فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 54 (پاییز 1401)

Asprosin is a protein hormone that is mainly secreted by fat cells and enters the bloodstream. In the present study, the effect of 8-week continuous training was investigated on serum levels of asprosin, insulin, and insulin resistance index in obese rats.

For this, 32 male Wistar rats (mean weight=180/23±7 grams) were randomly divided into four groups of Healthy Control (N=8), Obese Control (N=8), Healthy Training (N=8), and Obese Training (N=8). The continuous training group performed the training protocol for 8 weeks, and 48 hours after the end of the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. The variables of interest (serum levels of asprosin, level of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index) were measured in rats. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test at the significance level of α=0.05.

There was a significant difference among mean serum levels of asprosin (p<0/001), insulin (p<0/001), fasting glucose (p<0/001), and insulin resistance index (p<0/001) in the Healthy Control, Obese Control, Healthy Training, and Obese Training groups.

Based on the results of the present study, it seems that obesity has a significant effect on increasing asprosin levels and continuous exercise has a significant effect on reducing asprosin levels. Therefore, continuous training can be used as an important strategy to reduce asprosin levels and weight.

Oxidative stress induced renal injures are intensified following myocardial infraction(MI) which are accompanied by an elevated NOX4 expression rate. However; the effect of exercise training following MI on blood Nox4 and renal oxidative stress markers have not investigated in spite of the apparent evidence regarding the effects of physical training on renal structure and function, which was investigated in this study. 24 male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups (n=8) of healthy control, MI control and MI training. Eight weeks of running training at moderate intensity on a treadmill was conducted following MI induction via two executive days’ injections of Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg.day). while renal MDA, cabonylated protein(CP) and 8OHdG levels via spectrophotometry and colorimeteryWhile blood NOx4 as well as renal MDA, CP and 8OHdG levels in MI control rats were higher than their healthy control littermates, the amount of these parameters (except for CP) in MI group was lower than healthy control group (p=0.001 in any circumstances). However, all indices including on blood NOX4 (p=0.029) and renal MDA(p=0.001), CP(p=0.001) and 8OHdG(p=0.019) levels in MI training rats was still higher than healthy control littermates. MI is able to increase blood NOX4 level and incidence of renal oxidative stress. However, aerobic training could not fully ameliorate these hazardous effects of MI, in spite of its appreciable capabilities to reverse this trend. It seems that identification of the best effective training protocols in this area is warranted in addition to Eliminating the limitations in this study.

There is not much evidence about the complementary effect of Mulberry extract and exercise on the inflammatory indicators that are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of combined exercise (aerobic+ resistance) and consumption of Mulberry leaf extract on serum levels of lipocalin-2, interleukin-1 beta, and metabolic parameters related to diabetes in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental and single-blind study, 40 elderly with an age range of 67.07±7.48 years were purposefully selected as a sample and randomly assigned into five equal groups (Exercise, Supplement, Supplement + Exercise, Placebo, and Control). A daily dose of 1000 mg (two 500 mg capsules) of Mulberry leaf extract was used three times weekly for two months. The groups practiced three 90 minutes sessions per week for eight weeks. The studied variables were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the intervention period.

The levels of lipocalin-2, interleukin-1 beta, and insulin resistance in the post-test of Exercise, Supplement + Exercise, and Supplement groups were significantly reduced compared to the pre-test (P<0.05). In the inter-group changes, the level of lipocalin-2, interleukin-1 beta, and insulin resistance in the Exercise, Supplement + Exercise, and Supplement groups had a significant decrease compared to the Placebo and Control groups (P<0.05).

It seems that the consumption of Mulberry extract can increase the effectiveness of exercise in reducing the inflammatory markers effective in diabetes and have a synergistic effect along with combined exercise.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been used to improve exercise performance, but the effect of different frequency on judo performance and its role in protecting against judo exercise-induced muscle damage is still unclear.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different frequency of IPC on simulated judo competition and match-induced apoptosis in judo athletes.

In a crossover study, 12 men judokas participated in this study. Each subject was randomized in four conditions: IPC in one session (low frequency), IPC in consecutive three sessions (high frequency), one non-pressure session and repeated non-pressure sessions. Three simulated competitions with an interval of 5 minutes and a special judo test (SJFT) 5 hours after last competition were performed in per session. IPC consisted of four 5-minute cycles of ischemia, followed by five minutes of perfusion. Pre and post-judo competition, blood sample were taken. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Benferroni post-hoc test were used.

The results showed that high dose IPC resulted in a significant improvement in total throws of SJFT (P≤0.05). The judo competition protocol increased serum Bax. The serum Bcl-2 was significantly higher in low and high doses of IPC than other condition (P≤0.05).

In conclusion, high frequency of IPC appear to have a more effect on the specific performance of judokas. frequency -independent IPC can improve apoptosis following judo competition.

Pulmonary poisoning and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) lead to impaired respiratory gas exchange and cause DNA damage. Pumpkin seeds with powerful antioxidant properties can reduce ROS production. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of resistance training and pumpkin seed consumption on the levels of inhibitory (Glutathione and ATP) and destructive (Cytochrome-C and Malondialdehyde) factors in lung tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide.

forty-two male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 250±50 kg were selected and randomly divided into seven groups (six rats in each group) including 1. Healthy Control, 2. Poisoned Control, 3. Resistance Training, 4. One mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, 5. Two mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, 6. Resistance Training + One mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, and 7. Resistance Training + Two mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds. The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a one-meter ladder with a 2-centimeter distance between each step and an 85-degree incline. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software at a significance level of α=0.05.

Resistance training combined with the consumption of pumpkin seeds led to a significant effect on ATP, Cytochrome-C, GSH, MDA, and PAB concentrations in lung tissue (P=0.001).

The interaction of performing resistance training with pumpkin seed consumption can reduce the production of ROS via toxins such as H2O2 in lung tissue, by increasing factors such as ATP and GSH concentration as well as decreasing Cytochrome-C, MDA, and PAB concentrations.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of resistance training along with hawthorn consumption on some oxidative stress indicators in the serum of Alzheimer's male rats.

In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six. Healthy control, Alzheimer's control, Alzheimer's disease under resistance training, Alzheimer's disease under resistance training with hawthorn consumption, and Alzheimer's disease with hawthorn consumption were divided. Training was for 12 weeks and 5 days a week in the form of climbing a one-meter long ladder with weights attached to the rats' tails.The weight attached to the tail of each animal reached 50-60%in the first week and140-150%of the mice's weight in the last weeks.The group receiving the supplement received the mixture of hawthorn powder with the standard food of mice at a ratio of6.25%of hawthorn powder.24 hours after the last civilizing and supplemental intervention,the mice were unconscious and the serum levels of SOD,GPX,TACand MAD were determined by Eliezer method.

The results showed that resistance training, especially when taking hawthorn, led to a significant increase (P=0.002) in the serum level of glutathione peroxidase compared to other groups. However, no significant change was observed in the serum level of superoxide dismutase enzyme, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in the experimental and control groups.

It is possible that resistance training and supplementation with hawthorn can be effective in adjunctive treatment in Alzheimer's patients, especially in the early stages.