فصلنامه علوم و فناوری نساجی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

The introduction of new plant or animal natural dyes with easy access, suitable color strength, low cost and color fastness is one of the important subjects of research in the field of dyeing. Environmental compatibility, beautiful and attractive color shades beside economic issues have caused the importance of using natural dyes, despite the production of various chemical dyes. In this research, the fruit and leaves of Ficus Johannis Boiss plant with different concentrations was applied as a new environment friendly plant dye for silk fiber dyeing in the presence of four different types of metal mordant. The color characteristics and reflective spectra of the dyed samples were investigated and their color strength was calculated. In addition, the variety of color shades of the fibers dyed with the fruit and leaves of this plant in the presence of different mordents, as well as their light and washing fastness were evaluated. The results showed that by increasing the concentration of the dye, the color strength and absorption of the sample increases and the brightness decreases. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations on the dyed samples proved that the fruit of this plant is able to create a pale red tint on the silk in the presence of aluminum sulfate and Zinc sulfate mordents, while with the other tested mordents, the color turned towards green. The leaves of this plant created a brilliant golden hue on the silk. The product dyed with both types of dyes showed satisfactory light and washing fastness.

Nanotechnology improves the mechanical properties of polymer and metal compounds in the form of nanocomposites. The presence of nanometer-sized secondary phases in polymer coatings can increase the physical and mechanical properties more than conventional reinforcements. The nanosilica particles are used as an efficient filler in polymer matrix. In this research, polypropylene/ nanosilica nanocomposite fibers were prepared to investigate their properties. For this purpose, after surface modification of nano-silica and adding polypropylene maleic as a compatibilizer to the polypropylene matrix of obtained nanocomposite fibers, they were meltspinined with different percentages of nanosilica. Investigation of rheological and viscoelastic properties showed that due to the increase of nanoparticles up to 0.5%, it had no significant effect on rheological behavior and melt spinning process. The results of TGA test showed that the onset temperature of degradation decreased with increasing percentage of nanosilica. SEM and EDAX images showed that the particle distribution in nanocomposites containing lower amounts of nanosilica was uniform and almost free of particle aggregation, but with an increase of nanosilica by 1.5%, there was particle aggregation at different points. The main objective of this research is study of Rheological properties of nanocomposite along side of morphological behaviours.

In this research work, the ability to use nanofibrous membrane as an absorbent filter was investigated. For this purpose, electrospinning of polyamide 6 (PA6) in formic acid was performed at different concentrations and the effect of polymer concentration, voltage and needle-to-tip distance on the morphology of the fibers was evaluated using the statistical method of response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the optimal sample was selected with the minimum average fiber diameter (111 nm) at a concentration of 10% PA6, a voltage of 20 KV and a distance of 20 cm. Then, the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) incorporation into the fibers (at different percentages of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5%wt) was studied. The porosity test showed an increase in the porosity of the samples with the addition of CNT. The results of the tensile test revealed that the maximum tensile strength and elongation up to the breaking point were obtained for the fibers containing 0.1% CNT. FTIR spectra depicted the characteristic peaks of amides and amine groups in PA6. Thermal analysis (TGA) showed that thermal stability increased with the addition of CNT. Finally, in the spectrophotometric test, the absorption of dye by the nanofibrous membrane was observed by prolonging time.

The formation and development process of the product regularly includes numerous activities that various industries use to deliver new products to the market in a complex process. Change in the customer's preferences, increased competition, technological development, or using an unexplored opportunity guides businesses and various industries to participate in this process. Considering its thousand-year antiquity and creating hundreds of job opportunities and earning a living for a significant portion of the population, Iran's hand-made carpet industry needs to use scientific processes such as the formation and development process of the product. In this study, steps were taken to introduce the formation and development process of the product by using the mixed analysis methodology. First, steps were taken by conducting in-depth studies on the formation and development models of the product and services and using the qualitative method to select the designated indicators. Then, the model was provided in the quantitative section, and examination tests were conducted using structural equations. According to the analysis results, the provided model includes seven phases: strategic macro management, ideation and selection, marketing and market research, design, production, supply chain, and process agility.

Industrial estates are concentrated in a geographical area that facilitates the production process due to the nature of their formation and creation. In Kerman province, which is one of the centers of weaving and production of handmade carpets, the establishment or development of weaving workshops in industrial estates has been a challenge. The process of producing handmade carpets is done in different ways at home and in the workshops (Centralized production workshops). Handmade carpets are one of the most important strategic goods in terms of job creation and non-oil exports. Handmade carpets are produced in the home or central workshops. In different cities, some central workshops are located in industrial towns. Each method of production has its own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to explain the SWOT matrix for establishing hand woven-carpet manufacturing workshops in Kerman industrial towns. The statistical population included all the carpet experts and producers in Kerman. The statistical sample was 35 handwoven carpet experts who were tested using a bullet-proof method. The research data were collected through library studies, and questionnaires and data were analyzed using SPSS software and SWOT matrix. The results showed that the most important strengths of carpet workshops in Kerman industrial towns were: high added value compared to domestic production, high relative advantage for production costs, high quality of carpets, coherence of the production process at the workshops, and also the ability to fill vacant capacity through outsourcing. The most important weaknesses were: the high cost of transportation and maintenance of raw materials, human resource inflation, supply problems of raw materials, beetle damage for carpets, and high primary investment to start the work. The most important opportunities were: the use of raw material sources of the province (Sirjan wool), the abundant and relatively cheap labor, lowering the total price, and the most important threats are the volatility of the market for the purchase of raw materials, the weakness of distribution and transportation networks, the lack of standards and supervision, the lack of accurate statistics and information of carpet production conditions. The results showed Kerman has a general view of the infrastructure of the establishment of carpet workshops in industrial towns. However, there are still many threats that can be overcome if macro-management operates.

This article studies the factors that had the greatest impact on the coverage of Iranian women during the 14th century AH and prioritized those factors with the MADM decision-making technique. This research has been done by collecting documents and using old photos and videos and subtilizing clothes in them in a descriptive-analytical way. At first, the research was conducted and the important and influential factors on the people's clothing especially women in this period were identified. After that, a questionnaire was prepared concerning these cases. This questionnaire was provided to experts in the field of cloth designing. Then, the collected information was analyzed by the MADM decision technique using the Topsis Fuzzy method to prioritize these cases. It was found that event of the Islamic Revolution had the greatest impact on Iranian women's clothing at the end of the 14th century AH. The clothes were designed and used with a combination of Iranian culture, history, and fashion in the world.