نشریه مطالعات مدیریت دولتی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، بهار 1401)

In 2022, the management society of Iran lost one of its unique scientists. The scientific image of this valuable professor among the faculty members, students and the society of management science and knowledge on the one hand and his practical appearance in the process of statemanship (governance, management, and daily operations of organizations) made him a huge capital for the knowledge and practice of management in Iran. The author has thoughtfully engraved in the scientific and practical life of this devout professor. Finally, He coined the theory of “faithful academic life for raising the science and practice of management in Iran” as the dominant theory of Dr. Adel Azar's academic life. In this academic life, the seven main currents of Dr. Adel Azar's scientific and practical life have been drawn over the seven infrastructures of his personality.

Conflicts of interest have been at the heart of many recent economic crimes. The first step in the management of conflict of interest is to provide a clear and exact definition of the term. This study attempts to coalesce various definitions of the term utilizing scoping review methodology.  The data collection tool was a reference to studies conducted based on the conflict of interest in the field of public administration. For data analysis, the qualitative indicators were identified in order to examine the conducted studies. The study identifies four main types of conflict of interest for public sector agents: financial interest of a public sector agent, non-financial interest of a public sector agent, financial interest of relatives, and non-financial interest of relatives. As long as the financial interest of the government agent is the focal point, the analysis of other types of conflict of interest in legislation system, reforms, and structural observation is overlooked. If legislative system and structural reforms limit themselves to the financial interest of the government agent, more than half of the conflict of interest cases of the government agent will be neglected. The management of conflict of interest will be on a right track once a comprehensive definition of the term is presented, a feature which forms the main concern of this paper.

There is an emphasis on the evaluation of government’s performance in health sector according to local and international criteria, based on accurate scientific evidence, and in the light of the modern model of governance. Such evaluation is carried out according to a variety of parameters and rational criteria, including responsiveness and transparency, throughout different time periods. Unfortunately, the current ranking of Iran's health in the international arena reflects the relative inefficiency of the government’s performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the application of the Government’s Performance Evaluation Model in the health system. The present qualitative study adopted the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin and employed the grounded theory strategy. To collect the data, unstructured interviews were carried out with 16 academic-professional organizations experts including custodians and experts in performance evaluation of government. 177 Concepts, 27 sub-codes and 6 main dimensions were identified, including Causal factors, mediators, core phenomenon, contextual factors, strategies, and consequences. The consequences of performance were identified, highlighting four categories, “integrated monitoring system of action and implementation”, “service quality improvement”, “structure and human resource downsizing”, and “fulfillment of national, regional, and international interests”. The proposed model, built upon a preventive policy-making approach, is designed to plan sustainable development with the aim of reducing trial-and-error-based decisions, optimizing the use of resources, and developing flexibility in implementation of the agents to improve a healthy lifestyle. The findings of this research will lead to an increase in the commitment and efficiency of employees, promote the effectiveness of the organization, and raise life quality, public welfare and increase in the age of life expectancy.

In this article, in order to design the dimensions and characteristics of the Islamic University, a contextual approach is employed, and culture issue in the university has been discussed. This is because one of the presuppositions of the theories of transformation is that cultural background affects structural and behavioral dimensions in a system change. Therefore, designing a managerial model that can guide the evolution of the strategic issue of culture in universities to achieve the full characteristics of an Islamic university is the main goal of this research. For this purpose, based on the opinions of Ayatollah Khamenei and using the qualitative method of thematic analysis, the characteristics of culture in the university have been explained. The findings of the research show that the culture of Westernization, the culture of petrification as inhibiting factor, and the Islamic-Iranian ideal culture as a driving factor are the main dimensions of transformation management in the university. They can be taken into consideration as a model for changing the culture in the university.

This research seeks to design the organizational polyphony model in higher education of Iran in order to provide a comprehensive model of the variables affecting the phenomenon of the polyphony and its consequences, so that pave the way for the development of the lofty goals of the higher education system. The research method is qualitative and the axial phenomenon is modeled using the grounded-theory approach. For this purpose, 20 experts in the field of polyphony and experts in cultural, political and social fields were interviewed. They were university faculty members and had executive positions in the higher education system. A set of concepts were extracted, categorized and presented using the Corbin and Strauss paradigm model during three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The diversity of voices was considered as a central phenomenon, and the categories of diversity of organizational structure, diversity of missions, diversity of personality traits and leadership style were considered as causal conditions. Strengthening the skill of discourse creation, mediation, translation of discourse, positive power, strengthening of cooperative complementary structures and re-engineering of procedures were recognized as strategies. Also, national culture, organizational culture, competitive environment inside and outside the system, economic conditions and transnational approach are considered as background factors. Planning limitations, managerial, legislative, and political obstacles, human and financial resources and structural factors were introduced as intervening factors. The consequences were also divided into four categories: individual, organizational, national and transnational. In this research, based on the opinion of experts, the effective components and management strategies of the diversity of voices in the higher education system have been analyzed and presented in the form of a comprehensive model. Finally, based on the findings of the research, suggestions were made for managers, institutions and future researches.

Today, the success of any country is defined by the level of prosperity and progress of its citizens. The requirement for this progress is the economic growth of the country, and one of the main important factors related to economic growth is the ability of a country's industry to operate internationally and to be present in foreign markets. For the sake of success of industries of a country and its companies in international arenas with an export-oriented approach, it is necessary that the products and services of these industries have a competitive advantage compared to their international competitors. Gaining competitive advantages in international markets, in addition to being dependent on the micro-environment and within the industry of a company, is also affected by the macro and distant environment of companies, and in the meantime, the government plays a significant role in shaping and influencing this environment. The influence of the government on the economic environment has been accepted in all economic schools, regardless of the amount and manner of influence, but in Iran, due to the maximum presence of the government in many economic levels, this influence is more important. This article seeks to find and discover the role of the government in gaining the competitive advantage of industries in the international arena. This research is applied in terms of purpose. The strategy of this research is qualitative, and among the categories of qualitative strategy, it has targeted the qualitative content analysis method. Data analysis led to the formation of 43 indicators, 14 components and 3 dimensions. The results show that governments should play their role in 3 dimensions; Facilitating role, regulatory role, and promotional role.

Although today the claim that “we live in the age of rights” is viewed with skepticism and the need to maintain “public order” and prevent acts contrary to it is elevated, there is still a risk of relying on the doctrine of “exceptionalism” to justify “power” Instead of “authority” on the one hand, and its inefficiency in the field of action, especially in the midst of human crises, including the “corona pandemic” and, consequently, the requirements of “crisis management” resulting from it, on the other hand, the importance of justifying the principle is considerable. This research employed a legal-managerial interdisciplinary approach and a library-study method. As well, the qualitative method of descriptive-normative was used. Accordingly, the main question in this article is what role did the doctrine of exceptionalism in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran play in regulating and overcoming the superhuman crises, and in particular the Corona pandemic? The results of the article show that the supremacy of the doctrine of exceptionalism over the rule of law in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, contrary to the comparative approach, not only has no effect on managing or reducing the harmful consequences of such crises, but also aggravates competencies. Hence, it is necessary to recognize and revise this issue.