نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 4 (امرداد و شهریور 1401)

Employees are among the least active groups in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comprehensive interventions to provide appropriate conditions in the workplace in order to increase physical activity or exercise by using the transtheoretical model of change (TTM).

The present study was a workplace-based semi-experimental intervention conducted in 2013 with the participation of 90 employees of the Vice-Chancellor of Health in Markazi Province, Iran. In group discussion sessions with employees, the factors affecting sedentary lifestyle and strategies to increase it were extracted. After prioritization, the interventions to change the staff's physical activity were performed within eight weeks. Before and after the interventions, the number of steps taken with the help of a pedometer and the rate of behavior change was measured by a questionnaire of structures of the trans-theoretical model. Finally, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and with the help of paired t-test, chi-square, and analysis of variance.

The mean (SD) age of participants was 47.4 (12.9)years. The average number of steps before the intervention was 6964, which increased to 9369 after the intervention (P<0.001). Before the intervention, 12.5% of participants had at least 10,000 steps per day, which reached 39.9% after the intervention (P<0.001). Before the intervention, only 20.5% of participants had regular physical activity during the action and maintenance phase, which increased to 51.3% after the intervention (P<0.001).

The results of this study showed that workplace adaptation interventions, in order to change the physical activity of the staff, by TTM changed model and pedometer, have been effective in increasing their physical activity.

The ankle joint is a critical part of any movement in the closed kinetic chain, which makes ankle one of the most vulnerable areas of the body. Sprains are the most common ankle injuries. This study was conducted to the effect of the eight-week plyometric training program at different levels on the balance, power, and motor performance of the lower extremities of non-athlete girls with ankle sprains.

The quasi-experimental research method with the pre-test, post-test and follow-up control group design was employed in the study. The study population consisted of all non-athlete girls with ankle sprains within the age range of 18 to 30 years. Among whom 30 participants were selected by purposive sampling. After filling out the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and diagnosis and confirmation of a specialist physician, the participants completed a consent form and were then divided into three groups (control, experimental jump and experimental depth jump). Before and after eight weeks of exercises in two experimental groups, the Y-balance test was performed to assess dynamic balance; the vertical jump test was performed to measure explosive power; and three-step jump; lateral jump and jump 8 were performed to evaluate motor performance as pre andpost-tests were done in the three groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

In the jump group, the mean (SD) score of the Y-balance test increased from129.00 (5.38) in the pre-test to 139.69 (7.26) in the post-test (P<0.001); and in the depth jump group, it increased from 121.20 (6.27) in the pre-test to 130.47 (5.31) in the post-test (P<0.001). This training protocol was more effective in the jump group than in the depth jump workouts. In the jump group, the mean score (SD) of vertical jump increased from 28.20 (4.31) in the pre-test to 37.80 (6.47); and in the depth jump group, it increased from 25.80 (4.04) in the pre-test to 40.40 (4.19) in the post-test (P<0.001). In vertical jump, the depth jump exercises were more effective than the jump workouts. In the jump group, the mean score (SD) of lateral jump increased from 25.00 (7.70) in the pre-test to 41.60 (9.51) in the post-test; and in the depth jump group it increased from 23.30 (4.83) in the pre-test to 36.10 (5.68) in the post-test (P<0.001). The scores of the control group in pre-test and post-test were not statistically different. This training protocol was more effective in the jump group than in the depth jump group.

The study showed that the eight-week plyometric training program at different levels improved the balance, power, and motor performance of the lower extremities in non-athlete girls with ankle sprains. The balance and motor performance of the lower extremities were affected by jump exercises more than depth jump workouts, and explosive power was affected by depth jump exercises more than jump workouts

Due to the fact that the main sources of psychology are not indigenous, one of the challenges of therapists in Iran is how to present psychological materials and interventions to clients. Designing and using metaphors appropriate to the culture and conditions of Iranian authorities helps to solve this problem. This research was carried out with the aim of designing and validating a psycho-educational package based on metaphor to explain and conceptualize the initial maladaptive schemas in the field of hyperactivity and inhibition.

This research was conducted as a qualitative and content analysis type study with the participation of 45 people who referred to office in 2021 and 60 participants of social networks in one day. The sampling method was available as a model. Based on the principles of schema therapy and the qualitative review of the metaphors of clients and participants, which had a schema content and theme, five metaphors (20 metaphors in total) were designed and compiled for each schema in the field of excessive listening and inhibition, and were provided to a panel of 13 experts for validation. In addition to qualitative validity, content validity can also be done quantitatively. In quantitative validation, two relative coefficients of content validity ratio and content validity index were used.

Among the 20 schema metaphors in the domain of vigilance and inhibition, 18 metaphors obtained the value of relative coefficientof content validity and index of content validity higher than the required size (CVR ≤ 0.54 and CVI ≤ 0.79) and were recognized as valid. For the entire training package, the value of the relative content validity coefficient was 0.88 and the content validity index was 0.93.

The study showed that the metaphor-based psycho-educational package designed to explain and conceptualize schemas in the field of vigilance and inhibition is valid.

Adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder are known for their academic and behavioral problems and their other issues, including cognitive impairments or receiving improper attention. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation on mood dysphoria and the general health of high school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group as a pilot study. The statistical population included all high school students in public schools in Urmia in the academic year 2020-21. Two high schools for boys and two high schools for girls were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling method, and 40 students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected based on the scores of the parent short-form questionnaires and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected via the Toronto Mood Dysfunction and General Health Questionnaires at the pretest stage. The experimental group received eight sessions of emotion regulation therapy, while the control group did not. Both groups then responded to the research tools in the posttest phase. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 20.

The mean (SD) score of alexithymia in the experimental group decreased from 54.6 (7.7) in the pretest to 42.7 (4.3) in the posttest, P<0.001). In general health components, the mean (SD) score of anxiety symptoms in the experimental group decreased from 13.5 (4.5) in the pretest to 10.3 (4.1) in the posttest, P<0.001. The mean (SD) score of social dysfunction decreased from 15.4 (5.7) in the pretest to 11.5 (4.5) in the posttest, P<0.001. The mean (SD) score of depressive symptoms decreased from 13.4 (5.4) in the pretest to 10.3 (4.3) in the posttest, P<0.001. In the control group, none of the variables in pretest and posttest scores were different.

The study showed that the treatment of emotion regulation training effectively reduces mood disorders and increases the general health of students with ADHD. The results of this study can be effective in educating adolescents to promote general health and reduce mood disorders

Diabetes is a major challenge for the global health system, especially during the Covid-19 epidemic. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Web-Based Motivational interviewing on disease indices and Health Related Quality of Life.

This before and after study with the control groups were conducted with the participation of 30 patients who have type 2 diabetes. These patients were referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital's endocrinology clinic and Tehran health centers. The sampling method was an available sample that randomly divided into two equal intervention and control groups. Data were collected using health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire and biological indicators of disease, three-month blood sugar (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Before the intervention, a pre-test was conducted for two groups. Motivational interviewingsessions were 90-minute sessions for five weeks for the intervention group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test questionnaires were administered on two occasions, one after two weeks and the other in the follow-up three months after the end of the intervention for the intervention and control groups. The biological indices of the disease were measured in the post-test once after three months. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) of blood sugar for three months HbA1c in the interventional group was decreased from 7.3 (0.43) in the pre-test to 6.88 (0.62) in the post-test (P<0.001)and the sugar Fasting blood from 154.9 (24.9) to 134.8 (24.8) (P>0.001). Web-based motivational interviewingonthree-month blood sugar index (η2 = 0.226; P = 0.011) and fasting blood sugar (η2 = 0.167; P = 0.041) had a significant effect, and this effect was 22% for three-month blood sugar and for Fasting blood sugar was 16%, but it did not affect the health related quality of life.

The study showed that Web-based motivational interviewing decreased three-month fasting blood sugar. But, there was no effect on improving the health related quality of life.

Among the factors related to addiction are psychological and social factors, which have awide field of studies related to addiction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and emotion control with addiction relapse Mediated by Sensation Seeking in Self-Identified Addicts.

This descriptive and correlational structural equation model study was conducted with the participation of 278 self-reported drug addicts who were quitting, referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Tonekabon and Abbas-Abad counties in 2020. Sampling was selected using available sampling method and data was collected using questionnaires on addiction relapse, emotion control, primary maladaptive schemas, obsessive-compulsive and sensation seeking. Data analysis was done using the structural equation modelling method and Lisrel 8.80 software.

The mean (SD) age of the participants was 44.8 (11.5). The coefficient of the direct path between obsessive thoughts and addiction relapse (β=0.34, P<0.001), primary maladaptive schemas and addiction relapse (β=0.37, P<0.001) and emotional control and addiction relapse (β=0.43, P<0.001) was positive and significant. The path coefficient between obsession thoughts and addiction relapse was mediated by sensation seeking (β=0.49, P<0.001), primary maladaptive schemas maladjustment and addiction relapse by the mediation of sense seeking (β=0.55, P<0.001) and emotional control and addiction relapse with the mediation of sensation seeking (β=0.52, P<0.001) were positive and significant.

The study showed that the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas, obsessions, and emotion control with addiction relapse by mediated sensation seeking in self-reported addicts has a good fit, and sensation seeking has a mediating role in the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and obsessions, and control of emotions with the relapse of addiction.