نشریه مطالعات اسلام و روان شناسی
پیاپی 30 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The aim of this study was to develop a structural conceptual model of abnormal self-centeredness in Islamic sources and to examine its validity. First, with a qualitative approach, in the section of collecting texts and reaching selected texts, the method of semantic domains and in the section of text analysis, the method of qualitative content analysis of Siah and Shannon (2005) were used as the method of contractual content analysis. For this purpose, three coding steps were performed and 526 codes were identified in the open coding stage, 74 pivot codes in the first stage, 15 pivot codes in the second stage, 3 selected codes as the main category and 1 central core category; And the conceptual model of the abnormal centralization structure was drawn. Then, in a quantitative approach, using the method of evaluating the opinions of experts, the content validity index of the model from 11 experts was measured by purposive sampling. Findings showed that the structure of abnormal centralization has 4 components (self-satisfaction, self-superiority, self-expression and self−exaggeration), 36 signs, 6 causal conditions (not knowing self or its place, not knowing God or His place, intrinsic self-control, self-doubt, intrinsic interest To be seen is inherently infinite) and 11 consequences.

The purpose of this study was to compare comparative attitudes toward God, attitudes toward self and attitudes toward others in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. The present study was conducted qualitatively. The statistical population was patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression hospitalized in the spring and summer period of 2018 Azar 5 hospitals in Gorgan. From the mentioned population, 15 people from each group were selected by available sampling method and matched by considering age, marriage and gender. The research tools included a checklist of demographic information and a semi-structured interview form based on the research variables, the validity of which was reviewed and confirmed by supervisors and consultants. The results showed that people with bipolar disorder had a better attitude toward God than people with depression and schizophrenia and people with depression had a better attitude toward God than people with schizophrenia. The results indicate the existence of healthy parts of these patients in the attitude towards God, self and others, that communication and therapeutic alliance with these healthy parts and inner capabilities can improve the cost-benefit of treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multidimensional spiritual intervention on salivary cortisol. Perception of the disease and psychological disturbances of patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group and a pre-test-post-test design with one-month and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study includes patients who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery and referred to the Rehabilitation Center of Tehran Heart Hospital. Thirty subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments of this study were the 21DASS-questionnaire, salivary cortisol kit and IPQ-R disease perception. The experimental group was exposed to the independent variable (multidimensional spiritual intervention) in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The results show that between the mean scales of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, disease perception (F = 211,168, p <0.001), salivary cortisol (F = 89.43, <0.001) p), stress (F = 251.191, p <0.001), anxiety (F = 209.896, p <0.001) and depression (F = 143.04, p <0.001) significant difference between There is an experimental group and a control group. Therefore, according to the results of the study, it can be claimed that multidimensional spiritual intervention of salivary bercortisol, disease perception and psychological disorders of patients have been effective.

The aim of this study was to present "a conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation". This pattern was obtained from reviewing the concepts extracted from interpreters' interpretations. The main question was that: what is a conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation? This study was a basic-developmental research, and its methodology was a qualitative content analysis. All verses of Quran (the population) were reviewed and the themes related to a conceptual pattern of motivation were identified as the sample (over 2700 verses). By referring to the interpretations, conceptual categorization and open, axial, and selective coding were done. To achieve a comprehensive pattern, the researchers reached the three basic themes of "causal", "structural", and "consequential" after coding the data. The causal theme included internal and external compelling category (29 items), and internal and external inhibitory category (16 items). Two cognitive categories (4 items) and behavioral tendencies (11 items) in the structural theme, and personal (9 items), family (5 items), and social (10 items) categories were designed in the consequential theme. In the first stage, the validity and reliability of this pattern were examined by 17 experts. The value of CVR and CVI confirmed the content validity of this conceptual pattern. The results showed that the conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation is different from the concept of motivation in contemporary psychology in terms of nature, foundations, structure, factors, and methodology.

The purpose of this research is to explain the natural attributes of human psyche from the view of Quran. The main question is that: which things does Quran introduce as the natural attributes of human psyche? Using the theme analysis, this research extracted the related concepts, sub-categories, and categories from the view of Quran. According to the findings, humans cannot be considered bad in general, and their limitations cannot also be ignored. Humans consist of three pairs of categories: "innate godliness-Shah", "having the best possible psyche-cognitive, emotional, and behavioral instability", and "talent for perfection-abuse of wisdom", which the followings are, respectively, the explainers of the relationship among these privilege-restriction pairs of categories: "two-sided perfectionism", "self-preservation", and "wisdom and the authority derived from it". Since "cognitive, emotional, and behavioral instability" has the most frequency among other categories, this human limitation needs to be paid a special attention.

This study aimed to develop a preliminary questionnaire for the success of the Congregational Imam of the mosque based on Islamic sources. So, the research method was content analysis and survey method so that 50 successful imams were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. To evaluate the validity of the content, components, and items of the questionnaire the views of six experts in psychology and prayer were taken. The result of Kendall coefficient indicates the agreement degree of experts on items with Islamic data and the way of their implies. To evaluate the validity of this questionnaire, the correlation of each item with the total score was calculated and items with a high correlation of 0.3 with the total score were confirmed. Also, to check the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.83 and the correlation between the two sides of the questionnaire was calculated; the results show the high reliability of the questionnaire.

Muslims with cultural-belief backgrounds demand special psychological services; moreover, the different between Islamic fundamentals and psychology fundamentals needs to establish a school called "Islamic psychology". Studying the why of a school helps facilitate the criticism with the integration of the essentials, determine the direction of movement, and withdraw or make sure of continuing the path. In addition, a systematic research and meta-synthesis of studies is necessary because of the large amount of information in this field. "Systematic research" is a logical method to find all information in a specific field. "Meta-synthesis" is a method by which the differences and similarities of qualitative researches can be compared with combining their findings. In the stage of the systematic research, 37 journals and 33 masters were identified that after reviewing their works, 60 books, 700 papers, and 18 meetings were extracted. In the stage of meta-synthesis, after deleting unrelated documents, 3 books, 14 papers, 7 interviews, and 14 meetings were summarized, coded, categorized, integrated, and rewritten. According to the results, there are two answers for the why of Islamic psychology school: "the shortages of psychology" and "the contents of Islamic psychology school". The shortages of psychology are placed in six headings: bias, error of foundations, cultural-belief incompatibility, methodology limitation, inefficiency, and value-centeredness. The contents are also placed in five headings: available psychological opportunities, religious psychological knowledge, the need to realize a comprehensive and unique approach, Islamic socialization, and benefits of localization.