فصلنامه راهبرد فرهنگ
پیاپی 58 (تابستان 1401)

The logic of conceptualization in the social sciences is one of the epistemological and methodological controversies of the social sciences. One of the main disputes over the relationship between knowledge and value is whether it is necessary and possible for the social scientist to avoid the introduction of cultural values in the construction of concepts or are values an integral and logical element of conceptualization? In this case, how can conceptualization imbued with the values of the researcher not hinder objectivity? In answer to this question, Durkheim's positivist and naturalistic approach argues that the concepts of the social sciences are value-laden and that the involvement of researcher values in conceptualization is detrimental to objectivity. Based on Weber's post-positivist approach, which is based on the epistemology of Kant's idealism, neo-Kantians, and Nietzschean's perspectivism , the present study argues that the concepts of the social sciences are value-laden, and that value-laden of social concepts is not only an obstacle to objectivity, it is also a subjective condition of objectivity. Based on Weber's separation of Value Relation from Value Judgment, the author shows to what extent the interference of social researcher values in conceptualization is permissible and to what extent it is impermissible and detrimental to the neutrality of science and objectivity.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to TRIZ as an innovative knowledge and its tools. However, researchers in various fields have paid more attention to 40 Innovative Principles for use in their field of work. This research, in addition to criticizing the common method of using 40 Principles tool in social sciences that leads to an unscientific and incorrect perception of this tool, proposes a more effective way for correct use of this tool in cultural policy making field. In this research, in which data was gathered through library research and semi-structured Interviews, the primary model was designed by deductive thematic analysis method, and then Delphi method and focus group was used in order to modify and improve suggested model. According to research findings, for more effective use of 40 Principle tool in cultural policy making field, among two ways of using this tool, suggests the friendship with principles way. According to this, after numerous revisions, this research suggests 36 guidelines following 34 principles of this tool for cultural problem solving. This research recommends that instead of the common approach, researchers use these innovative solutions as a set of guidelines for motivating creativity in cultural problem definition and solving.

social networks have become a part of the everyday life of Iranians. at the same time, there are discussions about the role of social networks in religiosity and the user behavior toward religion in society, and the question is whether Internet social networks make their users secular or not? so far, no study have focused on this phenomena independently, however it is been mentioned within other researches without providing any reasons against or behalf of that. This article tries to provide at least seven new arguments for the impact of Internet social networks on users, including secular content, hidden content management, no place and communication with countless individuals, timelessness and engagement , fast and continuously diffusion of information, individual privacy and finally interactivity and importance of likes. It is also noted in this paper potential reasons for the possibility of resisting the secularization such as "the greater impact of the real world, the usage type and time spend in social networks, the freedom of speech and behavior of users in these networks and the possibility of the formation of religious community in the Internet". the polarization theory has also been applied to research findings and all discussed arguments summarized under substantial changes of social networks.

Boundary is a psychological demarcation that protects the integrity of an individual or group or that helps the person or group set realistic limits on participation in a relationship or activity. Clear boundaries are essential for human physical and mental health. The concept of the boundary is largely influenced by the cultural context and can be associated with different meanings for different people. Therefore, it is expected that people have a different understanding of it in any cultural context. The present article begins with this question: how are the semantic structure and the concept of the boundary for Iranians? In firs phase, 289 participants responded to the research questionnaire online. They were asked to provide at least 10 words related to the concept of "boundaries in interpersonal relationships" based on producing the associative terms task. After extraction of 10 most-frequent words, 195 participants were asked to evaluate the pair relationship between these words with using judged-similarity task. Correspondence analysis results showed that these words can be explained by considering the two dimensions: "significance of relationship" and "ease of self-expression". Thus, four situations in relationships can be assumed based on the changes of the two dimensions. It seems that in Iranian culture, the boundary and privacy is a right which in relationship only the person who has higher status can have it.

Today, higher education, as the main driver of science and technology, plays an important role in advancing the goals of countries for comprehensive and sustainable growth and development. Challenges of higher education include "quality assurance" and "university ranking" in higher education, which are specified in the upstream policy documents, but their differences are not mentioned. Therefore, the study of the dimensions of each of these two approaches to assess the quality of higher education is necessary to provide the requirements for their implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the question of what are the differences between these two evaluation approaches in the available sources. Thus, the statistical population of the current study considered all the texts related to the dimensions and characteristics of quality assurance and academic ranking in higher education and sampling was done purposefully to answer the research question. Then, by adopting a qualitative approach and using the documentary research method, the sources were examined until the theoretical saturation was reached. Findings indicated that in "quality assurance", the main function is quality improvement and increasing accountability, the method of evaluation is criterion-based and formative, and its audience is often the academic community. But in "university ranking" the main function is governing the higher education sector, the method of evaluation is comparative and summative, and its audience is the general public and the academic community. Finally, due to the differences between the two approaches, suggestions were made for their prioritization and implementation.

In today's world, a growing trend is observed in the priority of material property and economic goods at the individual level in all modern societies. In such a way that individuals define themselves and others on the basis of property and assets, which acts as a basic symbol of personal qualities, affections, and interests. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the material preferences of Yazdi families and their related factors. The research method is descriptive –correlational. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population included male heads of households in Yazd and the sample selection process was cluster sampling with 384 samples. Research data showed that the mean of material preferences are too average. The highest priority is given in buying land and property, saving money, emphasizing on materiality, material success. There was a meaningful relationship between variables such as age, education, financial security, social status, social acceptance, alienation with dependent variable of material preferences. In sum, the results of regression analysis show that the pre-material priorities of Yazdi citizens was meaningful based on alienation with beta of 0.63, social status with beta of 0.24 and education with beta of 0.08 and age with beta of 11.0.

The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of spiritual intelligence and resiliency on the happiness rate of Shahed and Eisargher families in Tabriz by survey method in 1395.the statistical population of this study consists of Shahed and Eisargher families covered by the Shahid and Eisarghari Foundation of Tabriz City With 14777 people. of these, 438 persons were selected by stratified sampling and randomly selected from the Shahed and Eisargher families. The data were collected by questionnaires. also, for analyzing the data used to software of SPSS version 22 and LISREL 8/8.The results showed that the average happiness of the Shahed and Eisargher families in Tabriz city is 67.12% and is relatively good. the study of structural model also indicates that variables such as resilience, spiritual intelligence, age and gender can significantly explain 41% of the changes in happiness of Shahed and Eisargher families. Families who are more resilience and have higher spiritual intelligence are usually happier than other families. in sum, the structural model of research is a suitable model for explaining the happiness changes Shahed and Eisargher families.