabolic control groups in terms of behavior problems (P = 1.00, IP; P = 0.14, EP).

 No significant difference was found between good and poor metabolic control groups (P = 1.00, IP; P = 0.14, EP). However, the frequency of EP was higher in good metabolic control, and the frequency of IP was higher in poor metabolic control.

Childhood voiding and defecation dysfunction are common problems in children of all ages worldwide. The prevalence of bowel and bladder dysfunction in children is reported to be approximately 47%.

Due to the different ethnic and socio-cultural characteristics, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of voiding and defecation dysfunction in primary school children. In this study, we examined the urinary and defecation problems of patients and their relationship with each other.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 children aged 7 to 13 years in Zahedan in 2016. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS 16 version. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics of the chi-square test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

In this study, 400 students with a mean age of 9.96 ± 2.07 were studied, of whom 188 (47.1%) were girls and 212 (52.9%) were boys. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 56.9%, 63.7% of whom were girls, and 36.3% were boys. The difference in the prevalence of urinary incontinence between girls and boys was large and statistically significant (P = 0.04). The prevalence of fecal incontinence was 61.7% among girls and 62.4% among boys (the total prevalence was 62.4% [239 cases]), but the difference in prevalence between girls and boys was small and statistically insignificant (P = 0.83).

The prevalence of defecation dysfunction in school-age children was much higher than in previous studies. This may be due to differences in cultural and geographical environments. Due to the high prevalence of defecation dysfunction in children, it is recommended to have more focus on public education on various types of urinary and fecal dysfunction in urban and rural communities.

 We measure the umbilical cord thickness of newborn just after delivery with digital Vernier caliper and correlate the association with antenatal maternal risk factors. This helps the pediatricians to predict which newborn need close monitoring.

 The aim of indexed study to evaluate the umbilical cord thickness, maternal antenatal risk factors and determines the association between umbilical cord thickness and antenatal maternal risk factors.

 This is a cross sectional prospective study conducted between 2020 and 2021 at Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, J L N Medical College, Ajmer, India. Total 303 newborn subjected for this study. Out of these 189 newborn enrolled as control group for this study. Enrolment of sample was simple as our convenience during the study period.

 Mean umbilical cord diameter was found smaller in newborns which associated with antenatal risk factors as compared to controls without antenatal risk factors (cases: 9.89 ± 2.53 mm; controls: 10.56 ± 2.26 mm) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Oligohydramnios and meconium-stained liquor were found to be associated with the smaller umbilical cord diameter (P < 0.01).

 Oligohydramnios and meconium-stained liquor were found to be significantly associated with the thin umbilical cord.

 Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare non-hereditary syndrome. The key diagnosis is unique facial features, limb anomalies, and growth retardation. Cardiac defects with gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies may be associated.

 This is a case of neonatal CdLS that we think is interesting due to its association with a novel congenital heart complex.

 Patients with CdLS have a high incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD), so a cardiologic study of all of these patients is suggested.

 Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant extracranial solid tumors in children, mainly detected in children between the ages of 22 months to five years. It can develop in any location of the sympathetic nervous system. Although it has a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms, it is hard to find cases with major respiratory manifestations.

 Our case report presents a 50-day-old male admitted to a local hospital with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Then, he was intubated and transferred to our pediatric center for further evaluation. Our investigation found a mass in the mediastinum with lung involvement. This patient is a rare case of neuroblastoma that occurred earlier in the age of onset with uncommon respiratory manifestation, unresponsive to outpatient treatment.

 We presented a neuroblastoma case with persistent respiratory manifestations that repeatedly received outpatient treatment for respiratory diseases, but his condition did not improve. Physicians should always suspect this condition in addition to other differential diagnoses, especially in patients unresponsive to outpatient treatment, with abnormal chest X-rays and respiratory symptoms.