فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 86 (پاییز 1401)

Considering the failure of the objective approach in measuring youth well-being and the discourse turn of social policy towards subjective well-being, the present article, after conceptualizing subjective well-being, evaluates its situation among Iranian youth.

The present article is a quantitative secondary analysis of the data of the "National Survey of the Social, Cultural and Moral Status of Iranian Society" (2016) among young people aged 18 to 29 living throughout the country.

Firstly, the subjective welfare of young people in many components is unfavorable. Second, the subjective welfare of young people is more unfavorable than other age groups; compared to others (30-49 years, 50 years and older), Iranian youth value higher preference, such as wealth, position, and fame; they have less belief in the existence of judicial and professional justice; they also have a more negative assessment of the welfare of society; they Evaluate the life situation in the past as more negative and the future situation as more positive; they feel less freedom, happiness, security, and national belonging; they have less belief in the prevalence of legalism and the realization of citizenship in society; finallu, they agree with a fundamental change in the current state of society.

The findings indicate that although the low level of subjective welfare among young people is a pervasive pattern with other age groups, but its lower level compared to others indicates an unfavorable state of subjective welfare in this group.

In recent years, we have seen differences between women’s values ​​and their actions. Some women have actions according to their values ​​and others express actions completely different from their values. Women’s values ​​are influenced by various factors that are mentioned in this article, and Robert Merton’s theory of pressure has been used to identify women’s actions and in general, and women’s actions in three districts of Tehran were compared.

This research is quantitative, it and has been done with a survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes women living in three areas of Tehran in the north, center and south of the city. The statistical sample includes 390 people out of which 130 people were selected by random sampling.

Factors of fear and anxiety, gender discrimination, social rejection, attachment to the family and the weakness of religious beliefs and the decline of moral values ​​affect the actions of women. Besides, these factors have led to the formation of four types of women’s actions: concordant actions, innovative actions, formative actions, and anomic actions. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between value variables and types of women’s actions.

The results of the test of research hypotheses show that in some cases there are similarities and differences between the values and actions of women in the three districts of Tehran. In fact, the actions of women under the influence of their values can manifest as one of these four forms. In the affluent region of Tehran, most of the actions were morphological and anomic, while in the central region of Tehran, the actions were innovative and formative in nature, and in the southern region of Tehran, the actions were consonantal and innovative in nature. Some differences were found in the four actions in all areas, and this reflects a change in women’s values.

Considering the importance of driving and the resulting injuries, we can point to the relationship between human characteristics and driving behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a structural model of driving behaviors on the basis of aggression mediated by emotion regulation.  

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes 917 drivers from Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan provinces who were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Manchester (1990) driving behavior questionnaire, aggression 30 factors (1379) and   Grass and John’s (1998) emotion regulation.

The results of the analysis structural equation showed that the measurement models of the studied variables and the final model of the research had a good fit. Aggression also had a direct effect on driving behavior of drivers. The emotion regulation variable was able to mediate between aggression and driving behavior.

the structure of emotion regulation can be used to explain the relationship between aggression and driving behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve the driving situation and reduce the number of accidents, the criteria and rules for obtaining a driver’s license should be reviewed in accordance with the topics of aggression and emotional behaviors. Accordingly, ounseling and training programs should be developed and introduced to Drivers.

Risky behaviors and the tendency towards them among adolescents is one of the important menaces to the health of any society. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating  hostility  and  its  relationship with  the  tendency  to  risky  behaviors  among  the students of Malekan city in 2020.

The present research is a correlational study. The statistical population includes all male and female first and second grade high school students in Malekan city, which includes a total of 9,500 students. The sample size was 640 students who were selected from among the first and second grade high school students in Malekan city as a quota. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression.

The results showed that there is a statistically significant and inverse relationship between  grandchild /grandparent  relationship  and  tendency  towards  high-risk  behaviors  among students.  Besides, there  is  a  statistically  significant  and  inverse  relationship  between  socio-economic status and the tendency towards high-risk behaviors among students. however, at the middle and high socio-economic level there is no statistically significant relationship between grandchild / grandparent relationship and tendency towards high-risk behaviors.

Given the significant tendency of adolescents towards high-risk behavior and its positive relationship with the socio-economic level of the society it is necessary for the government to monitor and pay attention to the improvement of the socio-economic level of teenagers’ families, as well as the state of unfriendliness and family cohesion.

This is a sociological study of the economic burden on patients writh cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on the behavior change approach in their behavior in Javad Al-Aeme hospital of Mashhad in 2020.

This is a cross-sectional survey conducted on a population of 385 CVD patients of over 50 years of age admitted to the Training, Research and Treatment Center of Javad Al-Aeme hospital of Mashhad. Data were collected through a demographic profile form and a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were measured using the content validity method and the Cronbach’s alpha method, respectively. SPSS and AMOS softwares and appropriate statistical tests were used for the data analysis purpose.

The results of regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship of the independent variables of the study, i.e. “socio-economic status”, “living conditions”, and “health-related capital” with patients’ behavioral style and economic status. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the collected data confirm at an acceptable level the structural model with its extraneous variables, i.e. “socio-economic status”, “living conditions” and “health-related capital”. The total effects of these three variables on behavioral style were calculated to be 0.41. In other words, 41% of the behavioral style changes among cardiovascular patients can be explained by these three variables and 59% of the unexplained variance related to exogenous variables. It was also found that the effect of the behavior change approach on economic burden was -0.49%.

Since the behavioral style change, socio-economic status, health-related capital, and living conditions significantly affect the CVD, effective steps can be taken to prevent and control this disease and reduce its costs and economic burden by modifying and changing the patients’ behavioral style.

Drawing on the overlap between concepts of wellbeing and motivation, based on motivonia, human motivation is derived by the wellbeing experienced in the past, present, and well-willing (desired future wellbeing). Due to the long-term procedure of learning a foreign language and the necessity of intended effort and maintaining motivated behaviour, this study investigated the effect of wellbeing and well-willing as two main motivonic factors on English language learners’ intended effort, and probed the impact of English learning wellbeing on learners’ general wellbeing.

The data were collected during the autumn in 2019, through a self-developed quatitative questionnaire entailing 38 Likert-type scales and some demographic items from 193 students of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr and six secondary schools in Baharestan county, who were attending private language courses as well. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests via SPSS version 26.

The results revealed that the learners’ L2 engaging wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .65, p < .01) and well-willing (adjusted R2 = .34, p < .01) had positive significant effects on their willingness to devote future efforts to learn English. Moreover, the learners’ English learning wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .28, p < .01), but not well-willing, indicated significant effect on their global wellbeing.

The results, in line with motivonia, indicated that policy-makers of wellbeing and education, should consider the ultimate end of any motivational engagement in the direction of promoting wellbeing, and take necessary steps to form and improve well-willing and wellbeing-oriated education in order to enhance motivated behaviour among learners of English.

One of the most significant chalanges during retirement period is the isuue of quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural, economical, and social capital on the quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud, a county in Kermanshah Province in 2020.

The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. 170 teachers were randomly selected as the sample of the study. Questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. The instruments used were a researcher-made questionnaire on cultural, economic, and social capital as well as the standard quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis’ comparative tests as well as multivariate regression were used to analyze the data.

The results of the study indicated that the mean of social factor and quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud was obove the average (3.43). The mean of social variable of retired children (3.50) was more than economic (2.50) and cultural (1.40) one. Cultural varaiable was more among women than men while social and economic of men were more that that of women. The results also demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the quality of life and the variables of age and education. Finally, the regression analysis indicated that the cultural, economical, and social capital as well as the quality of life had a significant correlation with each other, and these three variables had 0.56 of prediction for quality of life and its elements.

Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural, economic and social capital are the most important capital for explaning the quality of life of the retired teachers, which should be taken into account by those in charge in this regard.

Citizenship rights refers to a set of rules governing society in relation to politics, institutions, governments, and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the awareness of citizenship rights using meta-analysis.

The mechanism of conducting the research is meta-analysis-quantitative. The purpose of this method is to integrate, systematically review and standardize studies conducted in a specific field of research. The statistical population (materials) of this research comprises 32 research studies conducted in the years 1383-1400, of which 28 samples of research documents were found to be in accordance with the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, validity of research, and survey).

The results show that between political factors (political participation, political orientation, political awareness, and political trust), cultural (social awareness of rights, citizenship rights education, media consumption, and cultural capital), social (social trust, social participation, and social cohesion) and contextual variables (level of education, age, and socio-economic status) were found to have a significant relationship with the level of awareness of citizenship rights.

Increasing the level of people’s participation in the political and social spheres provides the basis for expanding the political awareness of citizens. Strengthening citizens’ political trust in the political system would lead to the development of citizenship rights. Education of citizenship rights provides the basis for increasing political-social awareness.

Poverty is an undesirable socio-economic phenomenon that endangers the political stability, social solidarity, and mental health of the different sections of society. The literature on poverty in recent years has not been limited to income poverty, but also to other aspects such as health, education, and living standards. By identifying patterns of poverty, instead of prejudging the suitable economic and social policies to combat poverty, we can explain the appropriate and effective policy on poverty at the community level in accordance with the nature of these patterns.

In the present study, with a multidimensional approach to poverty (including educational poverty, housing poverty, food poverty, health, and income poverty), the vulnerability of government-supported households in Iran were investigated. For this purpose, the expenditure information of government-supported households in 2017 was the basis of the study.

The results showed that nearly 47% of the households surveyed are below the food poverty line. In terms of depth and quality of dominance of different dimensions of poverty among the studied households, housing poverty has the largest poverty gap, followed by education poverty with a poverty gap of nearly 40%. In summary, the poverty gap in income and health dimensions in this study is very low compared to the mentioned dimensions. In general, it was found that government-sponsored households, in addition to income poverty, also suffer from poor health, housing, education, and food poverty.

Based on the findings, it is suggested that policy makers adopt and formulate policy-support tools in which the various dimensions of poverty are considered in the form of a comprehensive system.

Health is one of the main indicators of development in any country, and investing in this sector has a direct impact on the welfare of society and economic growth. The lack and insufficiency in providing health services is considered as a sign of government weakness. Therefore, it is very important to examine the performance of governments in the health sector.

The present research has investigated the effect of governance sub-indicators on health costs for two groups of low-income and high-income countries. To conduct this research, a balanced mixed data model was used. The total health cost was used as a dependent variable and the governance sub-indicators including six sub-indicators were used as independent variables and the human development index was used as a control variable. We used Eviews10 software to perform calculations.

The findings of the research in the group of low-income countries confirmed the effect of the following governance indicators on health costs. In addition, all the coefficients of the variables in the high-income group were significant at the 90% confidence level, which means that the better the governance index, the higher the health costs appear to be. The model used in the research also had a suitable fitness.  

Arguing based on the results of the research, it is recommended to the governance system of low-income countries that have weak governance to reduce political instability and reduce restrictive laws. In addition, removing trade barriers and creating a competitive environment in these countries is a key and inevitable issue.